從現實主義國家認同談本土化與統一

Abstract

現實主義國家認同包括兩點，其一是物質利益，由此產生工具性國家認同，其二是體制信賴，由此產生規範性國家認同。吳玉山曾指出，威權國家倘開始實現經濟增長，其民主化會經歷先難後易的演變。本文參考此論點提出兩種模型，其一用以解釋本土化發展，即規範性本土需求與工具性本土政黨上台需求，共同促成了本土勢力的執政。其二用以解釋兩岸統獨前景，即規範性中國認同與工具性中國認同的發展過程，形成統一可能性的先降後升。

The two factors of Realist National Identity are material benefit, as defined “instrumental national identity”, and the regime reliability, as defined “normative identity”. Under analyses by Yu-shan Wu, an authoritarian regime once start to modernization, the demands for democracy by the people will reduce before increase. Inspired by this viewpoint, this essay extended two models. The first is “localization model” which explained the development of localization of Taiwan politics, under which, the power shift from KMT to the “local power” results not only from “normative localization” but also from the “instrumental localization”. The second is “unification model” that explained the trend of unification. The unification possibility faded before but then encouraged by the ongoing modernization of China, including the expanded political participation that let the “normative unification” become possible, and the converge lifestyle that let the “instrumental unification” seem attractive.