談判桌上的海權劃分：五國海軍會議（1921-22）與戰間期的海權思維

Abstract

華盛頓會議中的五國海軍會議，是第一次世界大戰後第一個海軍限武會議，具有承先啟後的時代意義。本文依據第一手的會議記錄與相關研究成果，深入探討五國海軍會議所反映出的整體性意義，以及個別性差異。首先，就整體性來說，五國海軍會議的召開，是跨時代的創舉，其決議更體現出戰間期的獨有的海權思維，故應整體分析其意義。其次，就個別性差異而言，五國海軍會議召開過程中，各國角力以及對海軍限武觀念的個別看法，透露出各個國家，甚至不同民族間對海權的不同看法，故也應細部分析其中的差異性。希望透過整體性與個別性的探討與分析，刻畫出兩次大戰期間，以五國海軍會議為核心的海權思維，有何大同與小異。

The Washington Naval Conference, the first naval disarmament meeting after World War I, has the significance of bearing the past and opening up the future. This article will deeply explore the total meanings and separate diversity of the conference by means of the primary minutes of the meetings and other important researches. As for the totality, not only would the gathering of five sea powers mean a landmark on history but also the conference’s regulations embody a special spirit of sea power between the Wars. Then about the diversity, the conference involves 5 different sea powers and the negotiations and tension within the conference will depict separate states’ attitude toward sea power. By analyzing the issue totally and separately, we hope to construct an image of sea power ideology based on the Washington Naval conference.