情感因素對人口遷移的影響：以居住在東莞與上海地區的外省台灣人為例

Abstract

「中國大陸的外省台灣人」是一個對學術上人口流動與實務上兩岸民間交流都有貢獻的議題。然而由於這個議題涉及敏感的統獨與認同爭議，在國內相關的討論並不多。本文根據筆者於2004-2005年於東莞與上海的田野調查、2005-2008期間各種通訊聯繫，以及2008年的再度訪視得來的資料，目的在討論外省台灣人遷移到中國大陸的動機與生活。筆者初步發現，雖然受訪者來自不同的社會經濟地位與家庭背景，對台灣政治發展的不滿與對中國大陸社會發展的疏離，形成了一種「雙重邊緣」的失落感。\\r當大部分移民研究與台商研究認為，移居者（台商）是以務實的角度看待地主國（中國大陸）的發展，以「追求更高經濟利益」來選擇移居地並思考自己在移居地的未來時，本研究發現此一解釋並不能充分說明受訪者的經驗。移居前，受訪者容易因為對地主國（中國大陸）有較多的情感聯繫，加上對母國（台灣）政治變化的不滿，在不同程度上將移居大陸視為躲避台灣政治風暴的好方法；移居後，受訪者透過實際生活經驗卻發現，真實的中國早已脫離了自己的記憶與想像。對台灣的政治發展與在大陸當地生活經驗的雙重失望，是促受訪者離開台灣，卻也無法融入當地社會的主因。此一發現，為未來的移民研究與台商研究提出了一個不同的思考方向。

Whilst most research on international migration stresses the importance of economic concern in their motivation and adaptation, this research discusses the influence of emotional concern in migration. This paper uses data gathered in Dongguan and Shanghai in 2004-2005, continuous contacts with the respondents in 2005-2008, and re-visits in 2008 to explore the their migration. Respondents are the ones (or their descendents) originating from China, settling down in Taiwan since the late 1940s, and moving to Dongguan or Shanghai in the 1990s. By examine the life of 17 respondents, I argue that the emotional concern play an important role in triggering their move from Taiwan but barring their settlement in China. Due to their family origins from China and the climate Taiwan’s anti-China politics, respondents regarded China as shelter to keep away from the annoying politics in Taiwan before they moved. However, their life in China is much different from what they expected. Respondents’ experience in China is similar to the Rip Van Winkle’s back home. All things become familiar, different, and absurd at the same time. Although feeling politically excluded from Taiwan, respondents are unwilling to participate in local society due to this disillusion. These findings, the influence of emotional concern in migration, shed lights on the migration and China studies.