英國學派發展之研究－探討其對國際社會、制度與研究方法之觀點

Abstract

國際關係學雖然起源於英國，但二次大戰結束後，隨著美國成為世界強權，以及英國國際地位的下滑，其在國際關係學術中的地位也同樣拱手讓給了美國。從此以後，以「美國中心觀」的國際關係理論一直主導著國際關係學的研究方向。但是，有一批不滿以「美國中心觀」的英國國際關係學者在20世紀的60年代之後，對美國學者的研究方法與相關理論進行挑戰，並提出了許多有價值的理論，他們被稱之為「英國學派」，其研究成果已經逐漸引起其他國家的國際關係學界之重視。雖然如此，在國際關係學的研究領域中，此學派仍然是一個陌生的名詞。然而由於此學派為國際關係學術界中唯一非美國的學派，其主張有別於美國的觀點與視野來理解及研究國際關係，因此我們有必要對其加以探討。

The study of International Relations originated from England, where the Britons had kept their lead until the rise of the United States in the wake of World War II in tandem with the fall of England’s international standing. Since then, the U.S.-centered perceptive dominated the study of the International Relations. However, after the 1960’s, some British scholars who dissatisfied “the U.S.-centered perceptive” proposed the method of study, viewpoint of theory and value driven which are different from the dominant American scholars to discuss the questions of international relation systemically and in depth and created fruitful theory results that are getting attention among academic field. Despite that, to this day, the English School remains an obscure term and its thought and arguments are not well known to scholars of International Relations. However, due to the only non American scholar school in international relations among the academic field, its study and contention is different from the perspective and the view point of American scholars.