冷戰後大陸總體國家安全觀研究:「國家安全委員會」及「國家安全法」案例分析

Abstract

冷戰結束後，國際環境出現巨大變化，西方國家之「國家安全委員會」的成立與發展也隨之因應而生。中共之國家安全觀論述之意涵，可謂是集中體現在對內維護國家核心利益及追求穩定與對外求生存與發展兩條主軸路線上不斷地發展及演變中。中共總書記習近平上任後所提之「總體國家安全觀」以及「國安委」之成立與「國安法」立法，無疑將作為中共統籌及協調應對大陸目前及未來所處內、外部錯綜複雜之安全環境挑戰之主要決策機制與依據。\n中共成立「國安委」絕不是偶然，從十八大以來中共在國家安全戰略一系列施展作為觀察，中共似已經預見大陸對內所極力維護之「政治安全」以確保中共政權合法性地位而所面臨之挑戰勢將更為險峻，而對外之國家安全戰略佈局又因美國主導之「亞太再平衡」戰略圍堵亦將發生新的變化與快速調整。因此「國安委」角色、功能及「國安法」在面對未來各式國家安全挑戰下，勢必將發揮關鍵性作用與影響力。\n檢視「國安委」成立意涵與「國安法」立法目的、探討冷戰以來中共總體國家安全觀之形塑、探討習近平之「總體國家安全觀」對兩岸關係未來發展及走向之影響與評估等面向，均為本論文研究重點。

Afterthe era of Cold War the international arena has been dramatically transformed and changed ever since and the establishment of National Security Committee (NSC) has been greatly in demand in Western countries. From the point of view of Communist Party of China (CPC), the continuing formation and development of concept of national security has been majorly focusing on two basic principleswhich arerespectively aiming at the purpose of defending the core of national interest and in the pursuit ofstabilityinternally as well as to assure sustainability and national development externally. Since Xi Jinping took office of the General Secretary of CPC, the so calledComprehensive Concept of National Security,NSC and the newly legislatedLaw of National Securityhave been brought to the public. The above mentioned party theory, committee and law will be subsequently implemented to coordinate various relevant departments within the party and government and also will be required to cope with wide range of issues in regarding of national security challenge and complexity in the long run.\nThe reason behind the establishment of NSC is not accidental. Since 18th National Congress of the CPC began on November 2012, from perspective of the strategic implementation of national security the CPC has obviously foreseen the coming of dire situation by which it might further jeopardize the legitimacy of the ruling CPC and the safeguarding of political safety has become CPC’s first priority agenda and thereforethe national security strategic deployment to counteract the containment led by US’s Pivot to Asia will be swiftly adjusted to cope with new scenario thereafter. Nevertheless, the NSC as well as National Security Law should both play a significantly critical role in dealing with all kind of challenges in related to national security in the future.\nThe research and study of NSC along with the implication of theNational Security Law, shaping of perspective of national security since the Cold War andtheory of Comprehensive Concept of National Security brought by Xi as well as further assessment of impact and ramifications on the development of Cross Straight relations will be the focal point in my thesis.