媒體控制與產業發展的辯證：中國大陸網路傳播政策之變遷動力與影響

Abstract

面對網路資訊社會的形成，各國政府紛紛解除管制以因應通訊匯流。習於控制媒體的大陸當局在網路政策上採取行政監控與產業發展並重的策略，一方面屏蔽國外的強勢網站與其中的訊息，另一方面卻扶持本地相似的網站。如此既能收市場保護主義之效，又能維持本地網路技術與國際先進水準亦步亦趨。在監管成本與統治利益之雙重考量下，大陸當局有條件地容忍網路上的眾聲喧嘩，以確保民營網路媒體能獲益於熱門互動話題的流量和點閱率，同時官方卻仍持續掌握絕對優勢的法規與技術實力，以便對可能影響政權的網路事件立刻封殺。大陸當局理性選擇了這種兼顧媒體控制與產業發展的網路傳播政策，並在施展強制措施時保持有目的的自制，以維護網路經濟之活力於不墜。雖然這種做法帶來了資訊控制的國際惡名與大陸網友的不信任危機，但是公民社會與市場經濟的力量卻已在大陸的網際網路上逐漸茁壯。

In response to the emerging information society via the Internet, governments all over the world have initiated a series of deregulations to pursue digital convergence. Chinese government also started to shift its strategy from strict media control to a more balanced way between regulatory administration and industrial development. Specifically, it blocked influential foreign websites and encouraged domestic dotcoms to provide similar services. Thus, in addition to the benefits of protectionism, China can still keep her Internet technology abreast of the international standards. Balancing between the regulation cost and the governance benefits, Chinese government conditionally tolerates diverse online speeches, which can usually increase network traffic and click counts, to nourish private Internet media, while ensures that its regulatory and technical capability are mighty enough to effectively suppress the Internet incidents against the regime. China’s rational choice of the measurements for the regulation is to maintain both Internet censorship and industrial development. The authorities tend to purposely wield their power with self-restraint to preserve the vitality of China’s Internet economics. Despite the international criticism of information control and the confidence crisis among domestic users, the civil society and market economics have been assuming power in China’s cyberspace.