解構鄰避運動─國道建設的抗爭與地方政治動員

Abstract

興建高速公路時所遭遇的地方抗爭，雖較少被國人歸類於鄰避型抗爭，但由於高架道路區隔地方社區，具有犧牲地方社區的利益以換取全國用路人的方便之特性，因此往往使地方民眾心存不滿。若再發生設計細節上的爭議，則容易引發既有民怨而形成抗爭。然而，高速公路的興建在地\\r理上分佈極廣，任何施工環節受到杯葛，都可能造成完工通車的延宕。因此，施工單位受到地方抗爭民眾挾持的情形特別嚴重。此外，由於相關工程的預算由中央編列且相對充裕，地方政治菁英有動機藉此爭取增加地方建設的機會，因此不難發現地方政治人物熱中奔走於其間。本研究透過月眉收費站與二一○跨越橋兩個抗爭案例，除簡要介紹國道工程抗爭的鄰避性質，說明地方政治菁英參與這類抗爭的動機，以及其在抗爭動員之中的功能，並進一步藉此討論平息抗爭的可能策略。

Not-In-My-Back-Yard movements have raged both developed and developing countries and have become a salient issue for the construction of less popular public facilities in recent years. From a rational choice perspective, this paper investigates two cases in Taiwan’s highway construction projects to analyze the formation and sustainability of such movements. These cases indicate the distinguished role of local elites. By pointing out the selective incentives for different types of local politicians and their functions in mobilizing and organizing the protests, this paper demonstrate how the same groups of elites also offer a valuable service to the governmental agencies to reach a compromised scheme with the protestors. This research concludes that the key to solve NIMBY protests is to understand the interest niches of major local elites.