台灣府際財政治理的競合關係：一個網絡分析的實證研究

Abstract

本文承繼著作者在二○○五年所出版《制度、網絡與府際治理》一書中的問題意識與思考脈絡，並在該研究的基礎上，從地方政府財政首長的觀點出發檢視在統籌分配稅款議題中地方政府間的互動樣態，並以網絡分析法來進一步思考研究府際間財政治理關係的可能性。本文希望能夠透過網絡分析法，針對該書中同一筆問卷資料進行重新的過錄與解讀，這樣的企圖顯現出兩個重要的目的：第一、在目前公共行政學界中，談到治理的機制，最大的共識便是在網絡的環境中進行治理的工作，但如何實際的對治理機制的運作，進行一個嚴謹且符合科學方法的檢驗，目前仍未有太大的進展。本文的目的是初步嘗試將網絡分析法運用在府際治理關係的分析上，希望能替公共行政學界帶入網絡分析的視野，協助公共行政學界在探討以關係為互動本質的公共事務，能有更經得起檢驗的研究方法；第二、就目前府際關係的研究而言，大多從法制面或歷史面對關係的發展進行陳述，較為缺乏的反而是從行動的層次來理解府際的關係。本文即將以府際間的財政關係為個案，並以網絡分析法為分析的方法，將分析落實到中央與各縣市間財政關係的相互依賴模式探索上。

This paper follows the research questions discussed in the book Institution, Network and Intergovernmental Governance (2005). Social network analysis, in this paper, is applied to re-analyze the same data collected by authors in 2003 to help us to examine the patterns of relationships among intergovernmental relations. This paper will have two important contributions to research community of public administration in Taiwan. First, social network analysis method will give us a guideline to analyze the complex governance phenomenon in public affairs. The paper will be the first one to try to apply social network analysis to answer the research questions regarding governance mechanism. Second, the researches on intergovernmental governance mostly emphasize on formal institutional and historical perspectives, and few researches focus on the dynamic relationships among county governments. Our research will provide another answer to the intergovernmental competitive and cooperative governance mechanism in fiscal intergovernmental relations. Our paper demonstrates three research outcomes. The first is that the financial resources centralize on Taipei and Kaohsiung cities and the financial allocation situation is disequilibrium one among 23 counties in Taiwan. The second is that the character of cooperative relationship is a stable alliance among agricultural county governments which DPP is in power. The third is that Taipei and Kaohsiung city governments are two financial resources competitors without collaborative relationships with other counties in Taiwan.