Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/98664
題名: 臺灣參與區域整合之研究: 利益團體觀點分析
Research on Taiwan’s Participation of Regional Integration: From the Perspective of Interest Groups
作者: 連玉蘋
貢獻者: 魏艾
連玉蘋
關鍵詞: 區域經濟整合
ECFA早收
海峽兩岸服務貿易協議
利益團體
避免損失
日期: 2016
上傳時間: 1-Jul-2016
摘要: 本論文為臺灣參與區域整合的政治經濟分析,以「理性選擇途徑」作為研究途徑,探討利益團體面對ECFA早收與服貿協議談判所呈現的不同行為模式,運用堅田沙織及索莉思的論點,來說明臺灣參與區域經濟整合的過程,先由ECFA早收談判作為切入點,再進入《海峽兩岸服務貿易協議》的評析,最後提出研究發現與研究建議。\n 本論文探討的核心是經貿政策的動能(依變相),在自變相方面,本論文討論兩項:動員觸發(mobilization triggers)的來源,以及利益團體的需求一致性(demand coherence)。動員觸發來源方面分為「避免損失」與「獲取利益」。若引發一項經貿政策的原因為「避免損失」,國內利益團體容易動員並進而支持經貿政策;但若為「獲取利益」,則動員動能較低。此外,另一自變相「需求一致性」,若利益團體的需求一致性愈大,經貿政策也愈容易成功。換言之,堅田沙織及索莉思的論述是,唯有避免損失,以及利益團體高度合作下,經貿政策才得以快速且成功地形成。此外,由單一政府單位長期溝通的產業,較容易凝聚共識;另外產品項目愈少、愈不擔心對等開放的產業,較易形成共識。\n 在兩種情境中,可以看到利益團體動員的動能,從訴求「避免損失」的角度,利益團體動員動能強,是ECFA早收談判順利完成並生效的重要因素;相較於訴求「獲取利益」的服貿協議談判,因為「獲取利益」的訴求不容易獲得人民的支持,產業團體的動員程度相對消極,且服務業樣態龐雜,需求一致性無法型塑,產業支持的聲音無法形成推動服貿協議通過的力量,這是造成服貿協議無法順利簽署的重要原因。在研究建議中,本論文亦建議未來在面對的大型區域整合TPP,應以「避免損失」的訴求,強化宣傳力道;在臺灣無法加入TPP可能遭受的衝擊部分,後續可針對臺灣的重點產業之全球供應鏈情形,搭配原產地規則,進行全面性的完整評估,並且與利益團體高度合作,以凝聚社會共識。\n目前關於ECFA研究的文獻,多為經濟分析為主,分析ECFA對臺灣經濟之影響;亦或以國際政治的層次為主,研究ECFA對兩岸關係的影響,然卻缺乏ECFA簽署過程中國內利益團體互動之文獻;此外關於ECFA順利簽署的原因,國內利益團體互動的過程,相關文獻也付之闕如。因此,本論文研究ECFA協商的過程中,利益團體追求利益極大化所形成的集體困境,更重要的是釐清個體(在此為利益團體)受到ECFA驅動的主要訴求,以及此訴求對於ECFA協商過程的影響,著眼於國內政治對於ECFA的型塑過程,希望對ECFA政治經濟分析有所助益。
This paper presents a political and economic analysis of Taiwan’s participation in regional economic integration, adopting the rational choice approach, and seeking to explore the different behavior models displayed by various interest groups in relation to the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) “Early Harvest Plan” and Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement (CSSTA), using the ideas developed by Katada Saori and Mireya Solis to explain Taiwan’s involvement in the process of regional economic integration. The study takes the ECFA “Early Harvest Plan” negotiations as its starting point, before moving on to examine the CSSTA.\nThe core focus of the study is on the drivers of foreign trade policy (which are taken as the dependent variable). As regards independent variables, the paper examines two key items: the sources of mobilization triggers, and interest group demand coherence. The sources of mobilization triggers are divided into loss prevention and obtaining benefits. If the reason for a particular foreign trade policy is loss prevention, then domestic interest groups will find it relatively easily to mobilize support for that policy; by contrast, if the reason for a policy is to obtain benefits, then there is less motivation for mobilization. Regarding the other independent variable, demand coherence, the greater the degree of interest group demand coherence, the more likely it is that the trade policy in question will be successful. As Katada and Solis put it, trade policy can only take shape rapidly and successfully where there is a combination of loss prevention and a high level of collaboration among interest groups. A further point is that, where communication in relation to a given industry is undertaken by a single government agency over an extended period, it is easier to forge consensus; also, the smaller the number of product items involved, the less concern there will be about the impact of opening up that industry’s market to overseas competition, and the easier it will be to build consensus.\nExamination of the different situations in relation to the ECFA “Early Harvest Plan” and the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement (CSSTA) shows that, where the driver for interest group mobilization is the desire to prevent loss, then mobilization is more effective; this was a key factor behind the smooth completion of the ECFA “Early Harvest Plan” negotiations. By comparison with the CSSTA negotiations, where the main focus was on obtaining benefits, interest group mobilization is not effective enough to support the completion of CSSTA negotiations, because the focus of obtaining benefits couldn’t win public support and the various type of service industry covered by CSSTA; this was a key factor for the failure of CSSTA.\nOn the basis of the study’s findings, it is suggested that, in regard to the large-scale regional integration represented by the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP), the government should emphasize the loss prevention aspect to win popular support for Taiwan’s accession to the TPP, in order to make the case more convincing. Focusing on those areas where Taiwan is likely to suffer if it fails to secure membership of the TPP, a comprehensive evaluation could be undertaken of the global supply chain, rules of origin (ROO) etc. in relation to Taiwan’s key industries, combined with intensive collaboration with relevant interest groups, so as to help build consensus within society regarding the need for TPP membership.\nTo date, most of the research that has been published regarding ECFA has focused either on economic analysis (analyzing the economic impact of ECFA on Taiwan) or on the foreign relations aspect (examining the impact of ECFA on “cross-strait” relations between Taiwan and China). Very little research has appeared in the literature regarding the interaction between interest groups in Taiwan during the process leading up to the signing of ECFA, or regarding the reasons why it was possible for the negotiation and signing of ECFA to proceed as smoothly as it did. In an attempt to help fill this gap in the literature, the present study examines the collective action problems presented by interest groups’ pursuit of benefit maximization during the process of negotiating the ECFA agreement and, more importantly, the study seeks to clarify the main demands made by individual actors (i.e. interest groups) in relation to the stimulus provided by the ECFA negotiations, and the impact that these demands had on the negotiations, focusing on the ways in which domestic politics influenced the formation of ECFA. It is anticipated that the study will make a positive contribution towards furthering the political and economic analysis of ECFA.
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描述: 博士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
96260501
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096260501
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

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