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題名 代際利他與社會最適之環境經濟分析
作者 張育婷
貢獻者 曾巨威<br>許志義
張育婷
日期 2002
上傳時間 9-May-2016 16:24:21 (UTC+8)
摘要 　　一般經濟模型均假設個人追求自身效用極大，但這似乎無法解釋人類對未來世代的關心，且忽略利他行為的假設，或許可以簡化模型的運算，然而卻也可能導致錯誤的政策建議。
     　　此外，環境財非為當代即會折舊完畢的公共財，所以存量會隨著時間而累積，因此使得世代之間相互連接，Solow(1986)認為有關代際間資源的配置問題應該利用間斷的疊代模型（discrete time overlapping generation model）來探討，在此種模型下，個人的行為影響範圍可以比自己的生命更長，藉由此種跨期模型可以用來處理跨世代的外部性問題。
     　　本文以Vidal et al.(2000)文章為基礎，但將利他類型修正為非純粹利他偏好假設，求取修正後的競爭均衡結果是否會達成社會最適。文中發現非純粹利他偏好的個人，代際利他程度對污染門檻及個人消費的影響顯得十分不確定。
     　　另外，在非純粹利他偏好假設下，社會最適解應與純粹利他下之結果不同，故吾人試圖建構非純粹利他下的社會福利函數，並與競爭均衡相比較，結果發現：非純粹利他與純粹利他之假設情形相同，競爭均衡並無法達成社會最適。且為了達成社會最適，政策工具的使用需視個人偏好（純粹利他或非純粹利他）和邊際效用大小的情況而定。
參考文獻 Andreoni, J.(1989), “Giving with Impure Altruism: Applications to Charity and Ricardian Equivalence,” Journal of Political Economy, 97(6):1447-1458.
     Andreoni, J.(1990), “Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-Glow Giving,” The Economic Journal, 100:464-477.
     Bagnoli, M. and B.L. Lipman(1992), ”Private Provision of Public Goods Can Be Efficient,” Public Choice, 74:59-78.
     Barro, R.J.(1974), ”Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?” Journal of Political Economy, 82(6):1095-1117.
     Bergstrom, T., Blume, L. and H. Varian(1986), “On the Private Provision of Public Goods,” Journal of Public Economics, 29:25-49.
     Bovenberg, A.L. and B.J. Heijdra(1998), “Environmental Tax Policy and Intergenerational Distribution,” Journal of Public Economics, 67(1):1-24.
     Cornes, R. and T. Sandler(1984), “The Theory of Public Goods: Non-Nash Behaviour,” Journal of Public Economics, 23:367-379.
     Diamond, P.A.(1965), “National Debt in a Neoclassical Growth Model,” .American Economic Review, 55:1126-1150.
     Harsanyi, J.C.(1995), “A Theory of Prudential Values and a Rule Utilitarian Theory of Morality,” Social Choice and Welfare, 12:319-333.
     Howarth, R.B. and R.B. Norgaard(1990), ”Intergenerational Resource Rights, Efficiency, and Social Optimality,” Land Economics, 66(1):1-11.
     Howarth, R.B. and R.B. Norgaard(1992), “Environmental Valuation under Sustainable Development,” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 82(2):473-477.
     Howarth, R.B. and R.B. Norgaard(1995), ”Intergenerational Choices under Global Environment Change,” in D.W. Bromley(ed.), Handbook of Environmental Economics, Blackwell, Oxford.
     Howarth, R.B.(1991), ”Intergenerational Competitive Equilibria under Technological Uncertainty and an Exhaustible Resource Constraint,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 21:225-243.
     Hultkrantz,L.(1992), “Forestry and the Bequest Motive,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 22:164-177.
     Ihori, Toshihiro(1996), Public Finance in an Overlapping Generations Economy, New York.
     Johansson, O.(1997), “Optimal Pigovian Tax under Altruism,” Land Economics, 73(3):297-308.
     John, A. and R. Pecchenino(1994), “An Overlapping Generations Model of Growth and the Environment,” The Economic Journal, 104:1393-1410.
     John, A., Pecchenino, R., Schimmelpfennig, D. and S. Schreft(1995), “Short-Lived Agents and the Long-Lived Environment,” Journal of Public Economics, 58:127-141.
     Löfgren, K.G.(1991), “Another Reconciliation between Economists and Forestry Experts: OLG-Arguments,” Environmental and Resource Economics, 1:83-95.
     Marini, G. and P. Scaramozzino(1995), “Overlapping Generations and Environmental Control” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 29:64-77.
     Myles, G.D.(1997), “Depreciation and Intergenerational Altruism in the Private Provision of Public Goods,” European journal of Political Economy, 13:725-738.
     Ng, Y.K.(1999), “Utility, Informed Preference, or Happiness: Following Harsanyi’s Argument to its Logical Conclusion,” Social Choice Welfare, 16:197-216.
     Pierre, P., Jouvet, P.A. and P. Michel(2000), “Altruism, Voluntary Contributions and Neutrality: The Case of Environmental Quality,” Economica, 67:465-475.
     Solow, R.M.(1986), “On the Intergenerational Allocation of Natural Resources,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 88(1):141-149.
     Sugden, R.(1984), “Reciprocity: The Supply of Public Goods through Voluntary Contributions,” The Economic Journal, 94:772-787.
     Sugden, R.(1985), “Consistent Conjectures and Voluntary Contributions to Public Goods: Why the Conventional Theory Does Not Work,” Journal of Public Economics, 27:117-124.
     Tetsuo ono and Yasuo Maeda(2001), “Is Aging Harmful to the Environment?” Environmental and Resource Economics, 20:113-127.
     Vidal, J.P., Jouvet, P.A. and P. Michel(2000), “Intergenerational Altruism and the Environment,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 102(1):135-150.
     Warr, P.G.(1983), “Pareto Optimal Redistribution and Private Charity,” Journal of Public Economics, 19:131-138.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000295
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 曾巨威<br>許志義zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張育婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 張育婷zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-May-2016 16:24:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-May-2016 16:24:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-May-2016 16:24:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) A2010000295en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/95505-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財政學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 　　一般經濟模型均假設個人追求自身效用極大，但這似乎無法解釋人類對未來世代的關心，且忽略利他行為的假設，或許可以簡化模型的運算，然而卻也可能導致錯誤的政策建議。
     　　此外，環境財非為當代即會折舊完畢的公共財，所以存量會隨著時間而累積，因此使得世代之間相互連接，Solow(1986)認為有關代際間資源的配置問題應該利用間斷的疊代模型（discrete time overlapping generation model）來探討，在此種模型下，個人的行為影響範圍可以比自己的生命更長，藉由此種跨期模型可以用來處理跨世代的外部性問題。
     　　本文以Vidal et al.(2000)文章為基礎，但將利他類型修正為非純粹利他偏好假設，求取修正後的競爭均衡結果是否會達成社會最適。文中發現非純粹利他偏好的個人，代際利他程度對污染門檻及個人消費的影響顯得十分不確定。
     　　另外，在非純粹利他偏好假設下，社會最適解應與純粹利他下之結果不同，故吾人試圖建構非純粹利他下的社會福利函數，並與競爭均衡相比較，結果發現：非純粹利他與純粹利他之假設情形相同，競爭均衡並無法達成社會最適。且為了達成社會最適，政策工具的使用需視個人偏好（純粹利他或非純粹利他）和邊際效用大小的情況而定。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 謝誌
     論文摘要
     章節目次
     第一章　緒論
     　　第一節　研究動機與目的-----1
     　　第二節　研究範圍與方法-----2
     　　第三節　本文架構-----2
     第二章　文獻回顧
     　　第一節　私人提供公共財之相關文獻-----4
     　　第二節　疊代模型、代際利他與環境問題之相關文獻-----7
     　　第三節　小結-----9
     第三章　代際利他與環境問題─在純粹利他偏好的假設下
     　　第一節　模型內容-----11
     　　第二節　恆定狀態-----14
     　　第三節　社會最適-----17
     第四章　代際利他與環境問題─在非純粹利他偏好的假設下
     　　第一節　模型修正-----21
     　　第二節　恆定狀態下的競爭均衡-----23
     　　第三節　修正前後恆定狀態下之比較-----27
     第五章　非純粹利他偏好模型的社會最適問題
     　　第一節　非純粹利他偏好下的社會福利函數-----31
     　　第二節　非純粹利他偏好模型時的社會最適-----33
     　　第三節　社會最適解與競爭均衡解的比較-----35
     第六章　結論-----39
     參考文獻-----41		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000295en_US
dc.title (題名) 代際利他與社會最適之環境經濟分析zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Andreoni, J.(1989), “Giving with Impure Altruism: Applications to Charity and Ricardian Equivalence,” Journal of Political Economy, 97(6):1447-1458.
     Andreoni, J.(1990), “Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-Glow Giving,” The Economic Journal, 100:464-477.
     Bagnoli, M. and B.L. Lipman(1992), ”Private Provision of Public Goods Can Be Efficient,” Public Choice, 74:59-78.
     Barro, R.J.(1974), ”Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?” Journal of Political Economy, 82(6):1095-1117.
     Bergstrom, T., Blume, L. and H. Varian(1986), “On the Private Provision of Public Goods,” Journal of Public Economics, 29:25-49.
     Bovenberg, A.L. and B.J. Heijdra(1998), “Environmental Tax Policy and Intergenerational Distribution,” Journal of Public Economics, 67(1):1-24.
     Cornes, R. and T. Sandler(1984), “The Theory of Public Goods: Non-Nash Behaviour,” Journal of Public Economics, 23:367-379.
     Diamond, P.A.(1965), “National Debt in a Neoclassical Growth Model,” .American Economic Review, 55:1126-1150.
     Harsanyi, J.C.(1995), “A Theory of Prudential Values and a Rule Utilitarian Theory of Morality,” Social Choice and Welfare, 12:319-333.
     Howarth, R.B. and R.B. Norgaard(1990), ”Intergenerational Resource Rights, Efficiency, and Social Optimality,” Land Economics, 66(1):1-11.
     Howarth, R.B. and R.B. Norgaard(1992), “Environmental Valuation under Sustainable Development,” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 82(2):473-477.
     Howarth, R.B. and R.B. Norgaard(1995), ”Intergenerational Choices under Global Environment Change,” in D.W. Bromley(ed.), Handbook of Environmental Economics, Blackwell, Oxford.
     Howarth, R.B.(1991), ”Intergenerational Competitive Equilibria under Technological Uncertainty and an Exhaustible Resource Constraint,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 21:225-243.
     Hultkrantz,L.(1992), “Forestry and the Bequest Motive,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 22:164-177.
     Ihori, Toshihiro(1996), Public Finance in an Overlapping Generations Economy, New York.
     Johansson, O.(1997), “Optimal Pigovian Tax under Altruism,” Land Economics, 73(3):297-308.
     John, A. and R. Pecchenino(1994), “An Overlapping Generations Model of Growth and the Environment,” The Economic Journal, 104:1393-1410.
     John, A., Pecchenino, R., Schimmelpfennig, D. and S. Schreft(1995), “Short-Lived Agents and the Long-Lived Environment,” Journal of Public Economics, 58:127-141.
     Löfgren, K.G.(1991), “Another Reconciliation between Economists and Forestry Experts: OLG-Arguments,” Environmental and Resource Economics, 1:83-95.
     Marini, G. and P. Scaramozzino(1995), “Overlapping Generations and Environmental Control” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 29:64-77.
     Myles, G.D.(1997), “Depreciation and Intergenerational Altruism in the Private Provision of Public Goods,” European journal of Political Economy, 13:725-738.
     Ng, Y.K.(1999), “Utility, Informed Preference, or Happiness: Following Harsanyi’s Argument to its Logical Conclusion,” Social Choice Welfare, 16:197-216.
     Pierre, P., Jouvet, P.A. and P. Michel(2000), “Altruism, Voluntary Contributions and Neutrality: The Case of Environmental Quality,” Economica, 67:465-475.
     Solow, R.M.(1986), “On the Intergenerational Allocation of Natural Resources,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 88(1):141-149.
     Sugden, R.(1984), “Reciprocity: The Supply of Public Goods through Voluntary Contributions,” The Economic Journal, 94:772-787.
     Sugden, R.(1985), “Consistent Conjectures and Voluntary Contributions to Public Goods: Why the Conventional Theory Does Not Work,” Journal of Public Economics, 27:117-124.
     Tetsuo ono and Yasuo Maeda(2001), “Is Aging Harmful to the Environment?” Environmental and Resource Economics, 20:113-127.
     Vidal, J.P., Jouvet, P.A. and P. Michel(2000), “Intergenerational Altruism and the Environment,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 102(1):135-150.
     Warr, P.G.(1983), “Pareto Optimal Redistribution and Private Charity,” Journal of Public Economics, 19:131-138.		zh_TW