從德國保險人資訊義務規範論要保人之資訊權保障

Abstract

保險契約為無形金融商品之一，若要保人在訂約之前，未能獲得充分的商品資訊即訂立契約，則容易發生該保險不符合其需求或期待，進而在日後產生契約上的糾紛。確保訂約前提供要保人適當的商品資訊，有助於其就是否訂約作出較為妥適的判斷。我國現行保險法對於訂約前要保人的資訊需求並無明文保障，至於消費者保護法第11條之1所規定的定型化契約條款審閱期之設計是否符合保險契約之特性及要保人的需求，尚有研究之必要。德國於二○○八年一月一日起生效之新保險契約法中，規定保險人應於訂約前提供法定資訊予要保人，違反者要保人之撤回權將無期限限制，且得請求保險人損害賠償，明確保障具私法屬性的要保人資訊權，對於保險消費者的資訊需求保護頗為周詳，爰撰文介紹評析，最後再檢討我國法律現行法制下要保人的資訊需求是否已獲充分保障，並分析德國新法作為我國法律發展之參考的可能性。

Insurance is a kind of intangible financial product and if the applicant could not obtain enough information prior to making the contract, it tends to have the situation that the insurance does not meet the applicant’s need and expectation and furthermore contract disputes may arise in the future. It is helpful for the applicant to make an appropriate decision in concluding an insurance contract if he or she can be supplied the proper and related product information prior to contracting. In the current Insurance Law in Taiwan, there is not any article to regulate the insurer’s obligation of supplying contract information to the applicant prior to contracting. The regulation in the Consumer Protection Act, which provides the contract reviewing period for the consumer in Article 11-1, could not meet the applicant’s need and the nature of insurance. In German New Insurance Contract Law effectuated on 1st January, 2008, it regulates that the insurer is obligated to deliver the regu-regulated information to the insurance applicant before the offer is made. The violation leads to a timely unlimited right of the insured to revoke the contract. Meanwhile, the insured can also make a claim against the insurer for damage caused by the deficit of information. The aforementioned law explicitly protects the applicant’s information right which is regarded as a right in private law. It details the insurance consumer’s protection of the information necessity. This paper considers introducing and commenting on the aforesaid law, reviewing the related regulations of the applicant’s protection of the information necessity in Taiwan and addressing some recommendations for the possibility of developing related regulations in our legal system by reference to the aforesaid law.