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題名 居住隔離和門禁社區現象之探討─以台北都會區的文山區和新店市為例
Exploring Residential Segregation and Gated Communities Phenomena- Case Studies of Wenshan District and Sindian City within Taipei Metropolitan Area作者 林宜謙
Lin, Yi-Chian貢獻者 陳小紅
林宜謙
Lin, Yi-Chian關鍵詞 門禁社區
居住隔離
社會階層化
空間階層化
gated communities
residential segregation
social stratification
spatial stratification日期 2009 上傳時間 9-五月-2016 13:26:29 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究企圖從西方社會討論相當熱烈的「門禁社區」現象,去探討在台北都會區的歷史背景脈絡下,所形成之門禁社區現象,並進一步探討既存於台灣都會區的居住隔離,進而理解門禁社區居民其生活經驗、鄰里互動等社會層面之意涵,希望能開啟社會學與門禁社區經驗現象間的對話和反思。美國都市社會學的傳統之一,即在於有不少社會學家關注和回顧地理空間對於種族、階級、性別、年齡和資源分配、分化的重要影響,近年來於居住空間和社會學間的整合研究中,出現了「門禁社區」此一研究議題。在台灣的相關研究中,對於門禁社區的研究資料仍有所缺少,因此希望藉由探討台北都會區門禁社區和居住隔離現象,以及由社會意涵瞭解門禁社區所形成的空間形構狀況和意義,來作為補充對於門禁社區相關研究的重要實證資料。本研究以居住隔離的觀點和援引結構化理論,一方面探究門禁社區和居住隔離現象的關聯性,另一方面則從行動者和結構相互制約的觀點出發,藉以分析門禁社區居住者、社區管理委員會與門禁社區間的關係和意義,並說明眾多因素如何使門禁社區增強居住隔離的現象。 參考文獻 一、中文書目中華民國都會發展協進會,1998,《東區風華─台北市東區歷史圖文集》,台北市:圓神。米復國,1988,《臺灣的住宅政策:「國民住宅計畫」之社會學分析》,台灣大學土木工程學研究所博士論文。安東尼‧紀登斯著、李康、李猛譯,2007,《社會的構成─結構化理論大綱》,台北縣:左岸文化。李泓見、張金鶚、花敬群,2006,〈台北都會區不同住宅類型價差之研究〉,《台灣土地研究》,9(1):63-87。沈庭增,2007,《都市仙丹─台北市「小套房」之空間生產與消費》,台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所碩士論文。林欽榮,1995,《都市設計在台灣》,台北市:創興。胡幼慧主編,2002,《質性研究:理論、方法及本土女性研究實例》,台北:巨流。夏鑄九、林樂昕,2007,〈對殖民現代性的反身書寫─冷戰時期的台北山仔后美軍宿舍保存與台灣的現代建築移植〉,2007年文化研究會議「城流鄉動」論文,由文化研究學會與台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所主辦。夏鑄九,1988,《台灣的住宅政策「國民住宅計劃」之社會學分析》,台北市:國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所都市計劃室。許坤榮,1995,《住宅消費兼投資行為之分析》,台灣大學土木工程學研究所博士論文。許麗芩、王雅慧,2005,《台北城市相簿》。台北市:北市新聞處。陳小紅,1994,〈都市住宅區位分化及其成因之探討─以台北市為例〉,行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告陳亮全,1991,〈台灣地區公部門住宅發展之回顧與檢討〉,《住宅政策與法令研討會論文集》,中華民國住宅學會,頁35-56。陳覺惠,2000,〈台灣地區集合住宅形態發展趨勢與當前社區經營管理議題〉,《東海學報》,41:97-113。陳向明,2006,《社會科學質的研究》,台北市:五南。張明雄、單兆榮、郭亭合著,1999,《躍昇的城市─台北》,台北:前衛。張景森,1993,《台灣的都市計劃》,台北市:業強。曾旭正,1994,《戰後台北的都市過程與都市意識型態之研究》,臺灣大學土木工程學研究所博士論文。章英華,2003,〈都市化、城鄉關係與社區〉,收錄於王振寰、瞿海源主編,《社會學與台灣社會》,頁477-504,台北:巨流。葉肅科,1993,《日落台北城:日治時代台北都市發展與台人日常生活 (1895-1945)》,台北市:自立晚報。黃富三,1995,《台北建城百年史》,台北:台北文獻會。鈴木成文編著,江支川譯,2002,《現代日本住居論》,台南:亞當斯數位影像。蔡丁財主編,2002,《新店人的歷史》,台北:新店市公所。臧家宜,2001,《商業時代》,第五十期,臺灣:臺灣英文雜誌社股份有限公司。薛益忠,2006,《都市地理學》,台北:三民。蕭惠文,1986,《台北市都市集合住宅空間形式轉化研究》,中原大學建築研究所碩士論文。二、網路資料台北市政府地政處─公告土地現值及公告地價查詢系統, http://210.241.73.250/query/prc/Input_p.asp,瀏覽日期2008/12/14三、西文書目Atkinson, R. and Blandy, S., 2005, “Introduction: International Perspectives on The New Enclavism and the Rise of Gated Community”, Housing Studies, 20(2):177-186.Biterman, D. and Franzen, E., 2007, “Residential Segregation(Chapter 6)”, International Social Welfare, 16: S127-S162.Blakely, E. J. and Snyder, M. G.,1998,"Forting up: Gated communities in the United States." Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 15(1): 61-72.Blakely, E. J. and Snyder, M. G.,1997a, Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.─1997b,” Divided We Fall: Gated and Walled Communities in the United States”, in Nan Ellin(ed.)Architecture of Fear, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, pp.85-99.Blandy, S., Lister, D., Atkinson, R., & Flint, J., 2003, “Gated Communities: A Systematic Review of the Research Evidence”, CNR Paper 12, ESRC Center for Neighborhood Research, http://www.bristol.ac.uk/sps/cnrpaperspdf/cnr12pap.pdf Blauw, W., 1991, “Conclusion”, in E. D. Huttman et al.(eds.) Urban Housing Segregation of Minorities in Western Europe and the United States, Durham and London: Duke University Press, Pp. 391-402. 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Environment & Planning B: Planning & Design, 29(3):321-337.Glasze, G., 2006, “Segregation and Seclusion: the case of Compounds for Western Expatriates in Saudi Arabia”, GeoJournal, 66:83-88.Glass, R. et al., 1964, London: Aspects of Change, London: Macgibbon and Kee.Grant, J. and Mittelsteadt, L, 2004, “Types of Gated Communities”. Environment & Planning B: Planning & Design, 31(6):913-930.Greenstein, R., Sabatini, F., and Smolka , M., 2000, “Urban Spatial Segregation: Forces, Consequences, and Policy Responses”, Land Lines, 12(6), at http://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/PubDetail.aspx?pubid=276 Helsley, W. and Strange, C., 1999, “Gated Communities and the Economic Geography of Crime”, Journal of Urban Economic, 46: 80-105.Jorgowsky, P., 1996, “Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas”, American Sociological Review, 61:984-998.Le Goix, R., 2005, “Gated Communities: Sprawl and Social Segregation in Southern California”, Housing Studies, 20(2): 323-343.Low, S., 2003, Behind the gates: Life, Security, and Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America, New York: Routledge.Low, S., 2001, “The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear”, American Anthropologist, 103(1): 45-58.Low, S., 2000, “The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear”, at http://062.cpla.cf.ac.uk/wbimages/gci/setha1.html. Leisch, H. ,2002, "Gated Communities in Indonesia", Cities, 19(5): 341-350.Lang, R. and Danielson, K., 1997, “Gated Communities in America: walling out the world?”, Housing Policy Debate, 8:4.Marcuse, P., 1997, “Walls of Fear and Walls of Support”, in Nan Ellin(ed.)Architecture of Fear, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, pp.101-114.Marcuse, P., 2001, “Enclave, yes, Ghetto, no: Segregation and the State”, in the Seminar on Segregation in the City Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA, 25-28, July.Massey, D. and Denton, N., 1993, American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Massey, D. and Denton, N., 1988, “The Dimensions of Residential Segregation”, Social Forces, 67(2):281-315.McKenzie, E., 1998, “Homeowner Associations and California Politics: An Exploratory Analysis”, Urban Affairs Review, 34: 52-75.Madanipour, A., Cars, G., & Allen, J., 1998, “Exclusion in European Cities: Processes, Experiences, and Responses”, In R. LeGates & F. Stout (Eds.), The City Reader, pp. 181–188, London: Routledge.Manzi, T. and Smith-Bowers, B., 2005, “Gated communities as Club Goods: Segregation or Social Cohesion?”, Housing Studies, 20(2):345–359.Pompe, J., 1998, “Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States”(book review), Southern Economic Journal, 65(1):192-194.Park, R. and Burgess E., 1921, Introduction to the Science of Sociology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Sanchez, T., Lang , R., &, Dhavale, D., 2005, “Security versus Status? A First look at the Census’s Gated Community Data”, Journal of Housing Education and Research, 24:284-291.Tickamyer, A. R. ,2000, "Space Matters! Spatial Inequality in Future Sociology", Contemporary Sociology ,29(6): 805-813.Vergara, J., 1995, The New American Ghetto, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.White, M., 1983, “The Measurement of Spatial Segregation”, The American Journal of Sociology, 88(5): 1008-1018.Wu, F. and Webber, K., 2004, "The rise of ‘foreign gated communities’ in Beijing: between economic globalization and local institutions", Cities, 21(3): 203-213.Webster, C., 2002, “Property rights and the Public realm: gates, green belt, and Gemeinschaft”, Enviorment and Planning B, 29:397-412.Wilson-Doenges, G., 2000, “An Explanation of Sense of Community and Fear of Crime in Gated Communities”, Environment and Behavior, 32(5):597-611. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會學系
95254021資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0952540211 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳小紅 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 林宜謙 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Lin, Yi-Chian en_US dc.creator (作者) 林宜謙 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Yi-Chian en_US dc.date (日期) 2009 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-五月-2016 13:26:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-五月-2016 13:26:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-五月-2016 13:26:29 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0952540211 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/94912 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 95254021 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究企圖從西方社會討論相當熱烈的「門禁社區」現象,去探討在台北都會區的歷史背景脈絡下,所形成之門禁社區現象,並進一步探討既存於台灣都會區的居住隔離,進而理解門禁社區居民其生活經驗、鄰里互動等社會層面之意涵,希望能開啟社會學與門禁社區經驗現象間的對話和反思。美國都市社會學的傳統之一,即在於有不少社會學家關注和回顧地理空間對於種族、階級、性別、年齡和資源分配、分化的重要影響,近年來於居住空間和社會學間的整合研究中,出現了「門禁社區」此一研究議題。在台灣的相關研究中,對於門禁社區的研究資料仍有所缺少,因此希望藉由探討台北都會區門禁社區和居住隔離現象,以及由社會意涵瞭解門禁社區所形成的空間形構狀況和意義,來作為補充對於門禁社區相關研究的重要實證資料。本研究以居住隔離的觀點和援引結構化理論,一方面探究門禁社區和居住隔離現象的關聯性,另一方面則從行動者和結構相互制約的觀點出發,藉以分析門禁社區居住者、社區管理委員會與門禁社區間的關係和意義,並說明眾多因素如何使門禁社區增強居住隔離的現象。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 5第一節 住在堡壘裡面很好嗎?追求夢想家園之歌 5第二節 研究動機和目的 6第二章 文獻回顧 9第一節 西方門禁社區(Gated Communities)的定義和內涵 9第二節 西方的門禁社區分類 12第三節 世界各地門禁社區相關研究回顧 15第四節 居住隔離現象之回顧 21第三章 建構台北都會區的門禁社區現象 26第一節 門禁社區歷史探究 26第二節 門禁社區的類型界定 38第四章 研究方法與設計 41第一節 研究範圍與對象 41第二節 抽樣方法和取得訪談對象聯繫方式 43第三節 研究方法 49第四節 一個理論性的工具架構─結構化理論(Structuration Theory)之應用 51第五節 研究倫理 53第五章 訪談資料內容分析結果 54第一節 各類門禁社區的「門禁機制系統」概述─城堡是否依然堅固? 56第二節 是否存在居住隔離─真實空間與社會互動的隔離現象 63第三節 行動者與結構間的相互制約─居民和管委會的矛盾關係 77第四節 描繪人人的夢想家園 84第六章 結論與建議 89第一節 總結 89第二節 研究困難與建議 95參考書目 97附錄1 各受訪門禁社區基本資料一覽 104附錄2 各門禁社區受訪者資料一覽 105附錄3 對於門禁社區居住者的訪談問題題綱 107附錄4 對於門禁社區周邊居住者的訪談問題題綱(非門禁社區住戶)……….111 表目錄表2-1 居民選擇不同類型門禁社區的重要因素排序 13表3-1 台北都會區的門禁社區屬性分類一覽 39表4-1 門禁社區住戶受訪者名單一覽 45表4-2 非門禁社區受訪者名單一覽 46表5-1 門禁社區受訪者基本資料統計一覽 55表5-2 對於自我階層認同感的自評概況 64表5-3 文山區萬芳段二小段之地號與公告現值一覽 69表5-4 未來夢想家園之選擇表 84圖目錄圖1-1 典型門禁社區的樣貌 5圖3-1 大台北華城的社區空間分布示意圖 33圖3-2 1945年後各時期門禁社區的發展空間分布 37圖3-3 研究流程圖 40圖4-1 本次研究範圍圖 46圖4-2 文山區門禁社區受訪者分布位置圖 47圖4-3 新店市區門禁社區受訪者分布位置圖 47圖4-4 新店市安坑地區門禁社區受訪者分布位置圖 48圖5-1 門禁社區群聚後的空間階層化現象 68圖5-2 門禁社區間的空間階層化現象 70圖5-3 安坑地區的大型門禁社區 71圖5-4 門禁社區、社會階層化、空間階層化和居住隔離關係圖 72 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0952540211 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 門禁社區 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 居住隔離 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會階層化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 空間階層化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) gated communities en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) residential segregation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) social stratification en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) spatial stratification en_US dc.title (題名) 居住隔離和門禁社區現象之探討─以台北都會區的文山區和新店市為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Exploring Residential Segregation and Gated Communities Phenomena- Case Studies of Wenshan District and Sindian City within Taipei Metropolitan Area en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文書目中華民國都會發展協進會,1998,《東區風華─台北市東區歷史圖文集》,台北市:圓神。米復國,1988,《臺灣的住宅政策:「國民住宅計畫」之社會學分析》,台灣大學土木工程學研究所博士論文。安東尼‧紀登斯著、李康、李猛譯,2007,《社會的構成─結構化理論大綱》,台北縣:左岸文化。李泓見、張金鶚、花敬群,2006,〈台北都會區不同住宅類型價差之研究〉,《台灣土地研究》,9(1):63-87。沈庭增,2007,《都市仙丹─台北市「小套房」之空間生產與消費》,台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所碩士論文。林欽榮,1995,《都市設計在台灣》,台北市:創興。胡幼慧主編,2002,《質性研究:理論、方法及本土女性研究實例》,台北:巨流。夏鑄九、林樂昕,2007,〈對殖民現代性的反身書寫─冷戰時期的台北山仔后美軍宿舍保存與台灣的現代建築移植〉,2007年文化研究會議「城流鄉動」論文,由文化研究學會與台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所主辦。夏鑄九,1988,《台灣的住宅政策「國民住宅計劃」之社會學分析》,台北市:國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所都市計劃室。許坤榮,1995,《住宅消費兼投資行為之分析》,台灣大學土木工程學研究所博士論文。許麗芩、王雅慧,2005,《台北城市相簿》。台北市:北市新聞處。陳小紅,1994,〈都市住宅區位分化及其成因之探討─以台北市為例〉,行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告陳亮全,1991,〈台灣地區公部門住宅發展之回顧與檢討〉,《住宅政策與法令研討會論文集》,中華民國住宅學會,頁35-56。陳覺惠,2000,〈台灣地區集合住宅形態發展趨勢與當前社區經營管理議題〉,《東海學報》,41:97-113。陳向明,2006,《社會科學質的研究》,台北市:五南。張明雄、單兆榮、郭亭合著,1999,《躍昇的城市─台北》,台北:前衛。張景森,1993,《台灣的都市計劃》,台北市:業強。曾旭正,1994,《戰後台北的都市過程與都市意識型態之研究》,臺灣大學土木工程學研究所博士論文。章英華,2003,〈都市化、城鄉關係與社區〉,收錄於王振寰、瞿海源主編,《社會學與台灣社會》,頁477-504,台北:巨流。葉肅科,1993,《日落台北城:日治時代台北都市發展與台人日常生活 (1895-1945)》,台北市:自立晚報。黃富三,1995,《台北建城百年史》,台北:台北文獻會。鈴木成文編著,江支川譯,2002,《現代日本住居論》,台南:亞當斯數位影像。蔡丁財主編,2002,《新店人的歷史》,台北:新店市公所。臧家宜,2001,《商業時代》,第五十期,臺灣:臺灣英文雜誌社股份有限公司。薛益忠,2006,《都市地理學》,台北:三民。蕭惠文,1986,《台北市都市集合住宅空間形式轉化研究》,中原大學建築研究所碩士論文。二、網路資料台北市政府地政處─公告土地現值及公告地價查詢系統, http://210.241.73.250/query/prc/Input_p.asp,瀏覽日期2008/12/14三、西文書目Atkinson, R. and Blandy, S., 2005, “Introduction: International Perspectives on The New Enclavism and the Rise of Gated Community”, Housing Studies, 20(2):177-186.Biterman, D. and Franzen, E., 2007, “Residential Segregation(Chapter 6)”, International Social Welfare, 16: S127-S162.Blakely, E. 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