從「產業自律管制」看國家新治理模式之實踐條件與要素

Abstract

在國家新治理模式的諸多實踐面向中，如何跳脫傳統治理模式所慣用的「指令－控制」式管制之侷限，開闢出管制的新路徑，是吾人探索與建構國家新治理模式上，相當重要的課題。「產業自律管制」，就其沿革而言，有三種模式，其中社會需求型與政府引導型，近年來甚受重視。而其決策目標、制度本質及對公民意識之影響，各有不同的成效和缺失。參考各種「產業自律管制」實務運作上的正反評價，本文認為，其所呈現出的問題，對於吾人探索國家新治理模式之實踐條件，極有參考價值。本文認為，必須認知到，治理必須以學習的促進與引導為決策目標；而制度的本質則是在於溝通的進行；而並且以具有信任的公民意識為前提，國家新治理模式才能實踐。因此，本文認為，國家新治理模式的踐行必須在促進被管制者之學習能力與意願；其次，必須對溝通所能產生之效應，抱持信心；最後，必須信任人們的學習和溝通能力。

It has been a critical issue to find out new regulatory method for replacing the “command-control” regulation in exploring the new national governance. There are three models of the “Industry Self-regulation”- product standardize, social response, and government initiating. Though sometime still vague in public interest and always cause managing dilemma to industry, the later two has been more and more emphasized since it can share the burden of governmental regulation. The industry self-regulation has result in some positive benefits like environmental improvement; build communication with stakeholders and communities. However there are also criticisms, such as vague requirements with no specific goal, no third-party verification, lacking internal communications, and hard for small and medium companies to comply. Reflecting the above analysis, this essay argue that in order for carrying out the goal of new national governance, it is vital to regard “learning” as the very goal for regulation, to see communication as precisely the true meaning of regulating, and trust as the start point of such reinvention.