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題名 荷蘭、比利時創新政策之比較研究
Comparative Study on Netherlands and Belgium Innovation Policies
作者 蘇柏鈞
貢獻者 吳思華
蘇柏鈞
關鍵詞 國家創新系統
創新政策
National innovation system
Innovation policy
日期 2008
上傳時間 9-五月-2016 11:29:45 (UTC+8)
摘要 科技競爭力是經濟持續成長的動力,而政府、企業與國家之整體科技能量為發展科技經濟的重要支柱。於全球科技經濟的持續發展之下,研發(R&D)的投入、創新(Innovation)的擴散,並逐漸在以知識(Knowledge)作為競爭基礎的全球化社會與網際網路時代中日益重要,而在此趨勢之下,企業除了應積極規劃產業轉型,政府創新政策(Innovation Policy)的支持更是不可或缺的條件,各國家莫不體認到「創新能力」是現代國家競爭力的重要關鍵。
      美國在甘乃迪總統時代,便將「創新政策(Innovation Policy)」視為政府產業科技政策中非常重要的一環,其目的在獎勵新興產業中之科技創新,因其能符合國家的需求及達到改善經濟情勢的目標,但由於私人企業的資源有限,無法在有限的時間及預算內開發出符合社會大眾需求的產品。所以,甘乃迪主張政府應負責主導產業科技創新發展的方向,同時政府應提供企業界財力及其它資源上的補助。
      創新相關的概念逐步發展,到晚近十多年,西歐幾個國家包括丹麥、瑞典和英國的產業經濟與政策研究學者,開始提倡「國家創新系統(National Innovation System)」的概念。過去,人們直接將科學系統(Science system)視為唯一的創新指標(Innovation indicator),科學投入(Science input,如R&D預算)的增加直接助長創新及科技的發展。這個以科技推力為主的簡單線性關係模型的觀念已被「系統式模式(Systemic approaches)」所取代。
      亦即創新為研究、發展、行銷、擴散(Research, development, marketing, diffusion)每一階段交互作用的成果,而非單單是R&D的投入面而已,也就是說創新活動來自創新系統(Innovation system)中每一成員(如政府、大學、私人企業)及每一步驟(研究、發展、行銷、擴散)的交互作用等,而不只是學術界與R&D的事而已。
      歐州近年來針對創新政策相關議題多所著墨,而自2000年開始,荷蘭、比利時是歐洲中於國家競爭力上有卓越表現的國家,而基於版圖規模和經濟特質,在科技產業之推動與創新政策之發展上,以上各國顯然有許多值得臺灣借鏡與學習的地方,本研究期望對荷蘭、比利時二國創新政策做深入淺出的剖析,並以國家創新系統為依歸,歸納出對正努力邁向知識密集、附加價值的臺灣一個值得參考之啟示與學習典範。
Technological competitive strength is the power for the continuous growth of the economy. And the technological power of the government, enterprises and the country is the critical mainstay of the development of technological economy. Under the continuous development of the world economy, the investment on R&D and the spread of innovation become more important in the competition with the knowledge base in the global world and internet era. Under this trend, besides planning the transform of the products, the enterprise needs the government`s Innovation Policy as a necessary factor. All the countries realize that Innovation is the key to the modern nations` competitive strength.
     During the Kennedy period, the U.S. regards Innovation Policy as a most important part of the government`s high-technology industry. The aim is to encourage the technological innovation in the new industry, because it conforms to the country`s needs and may improve the economic condition. However, as the private enterprises have limited power and cannot produce the products conforming with people`s needs during a time limit. Therefore, Kennedy advocates that government should be responsible to lead the industrial technology, and provides some monetary and other aids.
     Concepts relating to innovation are gradually developing. In the recent ten years, theory studying scholars from western European countries, including Denmark, Sweden and U.K., begin to advocate National Innovation System. In the past, people regard Science system as the only Innovation indicator, thinking that the growth of Science input will directly foster innovation and the development of technology. This simple linar model has already been replaced by Systemic approaches; that is, innovation is not the result by R&D but the result of the co-operation of research, development, marketing, diffusion. It can also be interpreted that innovation comes from every single member (such as the government, university, private enterprise) and every step, not just the academic circles and R&D.
     In the recent years, Europe has a lot of works on innovation policy. Since 2000, Netherlands and Belgium are marvelous countries. As for the domain size and the economy quality, Taiwan needs to learn from the above countries on the development of technology industry and innovation policy. The research expects deep analysis on the innovation policies of this three countries; in the meantime, arranges a valuable example for Taiwan on the way to knowledge-intensive and value added.
第一章 緒論 2
     第一節 研究背景與動機 2
     第二節 研究目的與問題 6
     第三節 研究流程 7
     第二章 文獻探討 8
     第一節 創新與創新政策 8
     第二節 國家創新系統 14
     第三節 小結 22
     第三章 研究方法 23
     第一節 研究架構與研究構面 23
     第二節 研究資料選取 26
     第三節 研究限制 27
     第四章 荷蘭創新政策之描述 28
     第一節 國家概況 28
     第二節 創新系統之組成 30
     第三節 創新政策與成果 44
     第五章 比利時創新政策之描述 53
     第一節 國家概況 53
     第二節 創新系統之組成 55
     第三節 創新政策與成果 68
     第六章 二國創新政策比較 80
     第一節 創新系統特點比較 80
     第二節 創新政策比較 89
     第三節 小結 94
     第七章 結論與建議 96
     第一節 研究結論 96
     第二節 研究建議 97
     參考文獻 98
參考文獻 壹. 中文部份
     
     上海科技發展研究中心(2006),荷蘭創新能力的評估與創新政策地調整,科技發展研究,第19期,頁1-7。
     吳思華、陳宗文(2001),「歐洲各國科技政策比較分析之研究」,國科會專題研究計畫成果報告。
     吳思華、溫肇東、顏如妙(2002),「從產業政策、科技政策到創新政策—從歷屆全國科技會議及歐盟創新政策的觀察」,政大公共政策論壇全球化與台灣研討會,政治大學,2002年6月12日。
     吳思華、陳意文(2007)「從策略性產業到創新生態系統:以韓國政府推動智慧家庭產業為例 」,2007產業創新研討會論文集,國立政治大學創新與創造力研究中心主辦。
     承立平(1997),「我國高科技產業發展政策之做法與檢討」,經濟情勢暨評論,頁1-37。
     林捷(2006),2005年比利時科技發展綜述,全球科技經濟嘹望,總第244期,頁9-15。
     陳井星(1993),「科技發展的政策工具」,科技發展政策論文集,臺北:臺灣經濟研究院,頁79。
     陳畊麗 (2001),「建設國家創新系統、縮小知識差距」,《自由中國之工業》,第91卷第6期,頁39~68。
     徐作聖(1999),科技政策與國家創新系統,華泰書局。
     孫智麗(2000),「國家創新系統—知識經濟體系下創新政策的新思維」,APEC Review第六期,民國89年12月。
     麥克波特著,李明軒,邱如美譯(1996),國家競爭優勢上、下冊,天下遠見出版有限公司。
     張天明(2003),對歐盟科技創新政策的分析和評價,全球科技經濟嘹望。
     許榮富(2004),歐盟創新科技政策之新藍圖暨其對臺灣釐定後時代科技研發政策之衝擊與省思,布魯塞爾,駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處科技組。
     黃仁宏、林佳燕、黃俊閎(2001),「國家創新體系對我國生技產業發展之影響」,經濟情勢評論,第七卷第一期,頁62-90。
     黃藍逸(2007),看似追趕中經濟體之國家創新性比較—以台灣與南韓為例,國立交通大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。
     劉孟俊(2002),《北歐國家發展科技產業之策略及成效分析》,經濟部研發會委託研究報告。
     鍾嶽勳(2002),「臺灣科技政策決策機制變遷之研究」,臺灣大學政治研究學系碩士論文。
     
     
     貳. 西文部份
     
     Annual Innovation Policy Trends and Appraisal Report Belgium 2004
     Annual Innovation Policy Trends and Appraisal Report Belgium 2005
     Annual Innovation Policy Trends and Appraisal Report Belgium 2006
     Annual Innovation Policy Trends and Appraisal Report Netherlands 2004
     Annual Innovation Policy Trends and Appraisal Report Netherlands 2005
     Annual Innovation Policy Trends and Appraisal Report Netherlands 2006
     Asheim B, Isaksen A, 1997. “Location, agglomeration and innovation: toward regional innovation systemes in Norway”, European Planning Studies, 5(3) .
     CESIT, 2000, The National Innovation System of Belgium: the Institutional Profile.
     Cooke P and Schienstock G , 2000 . “Structural competitiveness and learning regions”, Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies , 1 (3 ) : 265 - 280.
     Cooke P, Boekholt P, Todtling F,2000. The governance of innovation in Europe[M]. London: Pinter.
     D. Doloreux, 2000 .“What we should know about regional systems of innovation”, Technology in Society, (24) .
     Dosigetal, ,1998. Technical change and economic theory[M]. London: Pinter.
     Freeman C, 1982.“Technology and Economic Progress:Lessons for Japan”,London: Printe.
     Freeman C,1988. “Japan:A new national system of innovation?”, Technological Change and Economic Theory, London Pinter.
     Freeman Christopher, “The Economics of Industrial Innovation”, MIT Press.
     John Hadgedoom, Myriam Cloodt, 2003.“Measuring Innovation performance: is there an advantage in using multiple indicators?”, Research Policy 32.
     Lundvall, Bengt-Ake, 1992,“National Systems of Innovations:towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning”, pinter publishers.
     Mansfield E, 1986,“Patents and Innovation: an empirical study”, Management Science 32.
     Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Science, Technology and Innovation in the Netherlands: Policies, facts and figures, The Hague, June 2004, p. 14
     Nelson, Richard R, 1993.“National Innovation systems — A comparative Analysis”, Oxford University Press.
     OECD, 1999c, Managing National Innovation System, Paris.
     OECD, 2001b, STI Scoreboard , Paris.
     OECD, 2002, Science, Technology and Industry Outlook, Paris.
     OECD, 2003, Public-private partnership for research and innovation: an evaluation of the Dutch experience, Paris.
     OECD, 2004, Science and Innovation Policy: Key Challenges and Opportunities, Paris.
     Porter M, 2002.“National Innovation Capacity Index”, WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report 2002/2003, Geneva, Switzerland.
     Porter, M E, 1990. The Competitive Advantage of the Nations. New York: The Free Press.
     Rothwell R, 1983. “The difficulties of national innovation policies”The trouble with technology, London, Frances Printer.
     Rothwell R, Zegveld W, 1985. Reindustrialization and Technology[M]. London:Longman Group Limited.
     Rothwell R, Zegveld W, 1981. “Industrial Innovation and Public Policy,preparing for the 19103s and the 1990s,” Frances Pinter,pp61.
     Todtling F, Kaufmann A, 1997. “Innovation systems in regions of Europe – A comparative perspective”, European Planning Studies, 7(6)
     
     
     參. 網站部份
     
     BSIK, http://www.senternovem.nl/bsik/
     CORDIS, http://cordis.europa.eu
     Gateway to Research and Technologies in Wallonia, http://recherche-technologie.wallonie.be
     Het Vlaams Innovatienetwerk, http://www.innovatienetwerk.be
     IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, http://www.imd.ch/wcy
     IBBT, http://www.ibbt.com
     IMEC, http://www.imec.be
     Innovatievouchers, http://www.senternovem.nl/innovatievouchers/
     IOP, http://www.senternovem.nl/iop/
     IWT, http://www.iwt.be
     KNAW Annual Report 2007, http://www.knaw.nl/organisation/pdf/annualreport2007.pdf
     LTI, http://www.polymers.nl/opencms/en_NL/About_DPI/LTI/
     NWO, http://www.nwo.nl
     NWO-Casimir, http://www.nwo.nl/subsidiewijzer.nsf/pages/NWOP_69GLQX?Opendocument
     SenterNovem, http://www.senternovem.nl
     Spin-off in Brussels, http://www.irsib.irisnet.be/soib_fr.htm
     TechnoPartner, http://www.technopartner.nl/
     TNO Annual Review 2007, http://www.tno.nl/downloads/tno_annual_review_2007.pdf
     TrendChart, http://www.trendchart.org
     Valorisation Grant, http://www.stw.nl/Programmas/ValorisationGrant/Default.htm
     VIB, http://www.vib.be
     VIS, http://www.iwt.be/steun/steunpro/vis/index.html
     WEF – Global Competitiveness Report, http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp
     Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理研究所
93359017
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093359017
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳思華zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 蘇柏鈞zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 蘇柏鈞zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-五月-2016 11:29:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-五月-2016 11:29:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-五月-2016 11:29:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0093359017en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/94702-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93359017zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 科技競爭力是經濟持續成長的動力,而政府、企業與國家之整體科技能量為發展科技經濟的重要支柱。於全球科技經濟的持續發展之下,研發(R&D)的投入、創新(Innovation)的擴散,並逐漸在以知識(Knowledge)作為競爭基礎的全球化社會與網際網路時代中日益重要,而在此趨勢之下,企業除了應積極規劃產業轉型,政府創新政策(Innovation Policy)的支持更是不可或缺的條件,各國家莫不體認到「創新能力」是現代國家競爭力的重要關鍵。
      美國在甘乃迪總統時代,便將「創新政策(Innovation Policy)」視為政府產業科技政策中非常重要的一環,其目的在獎勵新興產業中之科技創新,因其能符合國家的需求及達到改善經濟情勢的目標,但由於私人企業的資源有限,無法在有限的時間及預算內開發出符合社會大眾需求的產品。所以,甘乃迪主張政府應負責主導產業科技創新發展的方向,同時政府應提供企業界財力及其它資源上的補助。
      創新相關的概念逐步發展,到晚近十多年,西歐幾個國家包括丹麥、瑞典和英國的產業經濟與政策研究學者,開始提倡「國家創新系統(National Innovation System)」的概念。過去,人們直接將科學系統(Science system)視為唯一的創新指標(Innovation indicator),科學投入(Science input,如R&D預算)的增加直接助長創新及科技的發展。這個以科技推力為主的簡單線性關係模型的觀念已被「系統式模式(Systemic approaches)」所取代。
      亦即創新為研究、發展、行銷、擴散(Research, development, marketing, diffusion)每一階段交互作用的成果,而非單單是R&D的投入面而已,也就是說創新活動來自創新系統(Innovation system)中每一成員(如政府、大學、私人企業)及每一步驟(研究、發展、行銷、擴散)的交互作用等,而不只是學術界與R&D的事而已。
      歐州近年來針對創新政策相關議題多所著墨,而自2000年開始,荷蘭、比利時是歐洲中於國家競爭力上有卓越表現的國家,而基於版圖規模和經濟特質,在科技產業之推動與創新政策之發展上,以上各國顯然有許多值得臺灣借鏡與學習的地方,本研究期望對荷蘭、比利時二國創新政策做深入淺出的剖析,並以國家創新系統為依歸,歸納出對正努力邁向知識密集、附加價值的臺灣一個值得參考之啟示與學習典範。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Technological competitive strength is the power for the continuous growth of the economy. And the technological power of the government, enterprises and the country is the critical mainstay of the development of technological economy. Under the continuous development of the world economy, the investment on R&D and the spread of innovation become more important in the competition with the knowledge base in the global world and internet era. Under this trend, besides planning the transform of the products, the enterprise needs the government`s Innovation Policy as a necessary factor. All the countries realize that Innovation is the key to the modern nations` competitive strength.
     During the Kennedy period, the U.S. regards Innovation Policy as a most important part of the government`s high-technology industry. The aim is to encourage the technological innovation in the new industry, because it conforms to the country`s needs and may improve the economic condition. However, as the private enterprises have limited power and cannot produce the products conforming with people`s needs during a time limit. Therefore, Kennedy advocates that government should be responsible to lead the industrial technology, and provides some monetary and other aids.
     Concepts relating to innovation are gradually developing. In the recent ten years, theory studying scholars from western European countries, including Denmark, Sweden and U.K., begin to advocate National Innovation System. In the past, people regard Science system as the only Innovation indicator, thinking that the growth of Science input will directly foster innovation and the development of technology. This simple linar model has already been replaced by Systemic approaches; that is, innovation is not the result by R&D but the result of the co-operation of research, development, marketing, diffusion. It can also be interpreted that innovation comes from every single member (such as the government, university, private enterprise) and every step, not just the academic circles and R&D.
     In the recent years, Europe has a lot of works on innovation policy. Since 2000, Netherlands and Belgium are marvelous countries. As for the domain size and the economy quality, Taiwan needs to learn from the above countries on the development of technology industry and innovation policy. The research expects deep analysis on the innovation policies of this three countries; in the meantime, arranges a valuable example for Taiwan on the way to knowledge-intensive and value added.
en_US
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 第一章 緒論 2
     第一節 研究背景與動機 2
     第二節 研究目的與問題 6
     第三節 研究流程 7
     第二章 文獻探討 8
     第一節 創新與創新政策 8
     第二節 國家創新系統 14
     第三節 小結 22
     第三章 研究方法 23
     第一節 研究架構與研究構面 23
     第二節 研究資料選取 26
     第三節 研究限制 27
     第四章 荷蘭創新政策之描述 28
     第一節 國家概況 28
     第二節 創新系統之組成 30
     第三節 創新政策與成果 44
     第五章 比利時創新政策之描述 53
     第一節 國家概況 53
     第二節 創新系統之組成 55
     第三節 創新政策與成果 68
     第六章 二國創新政策比較 80
     第一節 創新系統特點比較 80
     第二節 創新政策比較 89
     第三節 小結 94
     第七章 結論與建議 96
     第一節 研究結論 96
     第二節 研究建議 97
     參考文獻 98
-
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 2
      第一節 研究背景與動機 2
      第二節 研究目的與問題 6
      第三節 研究流程 7
     第二章 文獻探討 8
      第一節 創新與創新政策 8
      第二節 國家創新系統 14
      第三節 小結 22
     第三章 研究方法 23
      第一節 研究架構與研究構面 23
      第二節 研究資料選取 26
      第三節 研究限制 27
     第四章 荷蘭創新政策之描述 28
      第一節 國家概況 28
      第二節 創新系統之組成 30
      第三節 創新政策與成果 44
     第五章 比利時創新政策之描述 53
      第一節 國家概況 53
      第二節 創新系統之組成 55
      第三節 創新政策與成果 68
     第六章 二國創新政策比較 80
      第一節 創新系統特點比較 80
      第二節 創新政策比較 89
      第三節 小結 94
     第七章 結論與建議 96
      第一節 研究結論 96
      第二節 研究建議 97
     參考文獻 98
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093359017en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家創新系統zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創新政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) National innovation systemen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Innovation policyen_US
dc.title (題名) 荷蘭、比利時創新政策之比較研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Comparative Study on Netherlands and Belgium Innovation Policiesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹. 中文部份
     
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     貳. 西文部份
     
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     參. 網站部份
     
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     Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
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