試析《牧誓》中商紂的罪狀--兼論《牧誓》的史料價值

Abstract

在分析《牧誓》中周武對於商紂的指控後，看不到商紂王犯下什麼滔天大罪，反而突顯出《牧誓》的原始性，《牧誓》出於武王伐紂的當時。至於《牧誓》的文辭不若周《誥》諸篇古奧難讀，是因為在流傳過程中，文字受到了改動，而內容卻保存原貌，沒有遭受竄改；所以《牧誓》是研究殷周之際的珍貴史料。

In the past, King Shang-Zhouh was regarded nothing but a tyrant. This article in an attempt to restore his name, as well as to certify the historical authentic of the Oath of Mu. The Oath of Mu was a speech by King Zhou –Wu before his launching an attack on King Shang-Zhouh. In the Oath, we did not find that King Shang-Zouh had committed any atrocious crimes, instead we only found that King Shang-Zouh was accused of committing the following : (1) Obeying his wife and his concubines, (2) Not worshiping his own ancestors, (3) Not appointing his brothers high-ranking officials (4) Commissionning foreign defectors and relying on them heavily. All the crimes of King Shang-Zouh’s mentioned in the Oath of Mu were not serious and awful. And this proved the Oath had not been altered greatly by later scholars, and that it is original and authentic.