台灣亟需有遠見的再生能源政策與做法—德國經驗的啟示

Abstract

台灣的自產能源非常缺乏，99% 以上的能源仰賴國外進口，而且，大部分來自政治不穩定的中東地區，加上化石能源燃燒所排放的溫室氣體公認是全球氣候變遷的主因，而原油價格屢創新高，更對國家經濟、民眾生活造成沈重的負擔。有鑑於此，世界各國皆致力於發展再生能源，德國更是其中翹楚。在德國再生能源發展中，弗萊堡的太陽能產業發展是最為亮眼的成功經驗，其效益不僅呈現在綠色能源提供方面，更帶動相關產業發展，吸引旅客，促進地方人口成長。而此成功發展經驗，雖是以太陽能為主體，但其相關發展經驗應可適用於其他再生能源的發展上。本文即探討弗萊堡發展再生能源成功經驗的要素，並據此前瞻的政策規劃與成功的經驗做為我國發展再生能源的借鏡，提出我國再生能源發展可行方向的建議。\\r 本文發現弗萊堡太陽光電產業成功的因素包括：聯邦政府的政策支持、人民的環保意識和危機感、地方政府和議會的推動、全體市民的參與、完整的知識產業價值鏈聚落、不打折的執行力等等因素。我國規劃再生能源發展政策時應掌握這幾項要素，提出具遠見的發展政策與作法。

Energy in Taiwan is scarce. More than 99% of the energy in Taiwan is imported mostly from the politically unstable Middle East. The emissions from fossil fuel combustion gases have been recognized as the main cause of global climate change. And the rising prices of crude oil have great impact on the country’s economy and people’s lives. In view of this, most countries are committed to the development of renewable energy. Among them, Germany plays a leading role. Of the development of renewable energy in Germany, Freiburg’s solar industry enjoys most outstanding success. The effectiveness is not only salient in the provision of green energy, but also in the development of related industries, which has resulted in the increase of the number of visitors and promoting local population growth. Although this successful experience is based on solar energy, it has potential to be applied to other renewable energy development. This paper investigated the essential factors of Freiburg’s successful experience, which can provide a useful reference for Taiwan. The result indicated that, Freiburg’s successful elements in solar industry include: supports from the federal government’s policy, people’s environmental awareness and the public sense of crisis, promotion by both the local government and parliament, public participation, complete clusters of knowledge in the industry value chain, consistent execution and so forth. In planning forward-looking renewable energy policies and strategies, authorities in concern should therefore learn from Freiburg’s successful experience.