Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99467
題名: 依附品質對高中職青少年身體意象與自尊的影響
The impact of attachment on the body image and self-esteem of high school teenagers
作者: 巫宜靜
Wu, Yi Ching
貢獻者: 李宗芹<br>姜忠信
巫宜靜
Wu, Yi Ching
關鍵詞: 依附品質
身體意象
自尊
青少年
attachment quality
body image
self-esteem
adolescents
日期: 2016
上傳時間: 21-七月-2016
摘要: 研究目的:本研究旨在探究高中職青少年依附品質對身體意象與自尊的影響。\n\n研究方法:以便利取樣的方式對台灣五所高中職之740位學生進行依附關係、身體意象與自尊的測量。\n\n研究結果:研究結果發現依附品質會因性別、學制及年級有顯著差異;身體意象亦因性別、學制、身體質量指數及年級有所不同;而自尊也因性別有顯著差異。由階層迴歸及路徑分析得知焦慮依附與逃避依附除了對身體滿意度、外表取向及自尊有直接效果外,也會間接透過身體滿意度及外表取向影響自尊。在依附關係中不管是逃避依附或焦慮依附傾向高者,皆會對自己身體感到不滿意;焦慮依附者較重視外表取向,逃避依附者則反之。本研究也發現身體滿意度和外表取向都對自尊有直接的影響力。身體滿意度越低者,自尊也會較低,而較重視外表則能微幅提高自尊,不過身體滿意度對自尊的影響仍大於外表取向的影響力。\n\n研究結論:對高中職的學生而言,逃避依附者的身體不滿意感、避免外表打扮的取向會間接降低自尊;焦慮依附的身體不滿意感雖然會降低自尊,不過其重視外表取向的行為則又微幅提升自尊。依據研究結果,本研究認為提升青少年安全的依附品質可能有助提升身體滿意度及自尊。
Purpose: This study was to explore how one’s attachment quality influences his/her body image and self-esteem.\n\nMethod: The participants included 344 male and 396 female students from 5 different senior high schools in Taiwan. The ECR-RS scale, MBSRQ and Rosenberg self-esteem scale were used to collect the attachment quality, body image and self-esteem.\n\nResult: The result indicated that firstly, the attachment quality of senior high school students varied significantly when it comes to different genders, school properties and grades. Secondly, the body image of the participants also showed notably dissimilarity in different genders, school properties, BMIs and grades. Lastly, gender differences were also noted when it comes to the levels of one’s self-esteem. The results of hierarchical regression analysis and path analysis supported the research assumption that body image mediated the attachment quality and self-esteem. Anxious attachment would show higher relevance to one’s body dissatisfaction as well as higher appearance orientation; while avoidant attachment would only suggest positive correlation with body dissatisfaction but lower appearance orientation. \nThe results of this study also showed that how much one’s level of body satisfaction as well as the level of his/her appearance-orientation can also influence his/her self-esteem. Self-esteem decreased much relevantly with one’s level of body satisfaction while those with higher appearance-orientation also showed some increased level of self-esteem. However, body satisfaction, overall, was found to show greater influence on one’s level of self-esteem than the appearance-orientation.\nHence, on the one hand, the individuals with avoidant attachment style tended to be dissatisfied with their body and to also become less appearance-orientated. This tendency decreased their self-esteem indirectly. One the other hand, even though the ones with anxious attachment style showed decreased self-esteem due to their body dissatisfaction, however, their appearance-oriented behavior somewhat helped increase the level of their self-esteem to a certain degree. \nIn conclusion, to increase the level of secure attachment among adolescents help increase the level of their self-esteem while decreasing the feeling of their body dissatisfaction.
參考文獻: 一、中文部分\n中央社(2014)。每天照鏡子助青少紓壓解憂鬱。蕃薯藤。取自http://www.genesys.tw/life_1_show.asp?top=life&title_seq=3&area_seq=13&seq=10794\n文星蘭(2004)。高中職學生身體意象與減重意圖之研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北護理學院,臺北市。\n尤嫣嫣(2001)。由身體意象觀點談體重控制計畫。學校衛生,(38),56–69。\n余民寧(2006)。潛在變項模式:SIMPLIS的應用。高等教育文化事業,台北市。\n李幸玲(2004)。高雄市高職學生自尊、身體意象及性行為的研究(未出版碩士論文)。中國文化大學,臺北市。\n林杏足(2003)。青少年自尊量表編製報告。測驗學刊,50(2),223–256。\n林作慶、張志銘、許弘毅、賴永成(2012)。十二週運動介入對體重控制班學生身體組成與身體意象影響之研究。運動與遊憩研究,6(3),20–29。\n林楷庭(2016)。不同依戀風格者在羅夏克墨漬測驗上的表現:Fonagy精神分析理論的檢證(未出版碩士論文)。國立政治大學,台北市。\n洪穎晨(2014)。新北市高中職生休閒參與、生活壓力與憂鬱程度相關因素之探討(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。\n徐世秋(2009)。台北市高中職學生性別角色、社會影響因素與身體意象關係之研究。中國文化大學,臺北市。\n紀櫻珍、吳龍、洪嘉蔚、吳維峰、陳怡樺、邱弘毅(2010)。臺北市高中生身體意象、自尊及其憂鬱之相關研究。學校衛生,57,41–66。\n郭乃真、林耀豐(2008)。運動介入訓練對國小高年級學童身體意象、自尊與身體活動之影響。屏東教大運動科學學刊,4,75–86。\n郭佩芳(2009)。青少年性別角色特質、身體意象與自尊關係之研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。\n許雅楓(2014)。老人依附傾向、依附對象、生命意義和憂鬱之關係研究(未出版碩士論文)。屏東教育大學,屏東縣。\n莊宗運(2014)。高中職生知覺父母婚姻關係、親子關係與人際關係之研究─以大台北地區為例(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。\n陸洛(2003)。人我關係之界定—「折衷自我」的現身。本土心理學,20,139–207。\n陳忠勝、卓俊伶(2007)。身體活動與身體意象的性別差異。中華體育季刊,21(3),27–35。\n陳美伶(2003)。生命教育融入英文教學對高中生自尊、自我概念、英語學習動機之影響研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄。\n陳美華(2011)。身體意象與自尊的關係模式及運動介入模式。中華體育季刊,25(1),60–70。\n黃玉蓮、陳淑惠(2011)。成人依戀量表臺灣修訂版的心理計量特性與預測心理適應之探討。中華心理學刊,53(2),209–227。\n黃思嘉(2014)。高中職學生依附風格、生涯信念與生涯決定困難之相關研究(未出版碩士論文)。臺灣師範大學,臺北市。\n黃囇莉、張錦華(2005)。台灣民眾的身體意象及其預測因子:人際壓力、媒體信任作為中介變項。中華心理學刊,47(3),269–287。\n楊中芳等譯(1997)。性格與社會心理測量總覽(上)。台北。\n楊嘉惠、林耀豐(2011)。不同性別其身體意象差異性之探討。屏東教大體育,14, 162–171。\n詹淑敏(2005)。不同身體質量指數青少年身體心像相關性研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北護理學院,臺北市。\n溫凰鈴(2010)。男女性對異性身材偏好的差異(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。\n葉麗珠(2005)。青少年身體意象、社會影響因素、運動參與行為與自尊之相關研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立體育大學,台中。\n賈文玲(2001)。青少年身體意象與自尊、社會因素關係之研究(未出版碩士論文)。中國文化大學,台北市。\n劉千睿(2008)。母女溝通模式對青春期少女身體意象、自尊及飲食態度之影響(未出版碩士論文)。國立中正大學,嘉義縣。\n蕭伊真(2011)。高中生父親管教、自尊與其憂鬱程度之研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立嘉義大學,嘉義縣。\n鍾國源(2009)。多元升學制度下高雄市國中畢業生升學選擇之研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。\n \n二、英文部分\nAinsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of At-tachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. lawrence erlbum as-sociates.\nAl Sabbah, H., Vereecken, C. A., Elgar, F. J., Nansel, T., Aasvee, K., Abdeen, Z., … Maes, L. (2009). Body weight dissatisfaction and communication with parents among adolescents in 24 countries: international cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 52. http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-52\nArchibald, A. B., Graber, J. A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1999). Associations Among Par-ent-Adolescent Relationships, Pubertal Growth, Dieting, and Body Image in... Journal of Research on Adolescence (Lawrence Erlbaum), 9(4), 395.\nAvalos, L., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. (2005). The Body Appreciation Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 2(3), 285–297. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002\nBaldwin, M., Fehr, B., Keedian, E., Seidel, M., & Thomson, D. (1993). An explora-tion of the relational schemata underlying attachment styles: Self-report and lex-ical decision approaches. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19(6), 746.\nBarker, E. T., & Galambos, N. L. (2003). Body Dissatisfaction of Adolescent Girls and Boys: Risk and Resource Factors. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 23(2), 141–165. http://doi.org/10.1177/0272431603023002002\nBartholomew, K., & Horowitz (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226–244. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226\nBearman, S., Presnell, K., Martinez, E., & Stice, E. (2006). The Skinny on Body Dis-satisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 35(2), 217–229. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-9010-9\nBefort (2001). Body image, self-esteem, and weight-related criticism from romantic partners. Journal of College Student Personnel, 42(5), 407–419.\nBentler, P. M., & Chou, C.-P. (1987). Practical Issues in Structural Modeling. Socio-logical Methods & Research, 16(1), 78–117. http://doi.org/10.1177/0049124187016001004\nBirkeland, M. S., Melkevik, O., Holsen, I., & Wold, B. (2012). Trajectories of global self-esteem development during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 35(1), 43–54. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.06.006\nBowlby, J. (1958). The nature of the child’s tie to his mother. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39(5), 350–73.\nBowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss (2nd ed). New York: Basic Books.\nBrennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. Attachment theory and close rela-tionships, 46–76.\nBrennan, K. A., & Morns, K. A. (1997). Attachment Styles, Self-Esteem, and Patterns of Seeking Feedback from Romantic Partners. Personality and Social Psycholo-gy Bulletin, 23(1), 23–31. http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297231003\nBrown, T. A., Cash, T. F., & Mikulka, P. J. (1990). Attitudinal Body-Image Assess-ment: Factor Analysis of the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(1/2), 135.\nByely, L., & Archibald, A. B. (2000). A Prospective Study of Familial and Social In-fluences on Girls’ Body Image and Dieting. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28(2), 155–164.\nCalzo, J. P., Sonneville, K. R., Haines, J., Blood, E. A., Field, A. E., & Austin, S. B. (2012). The Development of Associations Among Body Mass Index, Body Dis-satisfaction, and Weight and Shape Concern in Adolescent Boys and Girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(5), 517–523. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.021\nCampbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological bulletin, 56(2), 81.\nCash (2000). MBSRQ user’s manual (3rd.ed). Norfolk, VA: Old Dominion Univer.\nCash, T. F. (2005). The Influence of Sociocultural Factors on Body Image: Searching for Constructs. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12(4), 438–442. http://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpi055\nCash, T. F. (2008). The body image workbook an eight-step program for learning to like your looks (2nd ed. .). Oakland, Calif: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.\nCash, T. F., Melnyk, S. E., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2004). The assessment of body image investment: An extensive revision of the appearance schemas inventory. Interna-tional Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(3), 305–316.\nCash, T. F., Thériault, J., & Annis, N. M. (2004). Body Image in an Interpersonal Context: Adult Attachment, Fear of Intimacy, and Social Anxiety. Journal of So-cial & Clinical Psychology, 23(1), 89–103.\nChang, F. M., Jarry, J. L., & Kong, M. A. (2014). Appearance investment mediates the association between fear of negative evaluation and dietary restraint. Body Image, 11(1), 72–76. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.11.002\nCheng, H.-L., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2009). Parental bonds, anxious attachment, media internalization, and body image dissatisfaction: Exploring a mediation model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3), 365–375. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0015067\nChin, Y. S., Taib, M. N. M., Shariff, Z. M., & Khor, G. L. (2008). Development of multi-dimensional body image scale for malaysian female adolescents. Nutrition research and practice, 2(2), 85–92.\nChubb, N. H., & Fertman, C. I. (1997). Adolescent self-esteem and locus of control: A longitudinal study of gender and age differences. Adolescence, 32(125), 113.\nClay, D., Vignoles, V. L., & Dittmar, H. (2005). Body Image and Self-Esteem Among Adolescent Girls: Testing the Influence of Sociocultural Factors. Journal of Re-search on Adolescence (Wiley-Blackwell), 15(4), 451–477. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2005.00107.x\nCohen, D. (1996). Family factors in the development of disordered eating in young women, 222 p.\nCole-Detke, H., & Kobak, R. (1996). Attachment processes in eating disorder and de-pression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(2), 282–290. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.2.282\nCollins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relation-ship quality in dating couples. Journal of personality and social psychology, 58(4), 644.\nCollins, & allard (2003). Cognitive Representations of Attachment: The Content and Function of Working Models, 60–85.\nCrespo, C., Kielpikowski, M., Jose, P. E., & Pryor, J. (2010). Relationships between family connectedness and body satisfaction: a longitudinal study of adolescent girls and boys. Journal Of Youth And Adolescence, 39(12), 1392–1401. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9433-9\nCrowell, J. A., Chris, R., & Shaver, P. R. (2008). Measurement of individual differ-ences in adolescent and adult attachment. J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (eds), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.) (p 599–634). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.\nDion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(3), 285–290. http://doi.org/10.1037/h0033731\nDion, J., Blackburn, M.-E., Auclair, J., Laberge, L., Veillette, S., Gaudreault, M., … Touchette, É. (2015). Development and aetiology of body dissatisfaction in ado-lescent boys and girls. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 20(2), 151–166. http://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2014.985320\nDoinita, N. E. (2015). Adult Attachment, Self-esteem and Emotional Intelligence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 187, 570–574. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.106\nEggert, J., Levendosky, A., & Klump, K. (2007). Relationships among attachment styles, personality characteristics, and disordered eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(2), 149–155. http://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20351\nElbrecht, C., & Antcliff, L. (2015). Being in Touch: Healing Developmental and At-tachment Trauma at the Clay Field. Children Australia, 40(3), 209–220. http://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2015.30\nElgin, J., & Pritchard, M. (2006). Adult Attachment and Disordered Eating in Under-graduate Men and Women. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 21(2), 25–40. http://doi.org/10.1300/J035v21n02_05\nEvans, L., & Wertheim, E. H. (1998). Intimacy patterns and relationship satisfaction of women with eating problems and the mediating effects of depression, trait anxiety and social anxiety. Journal of psychosomatic research, 44(3), 355–365.\nFeldman, R., Weller, A., Sirota, L., & Eidelman, A. I. (2003). Testing a family inter-vention hypothesis: The contribution of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact (kan-garoo care) to family interaction, proximity, and touch. Journal of Family Psy-chology, 17(1), 94–107. http://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.17.1.94\nFish, M. (2001). Attachment in low-SES rural Appalachian infants: Contextual, infant, and maternal interaction risk and protective factors. Infant Mental Health Jour-nal, 22(6), 641–664. http://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.1024\nFlorian, V., & Mikulincer, M. (1995). Effects of adult attachment style on the percep-tion and search for social support. Journal of Psychology, 129(6), 665.\nFonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Mary,Targe (2004). Affect Regulation, Mentali-zation, and the Development of the Self. New York: Other Press Professional.\nFoster, S. F., Slade, P., & Wilson, K. (1996). Body image, maternal fetal attachment, and breast feeding. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41(2), 181–184. http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(96)00035-9\nFraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011). The ex-periences in close relationships—Relationship Structures Questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 615–625. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0022898\nFraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical devel-opments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions. Review of General Psychology, 4(2), 132–154. http://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.132\nFulkerson, J. A., Strauss, J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., & Boutelle, K. (2007). Correlates of psychosocial well-being among overweight adolescents: The role of the family. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(1), 181–186. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.75.1.181\nGeorge, Kaplan, & Main (1985). The Adult Attachment Interview. University of Cali-fornia at Berkeley. \nGhaderi, A. (2003). Structural modeling analysis of prospective risk factors for eating disorder. Eating Behaviors, 3(4), 387–396. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-0153(02)00089-2\nGoodall, K. (2015). Individual differences in the regulation of positive emotion: The role of attachment and self esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 208–213. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.033\nGoossens, L., Braet, C., Van Durme, K., Decaluwé, V., & Bosmans, G. (2012). The Parent–Child Relationship as Predictor of Eating Pathology and Weight Gain in Preadolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41(4), 445–457. http://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.660690\nGorrese, A., & Ruggieri, R. (2013). Peer attachment and self-esteem: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(5), 559–568. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.025\nGriffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994a). Models of the self and other: Fundamen-tal dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 430–445. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.430\nGriffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994b). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (eds), Attachment processes in adulthood (p 17–52). London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publish-ers.\nGuindon, M. H. (2002). Toward Accountability in the Use of the Self-Esteem Con-struct. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80(2), 204.\nHanley, F. (2004). The Dynamic Body Image and the Moving Body: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation (phd). Victoria University. \nHardit, S. K., & Hannum, J. W. (2012). Attachment, the tripartite influence model, and the development of body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 9(4), 469–475. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.06.003\nHarrison, K., & Cantor, J. (1997). The relationship between media consumption and eating disorders. Journal of Communication, 47(1), 40–67. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1997.tb02692.x\nHarry F. Harlow (1959). Love in Infant Monkeys. Scientific American, 200(6), 68. http://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0659-68\nHazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment pro-cess. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511–524. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511\nHead, H., & Holmes, G. (1912). Researches INTO SENSORY DISTURBANCES FROM CEREBRAL LESIONS. The Lancet, 179(4612), 144–152. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)64942-0\nHenriques, G. R., & Calhoun, L. G. (1999). Gender and Ethnic Differences in the Re-lationship Between Body Esteem and Self-Esteem. Journal of Psychology, 133(4), 357.\nHu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. http://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118\nIp, K., & Jarry, J. L. (2008). Investment in body image for self-definition results in greater vulnerability to the thin media than does investment in appearance man-agement. Body Image, 5(1), 59–69. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.08.002\nK. Bartholomew (1990). Avoidance of Intimacy: An Attachment Perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7(2), 147–178. http://doi.org/10.1177/0265407590072001\nKeating, L., Tasca, G. A., & Hill, R. (2013). Structural relationships among attach-ment insecurity, alexithymia, and body esteem in women with eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 14(3), 366–373. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.06.013\nKim Bartholomew, & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226–244. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226\nKline, T. J. B., & Klammer, J. D. (2001). Path Model Analyzed With Ordinary Least Squares Multiple Regression Versus LISREL. Journal of Psychology, 135(2), 213.\nKoskina, N., & Giovazolias, T. (2010). The effect of attachment insecurity in the de-velopment of eating disturbances across gender: The role of body dissatisfaction. The Journal of psychology, 144(5), 449–471.\nKotler, T., Buzwell, S., Romeo, Y., & Bowland, J. (1994). Avoidant attachment as a risk factor for health. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 67, 237–245.\nLanglois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126(3), 390–423. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.390\nLee, A., & Hankin, B. L. (2009). Insecure Attachment, Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Low Self-Esteem Predicting Prospective Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety During Adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 38(2), 219–231. http://doi.org/10.1080/15374410802698396\nLev-Ari, L., Baumgarten-Katz, I., & Zohar, A. H. (2014). Show Me Your Friends, and I Shall Show You Who You Are: The Way Attachment and Social Compar-isons Influence Body Dissatisfaction. European Eating Disorders Review, 22(6), 463–469. http://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2325\nLevine, M. P., Smolak, L., Moodey, A. F., Shuman, M. D., & Hessen, L. D. (1994). Normative Developmental Challenges and Dieting and Eating Disturbances in Middle School Girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 15(1), 11–20.\nMain, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood: A Move to the Level of Representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1/2), 66–104. http://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5834.ep11889989\nMak, M. C. K., Bond, M. H., Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (2010). Adult Attach-ment, Perceived Support, and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese and American Cultures. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 29(2), 144–165.\nMcCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2003). Socioculture Influences on Body Image and Body Changes Among Adolescent Boys and Girls. Journal of Social Psy-chology, 143(1), 5–26.\nMcCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2004). Body image dissatisfaction among males across the lifespan. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(6), 675–685. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00129-6\nMcDonald, K., & Thompson, J. K. (1992). Eating Disturbance, Body Image Dissatis-faction, and Reasons for Exercising: Gender Differences and Correlational Find-ings. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11(3), 289–292.\nMellor, D., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2010). Body Image and Self-Esteem Across Age and Gender: A Short-Term Longitu-dinal Study. Sex Roles, 63(9/10), 672–681. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9813-3\nMikulincer, M. (1997). Adult attachment style and information processing: Individual differences in curiosity and cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(5), 1217–1230. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.5.1217\nMikulincer, M. (1998). Attachment working models and the sense of trust: An explo-ration of interaction goals and affect regulation. Journal of Personality and So-cial Psychology, 74(5), 1209–1224. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1209\nMikulincer, M., & Orbach, I. (1995). Attachment styles and repressive defensiveness: The accessibility and architecture of affective memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(5), 917–925. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.917\nMikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynam-ics, and Change. Guilford Publications.\nMikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Sapir-Lavid, Y., & Avihou-Kanza, N. (2009). What’s inside the minds of securely and insecurely attached people? The secure-base script and its associations with attachment-style dimensions. Journal of Person-ality and Social Psychology, 97(4), 615–633. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0015649\nMillings, A., Buck, R., Montgomery, A., Spears, M., & Stallard, P. (2012). School connectedness, peer attachment, and self-esteem as predictors of adolescent de-pression. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 1061–1067. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.02.015\nMorrison, M. A., Morrison, T. G., & Sager, C.-L. (2004). Does body satisfaction dif-fer between gay men and lesbian women and heterosexual men and women?: A meta-analytic review. Body Image, 1(2), 127–138. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.01.002\nMorrison, T. G., Kalin, R., & Morrison, M. A. (2004). Body-Image Evaluation and Body-Image Among Adolescents: A Test of Sociocultural and Social Compari-son Theories. Adolescence, 39(155), 571–592.\nMukai, T. (1996). Mothers, Peers, and Perceived Pressure to Diet Among Japanese Adolescent Girls. Journal of Research on Adolescence (Lawrence Erlbaum), 6(3), 309–324.\nMusaiger, A. O., Bin Zaal, A. A., & D’Souza, R. (2012). Body weight perception among adolescents in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Nutr Hosp, 27(6), 1966–72.\nNelis, S. M., & Rae, G. (2009). Brief report: Peer attachment in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 32(2), 443–447. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.03.006\nNeumark-Sztainer, D., Bauer, K. W., Friend, S., Hannan, P. J., Story, M., & Berge, J. M. (2010). Family Weight Talk and Dieting: How Much Do They Matter for Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Adolescent Girls? Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(3), 270–276. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.02.001\nNeumark-Sztainer, D., Paxton, S. J., Hannan, P. J., Haines, J., & Story, M. (2006). Does Body Satisfaction Matter? Five-year Longitudinal Associations between Body Satisfaction and Health Behaviors in Adolescent Females and Males. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(2), 244–251. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.12.001\nOgden, J., & Mundray, K. (1996). The Effect of the Media on Body Satisfaction: the Role of Gender and Size. European Eating Disorders Review, 4(3), 171–182.\nPark, L. E., Crocker, J., & Mickelson, K. D. (2004). Attachment Styles and Contin-gencies of Self-Worth. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(10), 1243–1254. http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204264000\nPark, W. (2009). Parental Attachment Among Korean-American Adolescents. Part of a special issue: Attachment Theory and its Application to Practice, 26(4), 307–319. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-009-0164-2\nPark, W., & Epstein, N. B. (2013). The longitudinal causal directionality between body image distress and self-esteem among Korean adolescents: The moderating effect of relationships with parents. Journal of Adolescence, 36(2), 403–411. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.01.002\nPassanisi, A., Gervasi, A. M., Madonia, C., Guzzo, G., & Greco, D. (2015). Attach-ment, Self-Esteem and Shame in Emerging Adulthood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 342–346. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.552\nPatton, S. C., Beaujean, A. A., & Benedict, H. E. (2014). Parental bonds, attachment anxiety, media susceptibility, and body dissatisfaction: A mediation model. De-velopmental Psychology, 50(8), 2124–2133. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0037111\nPaxton, E. H., Werthei., Kay, Gibbons, George I., Szmukler,Lynne, Hillier, Janic. L., Petrovic. (1991). Body image satisfaction, dieting beliefs, and weight loss be-haviors in adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20(3), 361–379.\nPietromonaco, P. R., Uchino, B., & Dunkel Schetter, C. (2013). Close Relationship Processes and Health: Implications of Attachment Theory for Health and Disease. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, Amer-ican Psychological Association, 32(5), 499–513. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0029349\nPolivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (2002). Causes of Eating Disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 187.\nReddy, S. L., & Burns, L. D. (2011). Preventing body dissatisfaction among young women. management, 20(2), 21–22.\nRicciardelli, L. A. (2012). Body Image Development – Adolescent Boys. Cash (eds), Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance (p 180–186). Oxford: Academic Press. \nRicciardelli, L. A., McCabe, M. P., Holt, K. E., & Finemore, J. (2003). A biopsycho-social model for understanding body image and body change strategies among children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 475–495. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(03)00070-4\nRoberts, A., Cash, T. F., Feingold, A., & Johnson, B. T. (2006). Are black-white dif-ferences in females’ body dissatisfaction decreasing? A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 1121–1131. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1121\nRobins, R. W., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2005). Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan. Current Directions in Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 14(3), 158–162. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00353.x\nRobinson, T. N., Killen, J. D., Litt, I. F., Hammer, L. D., Wilson, D. M., Haydel, K. F., … Taylor, C. B. (1996). Ethnicity and body dissatisfaction: Are Hispanic and Asian girls at increased risk for eating disorders? Journal of Adolescent Health, 19(6), 384–393. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00087-0\nRodgers, R., & Chabrol, H. (2009). Parental attitudes, body image disturbance and disordered eating amongst adolescents and young adults: A review. European Eating Disorders Review, 17(2), 137–151. http://doi.org/10.1002/erv.907\nRosenberg, M. (1972). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Prince-ton University Press.\nRosenblum, G. D., & Lewis, M. (1999). The relations among body image, physical attractiveness, and body mass in adolescence. Child Development, 70(1), 50–64.\nRothbard, & Shaver (1994). Continuity of attachment across the life span. M. B. Sperling & W. H. Berman (eds), Attachment in Adults: Clinical and Develop-mental Perspectives (p 31–71). New York, NY: Guilford Press.\nRudiger, J. A., Cash, T. F., Roehrig, M., & Thompson, J. K. (2007). Day-to-day body-image states: Prospective predictors of intra-individual level and variability. Body Image, 4(1), 1–9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.11.004\nSchwartz, D. J., Phares, V., Tantleff-Dunn, S., & Thompson, J. K. (1999). Body im-age, psychological functioning, and parental feedback regarding physical ap-pearance. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 25(3), 339–343. http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199904)25:3<339::AID-EAT13>3.0.CO;2-V\nSharpe, T. M., Killen, J. D., Bryson, S. W., Shisslak, C. M., Estes, L. S., Gray, N., … Taylor, C. B. (1998). Attachment style and weight concerns in preadolescent and adolescent girls. The International Journal Of Eating Disorders, 23(1), 39–44.\nSiegel, J. M., Yancey, A. K., Aneshensel, C. S., & Schuler, R. (1999). Body image, perceived pubertal timing, and adolescent mental health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 25(2), 155–165. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00160-8\nSira, N. (2003). Body image: Relationship to attachment, body mass index and dietary practices among college students. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni-versity. \nSlade, P. D. (1994). What is body image? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32(5), 497–502. http://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)90136-8\nSmolak, L. (2004). Body image in children and adolescents: where do we go from here? Body Image, 1(1), 15–28. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00008-1\nSpieker, & Booth, C.L. (1988). Maternal antecedents of attachment quality. Belsky (eds), Clinical Implications of Attachment. Psychology Press.\nSrivastava, S., & Beer, J. S. (2005). How self-evaluations relate to being liked by oth-ers: Integrating sociometer and attachment perspectives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 966–977. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.966\nSuldo, S. M., & Sandberg, D. A. (2000). Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among College Women. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 15(1), 59.\nThe GOAL Study Group, Schneider, S., Weiß, M., Thiel, A., Werner, A., Mayer, J., … Diehl, K. (2013). Body dissatisfaction in female adolescents: extent and correlates. European Journal of Pediatrics, 172(3), 373–384. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-012-1897-z\nThompson (1990). Body image disturbance: assessment and treatment.\nTiggemann, M., & Pennington, B. (1990). The development of gender differences in body-size dissatisfaction. Australian Psychologist, 25(3), 306–313. http://doi.org/10.1080/00050069008260025\nTiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2013). NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and body im-age concern in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(6), 630–633. http://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22141\nTsagarakis, M., Kafetsios, K., & Stalikas, A. (2007). Reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Revised Experiences in Close Relationships Measure of Adult Attachment. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(1), 47–55. http://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.1.47\nTy, M., & Francis, A. J. (2013). Insecure attachment and disordered eating in women: The mediating processes of social comparison and emotion dysregulation. Eating disorders, 21(2), 154–174.\nvan den Berg, P. (2012). Body Weight and Body Image in Children and Adolescents. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance (p 270–274). Elsevier. \nvan den Berg, P. A., Mond, J., Eisenberg, M., Ackard, D., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2010). The Link Between Body Dissatisfaction and Self-Esteem in Adolescents: Similarities Across Gender, Age, Weight Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeco-nomic Status. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(3), 290–296. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.02.004\nVerplanken, B., & Tangelder, Y. (2011). No body is perfect: The significance of ha-bitual negative thinking about appearance for body dissatisfaction, eating disor-der propensity, self-esteem and snacking. Psychology & Health, 26(6), 685–701. http://doi.org/10.1080/08870441003763246\nvon Klitzing, K., Stadelmann, S., & Perren, S. (2007). Story stem narratives of clini-cal and normal kindergarten children: Are content and performance associated with children’s social competence? Attachment & Human Development, 9(3), 271–286. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616730701455445\nWallin, D. J. (2007). Attachment in Psychotherapy. The Guilford Press.\nWardle, J., & Marsland, L. (1990). Adolescent concerns about weight and eating; a social-development perspective. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 34(4), 377–391.\nWeltzin, T. E., Weisensel, N., Franczyk, D., Burnett, K., Klitz, C., & Bean, P. (2005). Eating disorders in men: update. The Journal of Men’s Health & Gender, 2(2), 186–193. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmhg.2005.04.008\nWichstrøm, L., & von Soest, T. (2016). Reciprocal relations between body satisfac-tion and self-esteem: A large 13-year prospective study of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 16–27. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.12.003\nWilkinson, R. B., & Walford, W. A. (2001). Attachment and personality in the psy-chological health of adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(4), 473–484. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00151-3\nWilliam James (1890). The Principles of Psychology. Retrievel from http://infomotions.com/sandbox/great-books-redux/corpus/html/principles.html\nWongpakaran, T., & Wongpakaran, N. (2012). A Short Version of the Revised ‘Ex-perience of Close Relationships Questionnaire’: Investigating Non-Clinical and Clinical Samples. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH, 8, 36–42. http://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901208010036\nWongpakaran, T., Wongpakaran, N., & Wedding, D. (2012). Gender differences, at-tachment styles, self-esteem and romantic relationships in Thailand. Interna-tional Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(3), 409–417. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.12.001
描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
輔導與諮商碩士學位學程(MPCG)
101172006
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101172006
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat
200601.pdf3.36 MBAdobe PDF2View/Open
Show full item record

Google ScholarTM

Check


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.