時代感懷與國族認同--柳亞子「南明書寫」研究

Abstract

「南明」（1644-1683）有別於「明季」、「明末」、「晚明」（1573－1644）等詞，在明代正統王朝結束後（指崇禎帝自縊），南明三帝及其忠臣烈士「偏安南方」，與清朝繼續對峙，產生「明代尾聲」和「清朝初始」的並時現象，在中國歷史上極為特殊。南社（1909-1923）以革命社團形態在出現，無論是文學／史學均在近現代史上占有一席之地。值得注意的是，南社大量從事「南明書寫」，包括對南明人、事、時、地、物的感懷吟詠和對南明史料、史事的記錄、搜羅，引領南社發展的柳亞子無疑是最具指標作用的人物。是以本文以柳亞子個人的「南明書寫」作為研究標的，經由南明史料蒐集與撰寫歷程、南明史及人物的書寫等議題，就其早年熱心閱讀南明史集，寫作〈鄭成功傳〉、〈夏內史傳略〉、〈中國滅亡小史〉、《南明史綱》、《南明人物志》等文為主軸；進而探討清末與民國中日抗戰時期的柳亞子，如何在黎里、上海、香港、桂林等地拓展南明史的寫作及研究工作。希望見出柳亞子為抒發時代感懷和凝聚國族認同，形成有別於一般史家結集歷史文獻，藉以重構「南明」歷史記憶的特殊意涵。

The word of “Nan-Ming”（1644-1683） is different means of “Ming season” , “end of Ming Dynasty” , “late Ming Dynasty” (1573- 1644 ). After the orthodox imperial court finished in the Ming Dynasty (mean the Chong-Zhen emperor hung oneself), the continue confronting with Qing Dynasty by three sovereign and many martyrs in south. It also produces “Ming Dynasty coda” and “Qing Dynasty initial”, special in history. Nan Sheh (1909-1923), a revolutionary group at initial stage, play an important role of literature and historiography. It worth attention that Nan Sheh society engaged in Nan-Ming writing in a large amount, including the personage, the events, the occurrence, the deep feeling to Nan-Ming and the collection of historical data, record of historical event. Among them, Liu Ya-Tzu is most important people Nan Sheh society`s development.In this paper, we investigated the development Nan-Ming Writing」of Liu Ya-Tzu from the Nan-Ming historical papers collection, writing progress , Nan-Ming biography and personage. Though Liu’s writing of “Zheng Cheng gong biography”（鄭成功傳）, “ Xia Nei Shi brief biography”（夏內史傳略）, “The vanish biography of China”（中國滅亡小史）, “Nan-Ming biography”（南明史綱）and “ The personage of Nan-Ming”（南明人物志）, we investigated the writing and research work of Liu Ya-Tzu at the end of Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China , in Lili，Shanghai , Hong Kong , Gui Lin. We hope to express the Era sentiments and country validations of Liu Ya-Tzu, and generally represent the different views with other historical document, then reconstruct the historical memory and special meaning of Nan-Ming again.