中國部入風險社會與政府管理轉型─以SARS事件為例

Abstract

當貝克(Ulrich Beck)的[風險社會]成為一個日益流行的概念, 並透過中國SARS疫情為社會大眾深刻感受後,說當代中國已經進入一個[風險社會], 絕對不是危言聳聽. 改革開放以來,中國政府從中央到地方的管理思維都一切以經濟建設為中心, 官員仕途唯GDP是問,加上中國一貫[政治掛帥]氛圍及新聞管制措施, 無可避免地造成SARS出現伊始, 各方面無法及時充分了解疫情, 導致危機迅速蔓延. SARS事件暴露了傳統政府的管理體制無法應對[風險社會]的挑戰. 本文擬以SARS事件為例, 探討風險社會的特質, 中國政府體制的問題,經濟成長掛帥的後遺症, 以及[胡溫體制]在SARS事件後對政府管理轉型進行新的宣示, 如何因行政體制弊端而面臨相同困境.

As the concept of Ulrich Beck`s risk society becomes more popular and after the Chinese SARS outbreak experience, to say that China is stepping into a risk society is an understatement. After the Reform, economic development has been the main focus of Chinese government administration from central to local levels. Officials` main concern has been GPD and China`s emphasis on politics and news censorship. The beginning of the SARS outbreak was not fully understood and studied in time, facilitating the spread of the disease and exposing the lack of capacity in traditional Chinese governance. This article attempts to discuss: characteristics of the risk society; problems of the Chinese government system; the impact of exclusive focus on economic development; Hu-Wen policies regarding management transition after the SARS crisis; and dilemmas facing the system.