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題名 中國大陸財政地方分權與人類發展指數之關係
作者 許淳澤
Hsu, Chun-Tse
貢獻者 黃智聰
許淳澤
Hsu, Chun-Tse
關鍵詞 中國
財政地方分權
人類發展指數
China
Fiscal Decentralization
Human Development Index
日期 2009
上傳時間 9-May-2016 15:16:03 (UTC+8)
摘要 中國自1978年經濟開放改革以來,快速的經濟成長是有目共睹的,在這一系列的改革當中,財政地方分權化被視為一個重要的刺激要素,所以有相當多的文獻深入探討財政地方分權化與經濟成長之間的關係。然而,資訊化的社會增廣了人們對於不同偏好的需求,高度的經濟成長表現也不再是人民唯一追求的目標,取而代之的是希望擁有一個完善與永續的生活環境,也因此聯合國發展計畫署(UNDP)設計了一個衡量區域發展的綜合指標,冀望藉由此指標能更客觀且多元的評估國家或是區域的人類發展程度。
     本篇文章之研究目的,即為探討中國的財政地方分權化對於區域人類發展的效果為何,因此利用中國6個年份的省市追蹤資料(panel data)來進行分析,並將財政地方分權化變數之平方項加入實證模型中,試圖探析中國的財政地方分權化,與區域人類發展是否存在非線性的關係。最後,本研究經由實證結果發現,財政地方分權化對於區域人類發展是有正面的幫助,然而這個助益會隨著分權程度的增加而消減,過了最適的臨界水準後甚至會有負向效果;也就是說,對於中國各省市而言,絕對財政中央集權化與完全財政地方分權化,對於區域人類發展皆會產生不良的影響。
     最後本研究亦認為,並非高度的財政分權化即可為地方人類發展帶來最大的助益,若中央能適度的下放財政權限,以利於資源的有效分配,其對於整體的社會發展來說才是最大的幫助。而依目前現況,中國政府應當在不持續擴張地方財政權限下,加速提高低度發展省分的財政地方分權程度,以增進區域的人類發展並且改善不均等現象。
Since China started the economical reform in 1978, the rapidly economic growth is extremely amazing. In the series of reform, the fiscal decentralization of region is viewed as an important factor. However, pursuing the economic growth will not be the only goal anymore now. Instead, people nowadays want to live in a sound environment. Thus, the United Nationals Developing Programme has designed a mixed index in order to measure the human development in nations or regions more objectively than before.
     The purpose of this study is to discuss what effects on human development will be when the fiscal decentralization of region is implemented in China. This study uses provincial-level panel data to analyze them, and finding that there is a positive causality but diminishing marginal returns. According to the results, for any provinces in China, whether the absolutely fiscal centralization or completely fiscal decentralization is implemented, there is no benefit for regional development. In conclusion, the high fiscal decentralization won’t benefit the people in the region the most. Thus, the best way for the overall social development is that the center government releases the fiscal power in an appropriate degree in China, so that the human development in the regions could be improved.
參考文獻 一、中文文獻
     中國財政經濟出版社(1999),《中國人類發展報告1999:經濟轉軌與政府的作用》。北京:中國財政經濟出版社。
     中國財政雜誌社(1996~2006),《中國財政年鑑》。北京:中國財政雜誌社。
     中國國家統計局(1996~2006),《中國統計年鑑》。北京:中國統計出版社。
     中國發展研究基金會(2005),《中國人類發展報告2005:追求公平的人類發展》。北京:中國對外翻譯出版社。
     四川省統計局(1996~1997),《四川統計年鑑》。北京:中國統計出版社。
     重慶市統計局(1996~1997),《重慶統計年鑑》。北京:中國統計出版社。
     高安邦、黃智聰、潘俊男(2005),「中國大陸地方政府效率與吸引外資之研究」,《經濟情勢與評論》,11(2),頁131-156。
     郭利平、方遠平(2001),「中國各省市人類發展指數的比較與分析」,《學術探索》,Z1,頁172-174。
     陳建勳(1999),《中國大陸中央和地方財政分權之實證分析》。台北:財團法人中華經濟硏究院。
     賈康、閻坤(2000),《中國財政:轉軌與變革》。上海:遠東出版社。
     趙志強、葉蜀君(2005),「東中西部地區差距的人類發展指數估計」,《華東經濟管理》,19(12),頁22-25。
     劉進、丁偉、劉軍民(2004),「關於公共支出與經濟增長關係的分析與實証研究」,《財政研究》,3,頁50-52。
     劉鶯釧、黃智聰(2003),「台灣區域性失業率差異的決定因素-兼論女性勞動力」,《誰偷走了我們的工作》。台北:天下遠見,頁231-262。
     潘雷馳(2006),「我國政府支出對人類發展指數影響的經驗分析」,《當代經濟科學》,28(2),頁52-59。
     霍景東、夏杰長(2005),「公共支出與人類發展指數--對中國的實證分析:1990-2002」,《財經論叢》,117,頁7-10。
     聯合國開發計畫署(2002),《中國人類發展報告2002:綠色發展必選之路》。北京:中國財政經濟出版社。
     聯合國開發計畫署(2008),《中國人類發展報告2007/2008:惠及13億人的基本公共服務》。北京:中國對外翻譯出版社。
     聯合國開發計畫署駐華代表處(1997),《中國人類發展報告1997:人類發展與扶貧》。北京:聯合國開發計畫署駐華代表處。
     戴珊珊(2007),「中國人類發展指數及其與政府支出的相關分析」,《經濟體制改革》,3,頁40-43。
     二、英文文獻
     Bahl, Roy W. and Johannes F. Linn (1992), Urban Public Finance in Developing Countries, New York: Oxford University Press.
     Buchanan, Norman and Howard Ellis (1955), Approaches to Economic Development. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund.
     Davies, Antony and Gary Quinlivan (2006), “A Panel Data Analysis of the Impact of Trade on Human Development.” The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35, 868-876.
     Davoodi, Hamid and Heng-Fu Zou (1998), “Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study.” Journal of Urban Economics, 43, 244-257.
     Feder, Gershon (1983), “On Exports and Economic Growth.” Journal of Development Economics, 12, 59-73.
     Flanders, T., Quinlivan, G. and Therrien, M. (2001), International Debt Relief: A Moral and Economic Challenge. Christian Thought Series, no. 2. Center for Economic Personalism at the Acton Institute for the Study of Religion and Liberty.
     Fukasaku, Kiichiro and Luiz R. de Mello (1999), Fiscal Decentralization in Emerging Economics: Governance Issues. Paris: OECD.
     Gomanee, Karuna, Oliver Morrissey, Paul Mosley and Arjan Verschoor (2005), “Aid, Government Expenditure, and Aggregate Welfare.” World Development, 33(4), 355-370.
     Gordon, Roger H. (1983), “An Optimal Taxation Approach to Fiscal Federalism.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98(4), 567-586.
     Hasan, Zubair (2000), “Determinants of Human Resource Development: an empirical analysis.” IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, 8(2), 157-187.
     Hayek, Friedrich A. (1945), “The Use of Knowledge in Society.” American Economic Review, 35, 519–530.
     Hoskins, L. and A.I. Eiras (2002), Property Rights: The Key to Economic Growth. 2002 Index of Economic Freedom. Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company.
     Lai, Dejian (2000), “Temporal Analysis of Human Development Indicators: Principal Component Approach.” Social Indicators Research, 51(3), 331-366.
     Lin, Justin Yifu and Zhiqiang Liu (2000), “Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in China.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 49(1), 1-21.
     Lind, Niels C. (1992), “Some Thoughts on the Human Development Index.” Social Indicators Research, 27(1), 89-101.
     Ma, Jun (1997), “China’s Fiscal Reform: An Overview.” Asian Economic Journal, 11(4), 443-458.
     Ma, Jun (2000), The Chinese Economy in the 1990s. New York: St. Martin`s Press.
     Martinez-Vazquez, Jorge and Mark Rider (2005), “Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth: A Comparative Study of China and India.” International Studies Program Working Paper. Atlanta: Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
     Miller, David Y. (2002), The Regional Governing of Metropolitan America, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
     Noorbakhsh, Farhad (1998), “A Modified Human Development Index.” World Development, 26(3), 517-528.
     Oates, Wallace E. (1993), “Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Development.” National Tax Journal, 46(2), 237-243.
     Prud`homme, Rémy (1995), "The Dangers of Decentralization." The World Bank Research Observer, 10(2), 201-220.
     Qian, Yingyi, and Barry R. Weingast (1997), “Federalism as a Commitment to Preserving Market Incentives.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(4), 83-92.
     Qiao, Baoyun, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, and Yongsheng Xu (2002), “Growth and Equity Tradeoff in Decentralization Policy: China`s Experience.” International Studies Program Working Paper. Atlanta: Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
     Rao, M. Govinda (1998) “India: Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in a Planned Economy.” In Richard M. Bird and Francois Vaillancourt (ed.), Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
     Sagar, Ambuj D. and Adil Najam (1998), “The Human Development Index: A Critical Review.” Ecological Economics, 25(3), 249-264.
     Tiebout, Charles M. (1956), “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures.” Journal of Public Economy, 64, 416-424.
     UNDP (1995-2008), Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press.
     White, Halbert (1980), “A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity.” Econometrica, 48(4), 817-838.
     Zhang, Tao and Heng-Fu Zou (1998), “Fiscal Decentralization, Public Spending, and Economic Growth in China.” Journal of Public Economics, 67(2), 221-24.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
96255021
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096255021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃智聰zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許淳澤zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Chun-Tseen_US
dc.creator (作者) 許淳澤zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Chun-Tseen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-May-2016 15:16:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-May-2016 15:16:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-May-2016 15:16:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096255021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/95138-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財政學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96255021zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 中國自1978年經濟開放改革以來,快速的經濟成長是有目共睹的,在這一系列的改革當中,財政地方分權化被視為一個重要的刺激要素,所以有相當多的文獻深入探討財政地方分權化與經濟成長之間的關係。然而,資訊化的社會增廣了人們對於不同偏好的需求,高度的經濟成長表現也不再是人民唯一追求的目標,取而代之的是希望擁有一個完善與永續的生活環境,也因此聯合國發展計畫署(UNDP)設計了一個衡量區域發展的綜合指標,冀望藉由此指標能更客觀且多元的評估國家或是區域的人類發展程度。
     本篇文章之研究目的,即為探討中國的財政地方分權化對於區域人類發展的效果為何,因此利用中國6個年份的省市追蹤資料(panel data)來進行分析,並將財政地方分權化變數之平方項加入實證模型中,試圖探析中國的財政地方分權化,與區域人類發展是否存在非線性的關係。最後,本研究經由實證結果發現,財政地方分權化對於區域人類發展是有正面的幫助,然而這個助益會隨著分權程度的增加而消減,過了最適的臨界水準後甚至會有負向效果;也就是說,對於中國各省市而言,絕對財政中央集權化與完全財政地方分權化,對於區域人類發展皆會產生不良的影響。
     最後本研究亦認為,並非高度的財政分權化即可為地方人類發展帶來最大的助益,若中央能適度的下放財政權限,以利於資源的有效分配,其對於整體的社會發展來說才是最大的幫助。而依目前現況,中國政府應當在不持續擴張地方財政權限下,加速提高低度發展省分的財政地方分權程度,以增進區域的人類發展並且改善不均等現象。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since China started the economical reform in 1978, the rapidly economic growth is extremely amazing. In the series of reform, the fiscal decentralization of region is viewed as an important factor. However, pursuing the economic growth will not be the only goal anymore now. Instead, people nowadays want to live in a sound environment. Thus, the United Nationals Developing Programme has designed a mixed index in order to measure the human development in nations or regions more objectively than before.
     The purpose of this study is to discuss what effects on human development will be when the fiscal decentralization of region is implemented in China. This study uses provincial-level panel data to analyze them, and finding that there is a positive causality but diminishing marginal returns. According to the results, for any provinces in China, whether the absolutely fiscal centralization or completely fiscal decentralization is implemented, there is no benefit for regional development. In conclusion, the high fiscal decentralization won’t benefit the people in the region the most. Thus, the best way for the overall social development is that the center government releases the fiscal power in an appropriate degree in China, so that the human development in the regions could be improved.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 前言 ……………………………………….…………1
     第一節  研究背景………….………………………………………….1
     第二節  研究目的………………………………………………….….5
     第三節  研究架構與流程...….………………………………………..6
     第二章 相關文獻回顧…………………………………….…9
     第一節  財政地方分權理論文獻……………………………………..9
     第二節  人類發展指數理論文獻……………………………………12
     第三節  影響人類發展指數之相關文獻……………………………14
     第四節  本章小結………...………………………………………….18
     第三章 中國財政地方分權與人類發展指數……………...21
     第一節  中國建國後財政制度變遷與改革…………………………22
     第二節  財政分權指標………………………………………………31
     第三節  人類發展指數………………………………………………35
     第四節  本章小結………...………………………………………….41
     第四章 研究設計 …………………………….…………..…43
     第一節  研究方法說明………………………………………………43
     第二節 實證模型設定與資料來源…………………………………46
     第三節  實證變數假設………………………………………………49
     第四節  本章小結……………………………………………………53
     V
     第五章 實證結果與模型檢定 …………………….…….….55
     第一節  實證模型結果分析…………………...………………….…55
     第二節 實證模型正確性之相關檢定………………………………61
     第三節  本章小結……………………………………………………64
     第六章 結論與政策意涵 ………………………….…..……67
     參考文獻 …………………………………………….………..70
     VI
     圖次
     圖1:研究架構圖.....................................................................................8
     圖2:中央與地方財政收入之比例........................................................29
     圖3:中國近十年人類發展指數之變化................................................39
     圖4:中國財政地方分權程度與人類發展指數之關係圖....................58
     VII
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096255021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 財政地方分權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人類發展指數zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fiscal Decentralizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Human Development Indexen_US
dc.title (題名) 中國大陸財政地方分權與人類發展指數之關係zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻
     中國財政經濟出版社(1999),《中國人類發展報告1999:經濟轉軌與政府的作用》。北京:中國財政經濟出版社。
     中國財政雜誌社(1996~2006),《中國財政年鑑》。北京:中國財政雜誌社。
     中國國家統計局(1996~2006),《中國統計年鑑》。北京:中國統計出版社。
     中國發展研究基金會(2005),《中國人類發展報告2005:追求公平的人類發展》。北京:中國對外翻譯出版社。
     四川省統計局(1996~1997),《四川統計年鑑》。北京:中國統計出版社。
     重慶市統計局(1996~1997),《重慶統計年鑑》。北京:中國統計出版社。
     高安邦、黃智聰、潘俊男(2005),「中國大陸地方政府效率與吸引外資之研究」,《經濟情勢與評論》,11(2),頁131-156。
     郭利平、方遠平(2001),「中國各省市人類發展指數的比較與分析」,《學術探索》,Z1,頁172-174。
     陳建勳(1999),《中國大陸中央和地方財政分權之實證分析》。台北:財團法人中華經濟硏究院。
     賈康、閻坤(2000),《中國財政:轉軌與變革》。上海:遠東出版社。
     趙志強、葉蜀君(2005),「東中西部地區差距的人類發展指數估計」,《華東經濟管理》,19(12),頁22-25。
     劉進、丁偉、劉軍民(2004),「關於公共支出與經濟增長關係的分析與實証研究」,《財政研究》,3,頁50-52。
     劉鶯釧、黃智聰(2003),「台灣區域性失業率差異的決定因素-兼論女性勞動力」,《誰偷走了我們的工作》。台北:天下遠見,頁231-262。
     潘雷馳(2006),「我國政府支出對人類發展指數影響的經驗分析」,《當代經濟科學》,28(2),頁52-59。
     霍景東、夏杰長(2005),「公共支出與人類發展指數--對中國的實證分析:1990-2002」,《財經論叢》,117,頁7-10。
     聯合國開發計畫署(2002),《中國人類發展報告2002:綠色發展必選之路》。北京:中國財政經濟出版社。
     聯合國開發計畫署(2008),《中國人類發展報告2007/2008:惠及13億人的基本公共服務》。北京:中國對外翻譯出版社。
     聯合國開發計畫署駐華代表處(1997),《中國人類發展報告1997:人類發展與扶貧》。北京:聯合國開發計畫署駐華代表處。
     戴珊珊(2007),「中國人類發展指數及其與政府支出的相關分析」,《經濟體制改革》,3,頁40-43。
     二、英文文獻
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