明代翰林院的詩歌館課研究

Abstract

明代為強化儒學傳統，確立以制義取士的科舉制度，導致許多士子因專務舉業，而不知詩為何物。但明代翰林院教習、考選庶吉士，卻十分重視詩歌，翰林院內的詩學活動亦相當頻繁，包括應制、例贈、館課、集結詩社、聚會唱和、講論詩法、品評詩作等，詩歌對於明代翰林院人員，既是官方任務、人際往來之所需，也是個人抒發情感的方式。本論文以詩學的角度，探討明代翰林院詩學活動中詩歌館課的教習情形及利弊得失，並由庶吉士的詩作、詩題，觀察其詩學意義。同時也分析論述庶吉士對於詩歌館課的學習心態，以及館師的教習原則和態度等，藉以了解明代詩學的多元面相，一窺明代文化發展的軌跡。

During the Ming dynasty, the civil service exam was used as a way to augment the Confucian tradition and ensure officials received posts because of their understanding of the Classics. This caused many candidates to focus so much on preparation for the test that they did even grasps the basics of poetry. Yet, instruction at the Hanlin Academy and the students there who passed the exam with high marks placed much emphasis on poetry. There were many poetry-related activities there, including imperially-commissioned works of poetry, poetry given as gifts, classes on poetry, poetry societies, spontaneous poems and responses to poems in informal gatherings, instruction on poetics, critiques of poetic works, etc. It is clear that for those at the Academy, poetry was very much an integral part of their life, both in imperial requests, socializing, and a way in which to give expression to personal sentiment.This paper will examine the nature of course instruction on poetry at the Hanlin Academy during the Ming dynasty, discussing its strengths and weaknesses from a viewpoint of poetics. Poetic works and titles from shujishi will be analyzed to show their significance in Ming dynasty poetics. Furthermore, students’ study of and attitudes toward poetry and instructors’ methodologies and attitudes will be addressed. The aim of this research is to view the incipient developments of Ming culture and to understand the diversity of poetics of the time.