日本型公私協力之析探：以第三部門與PFI為例

Abstract

受到民主政治與經濟快速發展的影響，民眾參與公共事務的意識越來越高，而人民對生活品質和公共服務水準的要求也日益提升。面對如此多元的需求，政府如何透過合理的社會資源管理以滿足民眾需求，即成為一個迫切需要解決的課題。而公私部門協力關係的建立即為資源整合管理與 滿足民眾需求提供一個管道。\\r 本文透過日本第三部門與PFI 的介紹與分析，來瞭解該國如何推動公私協力，與其所運用的事業類型及產生的成果和課題，並進一步討論其所代表之政策意涵。研究結果發現，以第三部門與PFI 為主的日本型公私協力模式有如下的政策意涵：一、公部門的行財政改革；二、中央與地方關係的重構；三、政府與民間的新關係；四、皆以保障公益為出發點；五、將私部門參與公共事務地位予以合法化或正式化；六、促進區域再生。而日本經驗對我國公共事務改革所帶來的啟示則包括新的社會資源整合與地方治理模式及制度設計與目的的再檢討等兩項。

Under the influence of rapid development of democratic politics and economy, the public has higher level of consciousness to participate in public affairs, while people also have high demands on living quality and standard of public services. In view of such pluralistic demands, how government will meet the public’s demands through reasonable social resources management has become one urgent issue pending for solution. The establishment of public-private partnership thus offers one channel for resource integration management and satisfaction of the public’s demands. Through an introduction and analysis of Japan’s third sector and PFI, this essay aims to seek a better understanding of how Japan promotes the publicprivate partnership, the applied types of undertaking, and achievements and issues, and further to discuss the implication for policies. Findings indicate that the Japanese-type public-private partnership model based on the third sector and PFI has presented the following implications of policy: (1)Administrative and financial reforms of the public sector; (2) Refactoring of relationship between central government and local government; (3) New relationship between the government and the non-government sectors; (4) New models to protect the public welfare; (5) Legalize and formalize the private sector’s position to participate in public affairs; (6) Promote regional regeneration. Revelations on reforms for public affairs in Taiwan from Japanese experience include new social resource integration and local mode of governance as well as the review of system design and purpose.