1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 傳播學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 兒童電視收視行?與職業性別刻板印象之關聯性研究
作者 范淑娟
貢獻者 臧國仁
范淑娟
日期 1991
1990
上傳時間 2-五月-2016 16:58:23 (UTC+8)
摘要 論文摘要
參考文獻 參考書目
     一、中文部分
     牛慶褔:由電視劇看中國婦女角色的變遷。國立政大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國70 年。
     王煥深:電視與兒童。中國論壇，第1 卷，第9 期，民國65年。
     玉石番:電視對兒童的影響。幼兒與大眾傳播，台北，豐泰文教基金會，民國77 年。
     朱敏先:兩性差異的研究。台北，商務書局，民國61 年。
     李金銓:大眾傳播理論。台北，三民書局，民國73年，三版。
     李然堯:中國兒童性別角色發展之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國72 年。
     李美枝:社會變遷中中國女性角色及性格的改變。婦女在國家發展過程中的角色研討會論文集，台大人口研究中心，民國74 年。
     李瞻:電視對兒童的影響。國科會研究報告，民國59年。
     呂鍾卿:我國兒童認同對象之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國76 年。
     辛悅台:電視兒童節目中贈獎廣告對兒童的影響──以台北縣永和市頂溪國小、淡水鎮水源國小、八里鄉
     長坑國小為例。私立輔仁大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文，民國77 年。
     林本傳:學生畢業成就測驗的社會性因素研究。高雄，炘光出版社，民國64 年。
     林英貴:台北地區國中生電視明星認同之研究。私立輔仁大學大傳研究所碩士請文，民國76 年。
     林清山:心理與教育統計學。台北，東華書局。十一版，民國74 年。
     林清江:社會學新聞論。台北，五商圖書出版公司，民國70 年。
     林清江:家庭文化與教育。國立師範大學教育研究所集刊14 輯，民國61 年。
     林紅李:台北市國中學生社會化行為與傳播行為相關研究。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國67 年。
     林豐盛:刻板印象、人格特質與媒介使用關聯性──「根」影集的效果研究。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國67 年。
     吳知賢:國小兒童收看電視兒童節目型態之分析。台南師學報，第48 期，民國74 年。
     徐佳士等:台灣地區民眾傳播行為研究。國立政治大學新聞研究所，民國64 年。
     徐佳士:大眾傳播理論。台北，台北市新聞記者公會，民國59 年。
     徐秀月:電視卡通、家庭傳播方式與兒童道德判斷~以台北縣永和市網溪國小、私立及人小學、土城鄉土城國小、貢寮鄉貢寮國小為例。私立輔仁大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文，民國77 年。
     翁秀琪:台北市國民小學學童觀賞電視與晚間作息的關係。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國62 年。
     莊秀貞:班度拉的社會學習理論及其在幼稚教育上的意義。國立師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國72 年。
     黃新生:媒介批評。台北:五南圖書出版公司，民國76 年。
     陳世敏:兒童收看電視情形暨電視節目對兒童之影響。民意測驗協會月刊，民75 年。
     陳克業:國中學生教育與職業抱負及家長期望之研究。國立台海師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國63 年。
     陳奎熹:教育社會學。台北，三民書局，民國69 年。
     陳振國:台灣電視兒童節目對兒童的影響。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國57 年。
     陳墉:電視對兒童生活影響之調查研究。台北師專叢書，民國66 年。
     郭生玉:教師期望與教師行為及學生學習行為關係之研究師大教育心理學報，第13 期，民國69 年，頁133-152 。
     郭為藩:電視影響兒童社會學習之研究。國立師範大學教育研究所集刊，第23 輯，民70 年。
     郭麗玲:我國兒童觀看電視行為及其技巧之研究。台北，文景書局，民國76 年。
     陸莉:兒童看電視之調查研究。國民教育月刊，第1 1 卷，第9 期，民國59 年。
     曾虛白:電視對兒童的影響。國科會研究報告，民國59 年。
     楊文俊:電視暴力節目對兒童侵略性的影響。視聽教育雙月刊，第14 卷，第5 期，民國62 年。
     楊孝榮:傳播社會學。台北，商務書局，民72 年。
     楊敏玲:高中生教師期望、父母期望與自我期關係之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國73 年。
     許錦雲:家職學生教育與職業抱負之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國77 年。
     鄒中慧:從「社會現實建構理論」觀點探討我國電視節目──國語連續劇的女性角色塑型。國立政治作戰學校新聞研究所碩士論文，民國76 年。
     葉學志:電視對台北市國民中學課業之影響。國科會研究報告，民國62 年。
     張妮秀:高中生傳播行為與政治社會化。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國72 年。
     張春興:心理學。台北，東華書局，民國67 年。
     廖克玲譯:社會學習論巨匠──班度拉。台北，允晨文化實業公司，民國71 年。
     潘家慶等人:台灣地區民眾傳播行為研究。國立政治大學新聞研究所，民國75 年。
     劉菁菁:電視戲劇節目描述的人際衝突及其疏解之研究國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國76年。
     鄭植榮:國小兒童對職業角色的認識與接觸大眾媒介的關聯性。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國68 年。
     蔡榮貴:電視對我國兒童教育之影響。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國67 年。
     鍾行憲:電視暴力的效果問題。新聞學人，第1 卷，第3 期，民國60 年。
     羅文坤:不同暴力程度電視節目對不同焦慮程度及電視暴力接觸程度國中學生在暴力程度上的差異。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國65 年。
     
     
     二、英文部分：
     Andison. S. "Television Violence and Viewer Aggression: A Cumulation of Study Results. 1956 - 1976." Public Opinion Quarterly. 41, 1977, 314-331.
     Andoni, H. &: Mane, S., "Media and the Social Construction of Reality: Toward and Intergration of Theory and Research." Communication Research, 11:3, July 1984, 323-340.
     Angrist, S. S., Mickelsen, R. & Penna, A. N. "Sex Difference in Sex-Role Conceptions and Family Orientation of High School Students", Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 55, 1977, 327-332.
     Atkin, C., "Effects of Drug Commercials on Young Viewers." Journal of Communication, Autumn 1978, 71-79.
     －"A Facts of Realistic TV Violence vs. Fictional Violence on Aggression.",
     Journalism Quarterly, 60, 1983, 615-621.
     Baldwin, A. L. ,"A Cognitive Theory of Socialization." In D. Goslin, (Ed.) Handbook of
     Socialization Theory and Research. Chicago: Rand Mcnally and Company, 1971, 325-346.
     Bandura, A., Social Learning, Moristown, N.J.: General Learning Press, 1971.
     "Modeling Theory: Some Traditions, Treads and Disputes." In D.P. R0SS ( Ed. ), Recent
     Trnends In Social Learning Theory. N.Y.: Academic Press. 1972. 35-61.
     －Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall,
     1973.
     －"Behavior Theory and the Model of Man." American Psychology, 29, 1974, 859-869. －Social Learning Theory, Prentice-Hall, 1977 .
     Bandura, A., A dams ,N. E., & Beyer, J. , "Cognitive Process Mediating Behavioral Change." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 1977, 125-139 .
     Bandura, A., Gruses, J. E., & Menlove, F. L., "Observational Learning as a Function of
     Symbolization and Incentive Set." Child Development, 37, 1966, 499-506.
     Bandura, A. Ross, D. & Ross, S. A., "Vicarious Reinforcementand Imitation Learing."
     Journal of Abnormal and School Psychology, 67:6, 1963, 601-607.
     Becker, L. B., McCombs, M. E. & McLeod, J. M., "The Development of Political Cognition."
     In S. Chaffee (Ed.)Political Communication: Issues and Strategies for
     Research, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications , Inc., 1975.
     Berger, P. & Luckmann, T., The Social Construction of Reality: A Theaties in the Sociology of knowledge, Garden City, New York: Soubleday
     and Company, 1966, 60-61.
     Beuf, A., "Doctor, Lawyer, Household Drudge." Journal of Communication, 24, 1974,
     142-145.
     Bollen, K. & Phillips, D., "Imitative Suicides:A National Study of the Effects of Television News Stories." American Sociological Review, 47, 1982, 804-809.
     Bower, R. T. Television and the Public, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1973.
     Brophy, J. E., "Research on the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Teacher Expectation." Journal of Educational Psychology, 75:6, 1983, 631-661.
     Brophy, J. & Good, T., Teacher-Student Relationship: Causes and Consequence, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1974.
     Brown, R. W., SociaI PsychoIogy , New York: The Free Press , 1965.
     Busby,L.J. "Sex-Role Research on the Mass Media." Journal of Communication, 25, 1975. 107-131.
     Butler, M. & Paisley, W., Women and the Mass Media: Sourcebook for Research and Action, New York: Human Sciences Press.
     Carlyn, C. C., Sexism on Sesame Street, Outtated Concept in a Progressive Program, U.S.Rie, 1979.
     Cauthen, N R., Robinson, I. E., & Krauss, H. H., "Stereotypes: A Review of the literature 1929-1968.” Journal of Social Psychology, 84, 1971, 103-125.
     Chesebro, J., "The Media Reality: Epistemological Functions of Media in Cultural Systems", Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 1, 1984, 111-131.
     Claiborn, W. "Expectancy Effect in the Classroom:A Failure to Replicate." Journal of Educational Psychology, 60, 1969, 377-383.
     Clifton, R. A., "Ethnicity, Teacher`s Expectations and the Academic Achievement Process." Sociology of Education, 54, 1981, 291-301.
     Coates, B., & Hartup, W. W., "Age and Verbalization In Observational Learning." Developmental Psychology, 1, 1969, 556-562.
     Collins, A. W., "Interpretation and Inference In Children`s Television Viewing." Child
     Development, 49, 1978, 125-150.
     Davison, E. .S , Yasuma,. & Tower ,A. , "The Effcet of Television Cartoons on Sex-Role
     Stereotyping in Young Girls." Children Development, 50, 1979, 59-60.
     DeFleur, L. B., "Assessing Occupational Knowledge in Young Child."Sociological Inquiry, 36, 1966, 98-115.
     DeFleur, M. L., "Occupational Role as Portrayed on Television." Public Opinion Quarterly, 28, 1966, 57-74.
     DeFleur, M. L.& Defleur, B. L., "The Relative Contribution of Television as a Learning
     Source for Children`s Occupational Knowledge." American Sociological Review,
     32, October 1967, 777-789.
     Doerken, M., Classroom Combat: Teaching and Television, Englewood Cliffis, N. J.:
     Educational Technology Publications, 1983, 16-25.
     Dollard, J., Doob,L.W., Miller,N. E.,Seard, R. R., & Mowrer, O. H., Frustration and
     Aggression, New Haven:Yale University Press, 1939.
     Dorr, A., Television and Children, Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications, 1986.
     Downing, M., "Heroine of the Daytime Serial", Journal of Communication, 24, 1974,130-137.
     Durkins,K., Sex Role and Children’s Television, A report to the Independent Broadcasting Authority, Social Psychology Unit, Universuty, of Kent, Canterbury, 1983.
     Dusek, J. B. & Joseph, G., “The Bases of Teacher Expectation: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Educational Psychology,75:3, 1983, 327-346.
     Elkin, F. & Handel, G., The Child and Society, New York: Random House, 1978.
     Ellen, S., "Stereotypes and the Media: A Re-evaluation." Journal of Communication,
     36:1, 1986, 14-25.
     Elliott, W. R. & Slater, D, "Exposure Experience and Perceived Television Reality for
     Adolescents", Journalism Quarterly, 57, 1980, 409-414.
     Estep, R. & MacDonald P. T., "Crime In the Afternoon: Murder and Robbery on Soap
     Operas." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 29, 1985,323-331.
     Eysenck, H. J., Amold, W. & Meili, R.(Eds.), Encyclopedia of Psychology (Vol.2), New
     York, Herder and Herder, 1973, 229-232.
     Forrest, A., "Counseling Talented Students on College Choice." Personnel and Guidance Journal, 40:1, 1961, 78-84.
     Frith, C. D. & Lillie, F. J., "Why Does the Repertory Grid Test Indicate Thought
     Disorder?" British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11, 1972, 73-78.
     Frueh, T. & Mcghee, P. E , "Traditional Sex Role Development and Amount of Time Spent Watching Television." Developmental Psychology. 11:1, 1975, 109-110.
     Gardner, J. E., "Sesame Street and Sex-Role Stereotypes." In D.Gersoni-Stavn(Ed.) Sexism and Youth (3rd.ed.) N.Y.:R.R.Bowker Co, 1976, 395-397.
     Gerbner, G., "Violence in Television Drama: Trends and Symbolic Functions." In G. A. Comstock & E. A. Rubenstein(Eds.), Television and Social Behavior, Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.
     "Cultural Indicators:the Third Voice." In G. Gerbner,L.P. Gross & W. H. William (Eds.),
     Communication Technology and Social Policy, New York: John Wiley, 1973, 555-573.
     Gerbner, G.& Gross, L.,"Living with Television:The Violence Profile." Journal of Communicatinri, 26:2, 1976, 173-199.
     Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Eleey, M., Jachson-Beech, M., Jeffries-Fax, S., & Signorielli, N.,
     "Television Violence Profile No 8." Journal of Communication, 27:2, 1977a, 171-180.
     "Violence Profile No.8: Trends in Network Television Drama and Viewer Conceptions of Social Reality 1967-1976." Philadelphia: The Annenberg School of Communications, The University of Pennsylvania, 1977b.
     "Cultural Indicators: Violence Profile No.9." Journal of Communication, 1978, 175-205. "The Demonstration of Power, Violence Profile No.10." Journal of Communication, 29:3, 1979, 177 -196 .
     Gerbner. G., Gross, M., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N., "Aging with Television:Images on Television Drama and Concepts of Social Reality." Journal of Communication. Winter 1980, 37-47.
     "A Curious Journey into the Scary World of Paul Hirsch." Communication Research, 8,
     1981, 39-47.
     "Living with Television: The Dynamics of the Cultivation Process." In J. Bryant & D.
     Zillmann (Eds.), Perspectives on Media Effects, Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum,
     1986.
     Greenberg, B. S., "Television and the Role Socialization: An overview." In Pearl, D., ,
     Bouthilet, L. & Lazar, J. (Eds.), Television and Behavior: Ten Years of Scientific Progress
     and Implication for the Eighties, Rockville, Maryland: NIMH, 1982.
     Life on Television: Content Analysis of U.S. TV Drama, Norwood, N. J.:Ablex, 1984.
     Greenberg. B. S.& Reeves. B .. "Children and the Perceived Reality of Television." Journal of Social Issues. 32, 1976. 86-97.
     Greenfield, P., Mind and Media: The Effect of Television, Video Games, and Computers, Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press, 1984.
     " Gross., L. P., "Television As Trojan House", School Media Quarterly, Spring 1977, 175-180.
     Gunter, B., Television and Sex Role stereotyping, London: John Libbey Eurotext and Company Ltd, 1982.
     Haefner, M. & Wartella, E., "The Effects of Sibling Coviewing on Children`s Interpretations of Television Programs." Journal of Broadcasting
     and Electronic Media, Spring 1987, 153-168.
     Hall, E., The Silent Language, Garden City New York: Doubleday, 1959.
     Harrington, T. F. & O`Shea, A. J., "The Score Reliability of Self-Scored Interest
     Inventory." Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 12: 4, 1980, 78-85.
     Hawkins, R. P. & Pingree, S., "Some Processes in the Cultivation Effect." Communication Researsh , 7, 1980, 193-226.
     Hawkins, R. P.,Pingree, S. & Adler, I., “Searing for Cognitive Processes in the Cultivation Effects: Adult and Sample in the United States and Australia." Human Communication Research, 13, 1987, 553-577.
     Himmelweit, H. T., Oppenheim, A. N., & Vince, P., Television and the Children, London:Oxford University Press, 1982.
     Holland, J. L., "Some Explorations of a Theory of Vocational Choice: One and Two Year Longtitudinal Studies.”Psychological Monographs, 76, 1962,540-549.
     Hollingshead, A., Two Factor Index of Social Position, New Haven NJ, Yale University
     Press, 1965.
     Jan-Brik, N., "Media Interaction." Communication Research, 5:2, 1978, 150-175.
     Janis, I., "The Influence of Television on Person Decision-Making." In S. B. Withey & R. P.Abeles(Eds.), Television and Social Behavior: Beyond Violence and Children,
     1980, 124-131, Hillsdale, New Jersey.
     Jose, J. & Cody, J, J, "Teacher-Pupil Interaction as It Relates to Attempted Changes in
     Teacher Expectancy of Academic Ability and Achievement." American Educational Research Journal, 8:1, 1971, 39-49.
     Kaniuga. N., Scott, T. & Gade, E., "Working Women Portrayed on Evening Television Programs.” Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 24, 1974, 134-137.
     Lazer, C.& Dier, S., "The Labor Force in Fiction", Journal of Communication, 1:2, 1978,
     174-182.
     Lee, J. C.,& Tucker, R. B., "An Investigation of Clinical Judgement: A Study in Method."
     Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 1962, 272-280.
     Leifer, A. D. & Lesser, 6. S., The Development of Career Awareness in Young Children, NIE Paper in Education and Work: No.1. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of
     Education, 1976.
     Leifer, A. D. "Teaching with Television and Film". In N. L. Gage (Ed.), Psychology of Teaching Methods, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
     Lippmann, N. W., Public Opinion, New York:Harocurt, Brace & Co., 1922.
     Long, M. L. & Simon, R. J. "The Role and Statuses of Women on Children and Family TV Programs." Journalism Quarterly, 51, 1974, 107-110.
     Maccoby, N. & David, G. M ., "Communication and Learning." In I.S. Pool, W. Schramm, N. Maccoby, & E. B. Parker, (Eds.), Handbook of Communication, Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing, 1973.
     Margan, M., "Television Adolescent`s Sex-Role Stereotypes:A Longitudinal study." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 143, 1982, 947-955.
     Marjoribanks, K., "Ecological Correlates of Adolescents` Aspirations: Gender-Related
     Differences." Comtempory Educational Psychology ,10, 1985, 329-341.
     Mash, E. J. & McElwee, J. D.,? "Situational Effects on Observer Accuracy: Behavioral
     Perdictability, Prior Experience, and Complexity of Coding Categories." Child
     Development, 45, 1974, 367-377.
     McNeil, J., "Feminism,Feminidty and the Television Shows: A Content Analysis." Journal of Broadcasting, 19, 1975, 259-269.
     Miller, N. E. & Dollard, J., Social Learning and Imitation, New Haven: Yale University
     press, 1941.
     Miller,A. R., Kiker, V. L., Waston, R. A. R., Frauchiger, R. A., & Moreland. D.,
     "Experimental Analysis of Physiques as Social Stimuli: Part II." Perceptual
     and Motor Skills, 27, 1968, 721-722.
     Miller, M. M. & Reeves, B. "Dramatic TV Content and Children`s Sex-Role Stereotypes", Journal of Broadcasting, 20, 1976, 449-463.
     Morgan, M. & Signorielli, N., "Cultivation Analysis: Conceptualization and Methodolog." In N. Signorielli & M. Morgan(Eds.) Cultivation Analysis: New Direction in Media Effects Research. Newbury Park, CA:Sage, 1990, 13-31.
     Narcy, S. T., "Patterns in Prime Time.` Journal of Communication, 24, 1974, 118-130.
     Nikken, P. & Peeters, A. L., "Children`s Perceptions of Television Reality." Journal of
     Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 32:4, 1988, 441-452.
     Noble, G., Children in Front of the Small Screen, Beverly Hills:Sage, 1975.
     Nolan, J. D., Gulsi, J. P. & White, M. A., “Sex Bias on Children`s Television Programs."
     Journal of Psychology ,96, 1977, 197-204.
     O`Bryant, S. L. & Corder-Bolz, C. R., "The Effects of Television on Children`s Stereotyping of Woman`s Work Roles." Journal of Vocational Behavior, 12, 1978, 233-244.
     Perlmutter, H. V., "Correlates of Two Types of Xenophilic Orientation." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52, 1956, 130-135.
     Perse, E. D., "Soap Opera Viewing Pattern of College Students and Cultivation." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media ,30:2, 1986, 175-193.
     Phillips, D. & Hensley, H., "When Violence is Rewareded or Punished: `The Impact of Mass Media Stories on Homicides." Journal of Communication, Summer 1984, 101-115. Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B., The Psychology of the Child, New York, Basic Books, 1969.
     Pingree, S., "Children`s Cognitive Processes in Constructing Social Reality." Journalism
     Quarterly, 60, 1983, 415-422.
     Poeke, L. V., Gerbner’s Cultural Indicators, In Mass Communication Reviews Yearbook 1, Beveilg Hills. 1980.
     Potter, W. J., “Perceived Reality and the Cultivation Hypothesis." Journal of
     Broadcasting & ElectronicMedia, 30:2, 1986, 159-174.
     Reep. D. C. & Dambrot, F. H., "Effects of Frequent Television Viewing on Stereotypes: `Drip. Drip`or `Drench’?” Journalism Quarterly. 66: 3, 1989, 542-550.
     Robert, D. F., "Communication and Children:A Developmental Approach." Handbook of Communication, Chicago:Rand McNally College Publishing, 1973, 244-258.
     Robert, D. F. & Schramm, W. Children`s Learning From the Hass Media: The Process and Effects of Hass Communication,1971.
     Rosengren, K. E. & Windahl, S.,"Hass Media Consumption as a Functional Alternative." In D. McQuail (Eds.), Sociology of Mass Communication, England: Penguin Books Ltd., 1972, 177-190.
     Rosenthal, R. & Jacobson, L., Pygmalion in the Classroom, New York: Holt, Rinehart &
     Winston. 1968.
     Schramm, W., "What their Search Says”, In W. Schramm (Ed.), Quality in Instructional
     Television, Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1972.
     Schramm, W., Jack, L. & Eewin, B. P., Television in the Lives of Our Children, Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1961.
     Seggar, J. F.& Wheeler, P., "World of Work on TV: Ethnic and Sex Representation in TV Drama." Journal of Broadcasting, 17, 1973, 201-214.
     Siegel, S.,”Certain Determinants of Correlates of Authoritarianism." Genetic
     Psychology Monographs, 49, 1954, 187-229.
     Signorieli. N., "Marital Status in Television Drama: A Case of Reduced Options." Journal of Broadcasting, 26: 2, 1982, 585-592.
     Simmons, D. D., IIChildren`s Rankgins of Occupational Prestige." Personnel and Guidance Journal, 41, 1962, 332-336.
     Skinner, B. F., The Technology of Teaching, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall,
     1968.
     Slovice, P., "Cue-consistence and Cue-utilization in Judgement", American Journal of
     Psychology, 79, 1966, 427-434.
     Smythe, D. W., "Reality as Presented by Television." Public Opinion Quarterly, 1954, 143-154.
     Sternglanz, S. & Serbin, L., "Sex Role Research on the Mass Media." "Journal of Communication, 25, 1975, 107-131.
     Tedesco, N., "Patterns in Prime Time." Journal of Communication, 24, 1974, 110-124 .
     Thorndike, E. L., Psychology of Learning: Educational Psychology, vol.2, N.Y.:
     Teachers College Press, 1913.
     Wagenaar, T. C., Occupational Aspiration and Intended Field of Study in College, Oxford, Ohio:Miami Univ., 1984.
     Walker, B. L., "The Relationship Between Teacher Expectation and the Occupational
     Aspirations of Seniors in Seleceed Residential Schools for the Deaf."
     Dissertation Abstracts International, 41:21, 1980, 648-654.
     Wartella, E., "Child as an Audience." Mass Communication Research, publshed by The Graduate School of Journalism National Chengchi University, 43, 1990, 39-54.
     Watkins, B., "Children`s Representations of Television and Real-Life Stories."
     Communication Research, 15, 1988, 159-184.
     Watzman, L. T. Eifler, D., Hokada, E. & Ross, C., "Sex-Role Socialization in Picture Books for Preschool Children." American Journal of Sociology, 6, 1972, 1124-1150.
     Weiner, M., "Another Look at the CuIturally Deprived and Their Levels of Aspiration."
     Journal of Education Sociology, 36, 1963, 310-324.
     Wiggins, N., Hoffman, P. J. & Taber, T., "Types of Judgement of Intelligence." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 12,1969, 52-59.
     Zuckerman, D. M., Singer, D. 6. & Singer, J. L., "Children`s Televistion Viewing, Racial and Sex-Role Attitudes." Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10, 1980, 281-294.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005040
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 臧國仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 范淑娟zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 范淑娟zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1991en_US
dc.date (日期) 1990en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-五月-2016 16:58:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-五月-2016 16:58:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-五月-2016 16:58:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) B2002005040en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89526-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文摘要zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
     論文摘要.............................................　I
     圖表目次.............................................　V
     第一章 緒論.............................................1
     第一節　問題源起.............................................1
     第二節　研究動機.............................................2
     第三節　論文結構. .............................................6
     第二章　文獻探討.............................................12
     第一節　理論要旨.............................................13
     第二節　兒童之社會化過程.............................................24　
     第三節　職業認識之相關理論.............................................32
     第四節　職業性別刻板印象之相關理論.............................................36
     第五節　社會人口變項與職業認識、職業性別刻板印象之關係…..44
     第三章　研究設計與方法. .............................................53
     第一節　研究目的.............................................53
     第二節　研究變項與架構.............................................53
     第三節　研究問題與假設.............................................56
     第四節　研究方法. .............................................59
     第四章　資料分析與解釋.............................................77
     第一節　基本樣本描述.............................................78
     第二節　電視收視行為對職業認識之影響力.............................................80
     第三節　電視收視行為對職業合適度之影響力..........................................81
     第四節　電視收視行為對職業人數估計之影響力.............................86
     第五節　電視收視行為對職業聲望評估之影響力............................90
     第六節　電視收視行為對職業喜好之影響力............................93
     第七節　社會人口變項與職業認識、職業性別刻板印象之關聯................94
     第五章　結論與建議. ............................101　
     第一節　研究結果討論. ............................101
     第二節　研究意涵` ............................111
     第三節　研究限制與建議. ............................115
     參考書目.......... ..............................120
     附錄一　研究問卷. ............................144
     附錄二　家長職業聲望等級分類表............................155		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005040en_US
dc.title (題名) 兒童電視收視行?與職業性別刻板印象之關聯性研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目
     一、中文部分
     牛慶褔:由電視劇看中國婦女角色的變遷。國立政大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國70 年。
     王煥深:電視與兒童。中國論壇，第1 卷，第9 期，民國65年。
     玉石番:電視對兒童的影響。幼兒與大眾傳播，台北，豐泰文教基金會，民國77 年。
     朱敏先:兩性差異的研究。台北，商務書局，民國61 年。
     李金銓:大眾傳播理論。台北，三民書局，民國73年，三版。
     李然堯:中國兒童性別角色發展之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國72 年。
     李美枝:社會變遷中中國女性角色及性格的改變。婦女在國家發展過程中的角色研討會論文集，台大人口研究中心，民國74 年。
     李瞻:電視對兒童的影響。國科會研究報告，民國59年。
     呂鍾卿:我國兒童認同對象之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國76 年。
     辛悅台:電視兒童節目中贈獎廣告對兒童的影響──以台北縣永和市頂溪國小、淡水鎮水源國小、八里鄉
     長坑國小為例。私立輔仁大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文，民國77 年。
     林本傳:學生畢業成就測驗的社會性因素研究。高雄，炘光出版社，民國64 年。
     林英貴:台北地區國中生電視明星認同之研究。私立輔仁大學大傳研究所碩士請文，民國76 年。
     林清山:心理與教育統計學。台北，東華書局。十一版，民國74 年。
     林清江:社會學新聞論。台北，五商圖書出版公司，民國70 年。
     林清江:家庭文化與教育。國立師範大學教育研究所集刊14 輯，民國61 年。
     林紅李:台北市國中學生社會化行為與傳播行為相關研究。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國67 年。
     林豐盛:刻板印象、人格特質與媒介使用關聯性──「根」影集的效果研究。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國67 年。
     吳知賢:國小兒童收看電視兒童節目型態之分析。台南師學報，第48 期，民國74 年。
     徐佳士等:台灣地區民眾傳播行為研究。國立政治大學新聞研究所，民國64 年。
     徐佳士:大眾傳播理論。台北，台北市新聞記者公會，民國59 年。
     徐秀月:電視卡通、家庭傳播方式與兒童道德判斷~以台北縣永和市網溪國小、私立及人小學、土城鄉土城國小、貢寮鄉貢寮國小為例。私立輔仁大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文，民國77 年。
     翁秀琪:台北市國民小學學童觀賞電視與晚間作息的關係。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國62 年。
     莊秀貞:班度拉的社會學習理論及其在幼稚教育上的意義。國立師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國72 年。
     黃新生:媒介批評。台北:五南圖書出版公司，民國76 年。
     陳世敏:兒童收看電視情形暨電視節目對兒童之影響。民意測驗協會月刊，民75 年。
     陳克業:國中學生教育與職業抱負及家長期望之研究。國立台海師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國63 年。
     陳奎熹:教育社會學。台北，三民書局，民國69 年。
     陳振國:台灣電視兒童節目對兒童的影響。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國57 年。
     陳墉:電視對兒童生活影響之調查研究。台北師專叢書，民國66 年。
     郭生玉:教師期望與教師行為及學生學習行為關係之研究師大教育心理學報，第13 期，民國69 年，頁133-152 。
     郭為藩:電視影響兒童社會學習之研究。國立師範大學教育研究所集刊，第23 輯，民70 年。
     郭麗玲:我國兒童觀看電視行為及其技巧之研究。台北，文景書局，民國76 年。
     陸莉:兒童看電視之調查研究。國民教育月刊，第1 1 卷，第9 期，民國59 年。
     曾虛白:電視對兒童的影響。國科會研究報告，民國59 年。
     楊文俊:電視暴力節目對兒童侵略性的影響。視聽教育雙月刊，第14 卷，第5 期，民國62 年。
     楊孝榮:傳播社會學。台北，商務書局，民72 年。
     楊敏玲:高中生教師期望、父母期望與自我期關係之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國73 年。
     許錦雲:家職學生教育與職業抱負之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國77 年。
     鄒中慧:從「社會現實建構理論」觀點探討我國電視節目──國語連續劇的女性角色塑型。國立政治作戰學校新聞研究所碩士論文，民國76 年。
     葉學志:電視對台北市國民中學課業之影響。國科會研究報告，民國62 年。
     張妮秀:高中生傳播行為與政治社會化。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國72 年。
     張春興:心理學。台北，東華書局，民國67 年。
     廖克玲譯:社會學習論巨匠──班度拉。台北，允晨文化實業公司，民國71 年。
     潘家慶等人:台灣地區民眾傳播行為研究。國立政治大學新聞研究所，民國75 年。
     劉菁菁:電視戲劇節目描述的人際衝突及其疏解之研究國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國76年。
     鄭植榮:國小兒童對職業角色的認識與接觸大眾媒介的關聯性。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國68 年。
     蔡榮貴:電視對我國兒童教育之影響。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國67 年。
     鍾行憲:電視暴力的效果問題。新聞學人，第1 卷，第3 期，民國60 年。
     羅文坤:不同暴力程度電視節目對不同焦慮程度及電視暴力接觸程度國中學生在暴力程度上的差異。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文，民國65 年。
     
     
     二、英文部分：
     Andison. S. "Television Violence and Viewer Aggression: A Cumulation of Study Results. 1956 - 1976." Public Opinion Quarterly. 41, 1977, 314-331.
     Andoni, H. &: Mane, S., "Media and the Social Construction of Reality: Toward and Intergration of Theory and Research." Communication Research, 11:3, July 1984, 323-340.
     Angrist, S. S., Mickelsen, R. & Penna, A. N. "Sex Difference in Sex-Role Conceptions and Family Orientation of High School Students", Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 55, 1977, 327-332.
     Atkin, C., "Effects of Drug Commercials on Young Viewers." Journal of Communication, Autumn 1978, 71-79.
     －"A Facts of Realistic TV Violence vs. Fictional Violence on Aggression.",
     Journalism Quarterly, 60, 1983, 615-621.
     Baldwin, A. L. ,"A Cognitive Theory of Socialization." In D. Goslin, (Ed.) Handbook of
     Socialization Theory and Research. Chicago: Rand Mcnally and Company, 1971, 325-346.
     Bandura, A., Social Learning, Moristown, N.J.: General Learning Press, 1971.
     "Modeling Theory: Some Traditions, Treads and Disputes." In D.P. R0SS ( Ed. ), Recent
     Trnends In Social Learning Theory. N.Y.: Academic Press. 1972. 35-61.
     －Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall,
     1973.
     －"Behavior Theory and the Model of Man." American Psychology, 29, 1974, 859-869. －Social Learning Theory, Prentice-Hall, 1977 .
     Bandura, A., A dams ,N. E., & Beyer, J. , "Cognitive Process Mediating Behavioral Change." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 1977, 125-139 .
     Bandura, A., Gruses, J. E., & Menlove, F. L., "Observational Learning as a Function of
     Symbolization and Incentive Set." Child Development, 37, 1966, 499-506.
     Bandura, A. Ross, D. & Ross, S. A., "Vicarious Reinforcementand Imitation Learing."
     Journal of Abnormal and School Psychology, 67:6, 1963, 601-607.
     Becker, L. B., McCombs, M. E. & McLeod, J. M., "The Development of Political Cognition."
     In S. Chaffee (Ed.)Political Communication: Issues and Strategies for
     Research, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications , Inc., 1975.
     Berger, P. & Luckmann, T., The Social Construction of Reality: A Theaties in the Sociology of knowledge, Garden City, New York: Soubleday
     and Company, 1966, 60-61.
     Beuf, A., "Doctor, Lawyer, Household Drudge." Journal of Communication, 24, 1974,
     142-145.
     Bollen, K. & Phillips, D., "Imitative Suicides:A National Study of the Effects of Television News Stories." American Sociological Review, 47, 1982, 804-809.
     Bower, R. T. Television and the Public, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1973.
     Brophy, J. E., "Research on the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Teacher Expectation." Journal of Educational Psychology, 75:6, 1983, 631-661.
     Brophy, J. & Good, T., Teacher-Student Relationship: Causes and Consequence, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1974.
     Brown, R. W., SociaI PsychoIogy , New York: The Free Press , 1965.
     Busby,L.J. "Sex-Role Research on the Mass Media." Journal of Communication, 25, 1975. 107-131.
     Butler, M. & Paisley, W., Women and the Mass Media: Sourcebook for Research and Action, New York: Human Sciences Press.
     Carlyn, C. C., Sexism on Sesame Street, Outtated Concept in a Progressive Program, U.S.Rie, 1979.
     Cauthen, N R., Robinson, I. E., & Krauss, H. H., "Stereotypes: A Review of the literature 1929-1968.” Journal of Social Psychology, 84, 1971, 103-125.
     Chesebro, J., "The Media Reality: Epistemological Functions of Media in Cultural Systems", Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 1, 1984, 111-131.
     Claiborn, W. "Expectancy Effect in the Classroom:A Failure to Replicate." Journal of Educational Psychology, 60, 1969, 377-383.
     Clifton, R. A., "Ethnicity, Teacher`s Expectations and the Academic Achievement Process." Sociology of Education, 54, 1981, 291-301.
     Coates, B., & Hartup, W. W., "Age and Verbalization In Observational Learning." Developmental Psychology, 1, 1969, 556-562.
     Collins, A. W., "Interpretation and Inference In Children`s Television Viewing." Child
     Development, 49, 1978, 125-150.
     Davison, E. .S , Yasuma,. & Tower ,A. , "The Effcet of Television Cartoons on Sex-Role
     Stereotyping in Young Girls." Children Development, 50, 1979, 59-60.
     DeFleur, L. B., "Assessing Occupational Knowledge in Young Child."Sociological Inquiry, 36, 1966, 98-115.
     DeFleur, M. L., "Occupational Role as Portrayed on Television." Public Opinion Quarterly, 28, 1966, 57-74.
     DeFleur, M. L.& Defleur, B. L., "The Relative Contribution of Television as a Learning
     Source for Children`s Occupational Knowledge." American Sociological Review,
     32, October 1967, 777-789.
     Doerken, M., Classroom Combat: Teaching and Television, Englewood Cliffis, N. J.:
     Educational Technology Publications, 1983, 16-25.
     Dollard, J., Doob,L.W., Miller,N. E.,Seard, R. R., & Mowrer, O. H., Frustration and
     Aggression, New Haven:Yale University Press, 1939.
     Dorr, A., Television and Children, Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications, 1986.
     Downing, M., "Heroine of the Daytime Serial", Journal of Communication, 24, 1974,130-137.
     Durkins,K., Sex Role and Children’s Television, A report to the Independent Broadcasting Authority, Social Psychology Unit, Universuty, of Kent, Canterbury, 1983.
     Dusek, J. B. & Joseph, G., “The Bases of Teacher Expectation: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Educational Psychology,75:3, 1983, 327-346.
     Elkin, F. & Handel, G., The Child and Society, New York: Random House, 1978.
     Ellen, S., "Stereotypes and the Media: A Re-evaluation." Journal of Communication,
     36:1, 1986, 14-25.
     Elliott, W. R. & Slater, D, "Exposure Experience and Perceived Television Reality for
     Adolescents", Journalism Quarterly, 57, 1980, 409-414.
     Estep, R. & MacDonald P. T., "Crime In the Afternoon: Murder and Robbery on Soap
     Operas." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 29, 1985,323-331.
     Eysenck, H. J., Amold, W. & Meili, R.(Eds.), Encyclopedia of Psychology (Vol.2), New
     York, Herder and Herder, 1973, 229-232.
     Forrest, A., "Counseling Talented Students on College Choice." Personnel and Guidance Journal, 40:1, 1961, 78-84.
     Frith, C. D. & Lillie, F. J., "Why Does the Repertory Grid Test Indicate Thought
     Disorder?" British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11, 1972, 73-78.
     Frueh, T. & Mcghee, P. E , "Traditional Sex Role Development and Amount of Time Spent Watching Television." Developmental Psychology. 11:1, 1975, 109-110.
     Gardner, J. E., "Sesame Street and Sex-Role Stereotypes." In D.Gersoni-Stavn(Ed.) Sexism and Youth (3rd.ed.) N.Y.:R.R.Bowker Co, 1976, 395-397.
     Gerbner, G., "Violence in Television Drama: Trends and Symbolic Functions." In G. A. Comstock & E. A. Rubenstein(Eds.), Television and Social Behavior, Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.
     "Cultural Indicators:the Third Voice." In G. Gerbner,L.P. Gross & W. H. William (Eds.),
     Communication Technology and Social Policy, New York: John Wiley, 1973, 555-573.
     Gerbner, G.& Gross, L.,"Living with Television:The Violence Profile." Journal of Communicatinri, 26:2, 1976, 173-199.
     Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Eleey, M., Jachson-Beech, M., Jeffries-Fax, S., & Signorielli, N.,
     "Television Violence Profile No 8." Journal of Communication, 27:2, 1977a, 171-180.
     "Violence Profile No.8: Trends in Network Television Drama and Viewer Conceptions of Social Reality 1967-1976." Philadelphia: The Annenberg School of Communications, The University of Pennsylvania, 1977b.
     "Cultural Indicators: Violence Profile No.9." Journal of Communication, 1978, 175-205. "The Demonstration of Power, Violence Profile No.10." Journal of Communication, 29:3, 1979, 177 -196 .
     Gerbner. G., Gross, M., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N., "Aging with Television:Images on Television Drama and Concepts of Social Reality." Journal of Communication. Winter 1980, 37-47.
     "A Curious Journey into the Scary World of Paul Hirsch." Communication Research, 8,
     1981, 39-47.
     "Living with Television: The Dynamics of the Cultivation Process." In J. Bryant & D.
     Zillmann (Eds.), Perspectives on Media Effects, Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum,
     1986.
     Greenberg, B. S., "Television and the Role Socialization: An overview." In Pearl, D., ,
     Bouthilet, L. & Lazar, J. (Eds.), Television and Behavior: Ten Years of Scientific Progress
     and Implication for the Eighties, Rockville, Maryland: NIMH, 1982.
     Life on Television: Content Analysis of U.S. TV Drama, Norwood, N. J.:Ablex, 1984.
     Greenberg. B. S.& Reeves. B .. "Children and the Perceived Reality of Television." Journal of Social Issues. 32, 1976. 86-97.
     Greenfield, P., Mind and Media: The Effect of Television, Video Games, and Computers, Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press, 1984.
     " Gross., L. P., "Television As Trojan House", School Media Quarterly, Spring 1977, 175-180.
     Gunter, B., Television and Sex Role stereotyping, London: John Libbey Eurotext and Company Ltd, 1982.
     Haefner, M. & Wartella, E., "The Effects of Sibling Coviewing on Children`s Interpretations of Television Programs." Journal of Broadcasting
     and Electronic Media, Spring 1987, 153-168.
     Hall, E., The Silent Language, Garden City New York: Doubleday, 1959.
     Harrington, T. F. & O`Shea, A. J., "The Score Reliability of Self-Scored Interest
     Inventory." Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 12: 4, 1980, 78-85.
     Hawkins, R. P. & Pingree, S., "Some Processes in the Cultivation Effect." Communication Researsh , 7, 1980, 193-226.
     Hawkins, R. P.,Pingree, S. & Adler, I., “Searing for Cognitive Processes in the Cultivation Effects: Adult and Sample in the United States and Australia." Human Communication Research, 13, 1987, 553-577.
     Himmelweit, H. T., Oppenheim, A. N., & Vince, P., Television and the Children, London:Oxford University Press, 1982.
     Holland, J. L., "Some Explorations of a Theory of Vocational Choice: One and Two Year Longtitudinal Studies.”Psychological Monographs, 76, 1962,540-549.
     Hollingshead, A., Two Factor Index of Social Position, New Haven NJ, Yale University
     Press, 1965.
     Jan-Brik, N., "Media Interaction." Communication Research, 5:2, 1978, 150-175.
     Janis, I., "The Influence of Television on Person Decision-Making." In S. B. Withey & R. P.Abeles(Eds.), Television and Social Behavior: Beyond Violence and Children,
     1980, 124-131, Hillsdale, New Jersey.
     Jose, J. & Cody, J, J, "Teacher-Pupil Interaction as It Relates to Attempted Changes in
     Teacher Expectancy of Academic Ability and Achievement." American Educational Research Journal, 8:1, 1971, 39-49.
     Kaniuga. N., Scott, T. & Gade, E., "Working Women Portrayed on Evening Television Programs.” Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 24, 1974, 134-137.
     Lazer, C.& Dier, S., "The Labor Force in Fiction", Journal of Communication, 1:2, 1978,
     174-182.
     Lee, J. C.,& Tucker, R. B., "An Investigation of Clinical Judgement: A Study in Method."
     Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 1962, 272-280.
     Leifer, A. D. & Lesser, 6. S., The Development of Career Awareness in Young Children, NIE Paper in Education and Work: No.1. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of
     Education, 1976.
     Leifer, A. D. "Teaching with Television and Film". In N. L. Gage (Ed.), Psychology of Teaching Methods, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
     Lippmann, N. W., Public Opinion, New York:Harocurt, Brace & Co., 1922.
     Long, M. L. & Simon, R. J. "The Role and Statuses of Women on Children and Family TV Programs." Journalism Quarterly, 51, 1974, 107-110.
     Maccoby, N. & David, G. M ., "Communication and Learning." In I.S. Pool, W. Schramm, N. Maccoby, & E. B. Parker, (Eds.), Handbook of Communication, Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing, 1973.
     Margan, M., "Television Adolescent`s Sex-Role Stereotypes:A Longitudinal study." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 143, 1982, 947-955.
     Marjoribanks, K., "Ecological Correlates of Adolescents` Aspirations: Gender-Related
     Differences." Comtempory Educational Psychology ,10, 1985, 329-341.
     Mash, E. J. & McElwee, J. D.,? "Situational Effects on Observer Accuracy: Behavioral
     Perdictability, Prior Experience, and Complexity of Coding Categories." Child
     Development, 45, 1974, 367-377.
     McNeil, J., "Feminism,Feminidty and the Television Shows: A Content Analysis." Journal of Broadcasting, 19, 1975, 259-269.
     Miller, N. E. & Dollard, J., Social Learning and Imitation, New Haven: Yale University
     press, 1941.
     Miller,A. R., Kiker, V. L., Waston, R. A. R., Frauchiger, R. A., & Moreland. D.,
     "Experimental Analysis of Physiques as Social Stimuli: Part II." Perceptual
     and Motor Skills, 27, 1968, 721-722.
     Miller, M. M. & Reeves, B. "Dramatic TV Content and Children`s Sex-Role Stereotypes", Journal of Broadcasting, 20, 1976, 449-463.
     Morgan, M. & Signorielli, N., "Cultivation Analysis: Conceptualization and Methodolog." In N. Signorielli & M. Morgan(Eds.) Cultivation Analysis: New Direction in Media Effects Research. Newbury Park, CA:Sage, 1990, 13-31.
     Narcy, S. T., "Patterns in Prime Time.` Journal of Communication, 24, 1974, 118-130.
     Nikken, P. & Peeters, A. L., "Children`s Perceptions of Television Reality." Journal of
     Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 32:4, 1988, 441-452.
     Noble, G., Children in Front of the Small Screen, Beverly Hills:Sage, 1975.
     Nolan, J. D., Gulsi, J. P. & White, M. A., “Sex Bias on Children`s Television Programs."
     Journal of Psychology ,96, 1977, 197-204.
     O`Bryant, S. L. & Corder-Bolz, C. R., "The Effects of Television on Children`s Stereotyping of Woman`s Work Roles." Journal of Vocational Behavior, 12, 1978, 233-244.
     Perlmutter, H. V., "Correlates of Two Types of Xenophilic Orientation." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52, 1956, 130-135.
     Perse, E. D., "Soap Opera Viewing Pattern of College Students and Cultivation." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media ,30:2, 1986, 175-193.
     Phillips, D. & Hensley, H., "When Violence is Rewareded or Punished: `The Impact of Mass Media Stories on Homicides." Journal of Communication, Summer 1984, 101-115. Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B., The Psychology of the Child, New York, Basic Books, 1969.
     Pingree, S., "Children`s Cognitive Processes in Constructing Social Reality." Journalism
     Quarterly, 60, 1983, 415-422.
     Poeke, L. V., Gerbner’s Cultural Indicators, In Mass Communication Reviews Yearbook 1, Beveilg Hills. 1980.
     Potter, W. J., “Perceived Reality and the Cultivation Hypothesis." Journal of
     Broadcasting & ElectronicMedia, 30:2, 1986, 159-174.
     Reep. D. C. & Dambrot, F. H., "Effects of Frequent Television Viewing on Stereotypes: `Drip. Drip`or `Drench’?” Journalism Quarterly. 66: 3, 1989, 542-550.
     Robert, D. F., "Communication and Children:A Developmental Approach." Handbook of Communication, Chicago:Rand McNally College Publishing, 1973, 244-258.
     Robert, D. F. & Schramm, W. Children`s Learning From the Hass Media: The Process and Effects of Hass Communication,1971.
     Rosengren, K. E. & Windahl, S.,"Hass Media Consumption as a Functional Alternative." In D. McQuail (Eds.), Sociology of Mass Communication, England: Penguin Books Ltd., 1972, 177-190.
     Rosenthal, R. & Jacobson, L., Pygmalion in the Classroom, New York: Holt, Rinehart &
     Winston. 1968.
     Schramm, W., "What their Search Says”, In W. Schramm (Ed.), Quality in Instructional
     Television, Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1972.
     Schramm, W., Jack, L. & Eewin, B. P., Television in the Lives of Our Children, Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1961.
     Seggar, J. F.& Wheeler, P., "World of Work on TV: Ethnic and Sex Representation in TV Drama." Journal of Broadcasting, 17, 1973, 201-214.
     Siegel, S.,”Certain Determinants of Correlates of Authoritarianism." Genetic
     Psychology Monographs, 49, 1954, 187-229.
     Signorieli. N., "Marital Status in Television Drama: A Case of Reduced Options." Journal of Broadcasting, 26: 2, 1982, 585-592.
     Simmons, D. D., IIChildren`s Rankgins of Occupational Prestige." Personnel and Guidance Journal, 41, 1962, 332-336.
     Skinner, B. F., The Technology of Teaching, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall,
     1968.
     Slovice, P., "Cue-consistence and Cue-utilization in Judgement", American Journal of
     Psychology, 79, 1966, 427-434.
     Smythe, D. W., "Reality as Presented by Television." Public Opinion Quarterly, 1954, 143-154.
     Sternglanz, S. & Serbin, L., "Sex Role Research on the Mass Media." "Journal of Communication, 25, 1975, 107-131.
     Tedesco, N., "Patterns in Prime Time." Journal of Communication, 24, 1974, 110-124 .
     Thorndike, E. L., Psychology of Learning: Educational Psychology, vol.2, N.Y.:
     Teachers College Press, 1913.
     Wagenaar, T. C., Occupational Aspiration and Intended Field of Study in College, Oxford, Ohio:Miami Univ., 1984.
     Walker, B. L., "The Relationship Between Teacher Expectation and the Occupational
     Aspirations of Seniors in Seleceed Residential Schools for the Deaf."
     Dissertation Abstracts International, 41:21, 1980, 648-654.
     Wartella, E., "Child as an Audience." Mass Communication Research, publshed by The Graduate School of Journalism National Chengchi University, 43, 1990, 39-54.
     Watkins, B., "Children`s Representations of Television and Real-Life Stories."
     Communication Research, 15, 1988, 159-184.
     Watzman, L. T. Eifler, D., Hokada, E. & Ross, C., "Sex-Role Socialization in Picture Books for Preschool Children." American Journal of Sociology, 6, 1972, 1124-1150.
     Weiner, M., "Another Look at the CuIturally Deprived and Their Levels of Aspiration."
     Journal of Education Sociology, 36, 1963, 310-324.
     Wiggins, N., Hoffman, P. J. & Taber, T., "Types of Judgement of Intelligence." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 12,1969, 52-59.
     Zuckerman, D. M., Singer, D. 6. & Singer, J. L., "Children`s Televistion Viewing, Racial and Sex-Role Attitudes." Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10, 1980, 281-294.		zh_TW