俄漢觀念的對比分析：理論與方法

Abstract

觀念分析抽象名詞所確定的格式塔是測量抽象實質的工具，這樣使得同一語言內部的抽象名詞相對比，以及不同語言之間相關觀念的對比，又具有了一個新的對比層面。觀念內容不僅可以根據表示觀念的抽象名詞的隱喻使用來分析，而且可以根據包含它的篇章內容來分析，即觀念分析的範圍可以擴大到包含該名詞的篇章。對觀念的研究使得我們最終進入民族心智的神秘領域。觀念的研究也是語言世界圖景的研究，屬於語言“觀念”的世界圖景。\\r通過觀念分析法得到的內容有別於目前我們常見的詞語的詞源、詞典釋義、構詞、修辭以及聯想意義的比較。我們所做的是抽象名詞表達的觀念的對比。通過分析，我們應該明確俄語和漢語的某些具有樸素世界觀意義的相關語言觀念之間的異同。

The Gestalt obtained from conceptual analysis is a tool to measure the abstract essence. It gives us one more dimension for semantic comparison inside a noun with abstract sememe and for semantic comparison of nouns with relevant concepts from different languages. Contents of concept can be analyzed not only by metaphor of abstract nouns, but also by its context. The study of the concept allows us to enter a mysterious area of the nation`s mind. The research of concept is the study of the world picture of a language, the world picture of "concept". What we get through analysis of the concept is different from the comparison of the etymology of the word, the dictionary definition etc. What we have done is expressed in terms of comparison of abstract concepts. By analysis, we should make clear the simple world view of language is related to concepts.