所有制改變與中國大陸勞動關係變化之研究

Abstract

本文的研究發現，改革開放以來，中共大幅修改各種勞動法令，企圖建立一個符合市場經濟運作的勞動體制，從相關的勞動法令來看，一方面工人的保障與福利在市場經濟時代大幅下降，另一方面工人成立自主性組織的發展還是受到很多的限制，原有的企業黨組織也已不再能扮演保護工人權益的角色，勞資不平等的關係無法改善，因此期待中國大陸出現一種比較有利於工人的勞動關係還有一段很長的路要走。

China has been transformed from a planned economy to a market economy through years of reform. Back in the era of a planned economy, all enterprises fell under public ownership. The state-owned enterprises, comprising the largest proportion of the public sector, provided workers with high-level benefits and job security. Meanwhile, the state maintained a top-down control of workers’ organizations such as trade unions and works councils, allowing little room for autonomous workers’ initiatives. With the market-economy reform, drastic changes have occurred to China’s ownership system. The relative weight of state-owned enterprises has dropped significantly, while an increasing number of workers are employed by foreign-invested enterprises and private-sector enterprises. Through the labor market, most Chinese workers now trade their commodified labor power with capitalists. What kind of implication do the changes in ownership system in China on the previous regime of labor relations, this is the main topic explored in this article. It is found in this study that the Chinese government has made radical revisions to a broad spectrum of labor laws and regulations for the purpose of establishing a labor regime compatible with the operations of market economy. On one hand, job security and benefits of the workers are now drastically reduced. On the other hand, however, autonomous workers’ organizations are still under myriads of tight restriction, while the enterprise-level party organizations ceased to protect workers’ rights. There are currently few existing mechanisms for ameliorating inequalities between labor and capital, thus it is still a long way to go before a labor-relations regime more favorable to workers appears in China.