英美保險代位本質之再探——兼論我國保險代位求償模式之再建構

Abstract

保險代位之本質，可說是整個保險代位體系之核心所在。在保險代位之求償模式方面，我國傳統以來循大陸法系之傳統，採取法定債權移轉理論，而與英美法有所不同。英美法之架構近年來漸受學說之重視，甚至對其有所爭議，故實有釐清之必要。本文乃對英美保險代位之本質、架構加以探索，並對其與擬制信託之融合詳加分析，以求釐清其法律關係。於分析英美法與各國立法例，並審酌我國之背景後，本文乃嘗試對我國提出「保險代位求償模式相對論」——即原則上仍採取法定債權移轉理論，但在保險人與被保險人有特定具體之特約時，則可約定採取英美法之模式、或是自行約定其他求償模式。最後，總結全文提出結論，並分三階段對於我國法提出相關建議，以供未來進一步研究之參酌。

The nature of subrogation can be regarded as the core of the subrogation system. In terms of the manner in which subrogation operates, our country traditionally follows continental law in adopting the “legal assignment theory”, which differs the Anglo-American law. The structure of common law subrogation is stressed by the theory and is very controversial. Consequently, it is necessary to arrive at the truth. This research is aimed at exploring the nature and structure of common law subrogation theory and analyzes integration of the constructive trust to arrive at an understanding of the law relationship. By analyzing the ways of lawmaking of common law for each country, and considering the background of our country, this study attempts to address the “relativity theory of insurance subrogation” to our country. In principle, it still adopts the legal assignment theory. However, when the insurer and insured have specific agreement, they can negotiate to adopt the Anglo-American model or devise another subrogation model by themselves. Finally, this study reaches a conclusion and provides related suggestions to the law of our country to serve as a future reference.