從困挫中奮起：孫中山兩次蒙難與革命事業之發展

Abstract

綜本文所述，「堅毅不屈，愈挫愈奮」，正是彰顯孫中山英雄本色之最好詮釋，倫敦被難時如此，廣州蒙難時亦如是

Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary career contained numerous challenges. His being kidnapped in London in October 1896 and besieged by Ch’en Chiung-ming in Canton in June 1922 were the two incidents that shocked the world. Fortunately, he was not principles for his revolutionary movement. When Dr. Sun was kidnapped in London, he was 30 and just started his revolution movement. When he was besieged in Canton, he was 57 and tried to make a breakthrough in his revolution. In both cases Dr. Sun made a determined effort to surmount all obstacles. In this paper I will study Dr. Sun’s determination and perseverance in the two incidents. The two incidents have the following similarities, although they occurred in different years. Firstly, they concerned Dr. Sun’s life. In 1896 the Ch’ing court ordered the arrest of him regardless of his life or death. In 1922 the rebellious army of Ch’en Chiung-ming also did not care about his life when they besieged the Presidential Hall. Secondly, they concerned The Three Principles of the People. After Dr. Sun was released in London, he dedicated himself to the idea of The Three Principles of the People. After the rebellion of Ch’en Chiung-ming was pacified, Dr. Sun restarted his writing of the Three Principles of the People. Thirdly, they concerned Chiang Kai-shek. The incident of 1896 provided a stimulus to Chiang’s revolutionary spirit. The incident of 1922 drew close relationship between Sun and Chiang and this, in turn, helped Chiang greatly in his revolutionary career. Fourthly, they concerned the development of the revolutionary movement. The kidnapping helped Dr. Sun gain far-flung fame, so he laid more and more stress on propaganda. The rebellion in Canton resulted in Dr. Sun’s reform of the party. Because his strongly thought that he needed a revolutionary army, he founded the Whampao Academy. The newly-established army not only guarded the revolutionary base in Kwangtung and Kwangsi but also helped carry out the Northern Expedition. In sum, Dr. Sun Yat-sen had persevering and undefeatable characters, and they are best described in his performance in 1896 and 1922.