1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 教育學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 美國一九八〇年代以來師範教育改革之研究 : 兼論其對台灣地區師範教育改革之啟示
作者 蔡清華
貢獻者 黃炳煌<br>王家通
蔡清華
日期 1993
上傳時間 2016-05-11
摘要 自一九八○代中期起，美國各在所謂「三大報告書」的推波助瀾下，紛紛掀起師範教育改革運動。該運動至今已近十年，本研究即試圖透過文獻分析、實地訪問等方式為此一改革運動勾畫出一較完整的報告。其次，迄今五年有餘猶未能定案，可見社會各界對於我國師範教育興革之方向，仍然眾說紛紜，莫衷一是。對此，本研究以上述分析之結果編成問卷，調查各界對台灣地區師範教育問題及改進途徑之意見。
     本研究除第一章緒論之外，第二章分析美國師範教育改革的派典，作為解釋各項爭論之基礎；在美國師範教育改革派典上，本研究歸納出「無意義派典」、「突顯派典」兩種改革師範教育的看法，兩者各有其影響力。
     第三章介紹改革的背景與原因；在改革背景上，本研究歸納出五項：（一）中小學教師的培育供需失調；（二）修習師範教育課程之學素質不佳；（三）教師授證措施亟待調整；（四）教師的待遇，無論有形的或無形，普遍佳；（五）教師的丄作條件不佳，無法吸引住留住優秀人。
     第四章分析各主要改革報告書的內容後，發現這些報告書的主要建議可歸納為四點特色：
     （一）全方位的師範教師改革建議；
     （二）同中存異的師範教育改革觀點；
     （三）所建議的吸引優秀人才策略自相矛盾；
     （四）「無意義的派典」與「突顯派典」的支持者各有其影響力。
     第五章則檢討美國在一九八○年代以來師範教師改革的成效與策略；本研究發現實際的改變雖有，唯不如預期的規模。在改革策略上，本研究亦發現多由教育行政人員、民意代表、政客所主導，教師及師範教育工作者則多被排除在外。
     為了深入瞭解美國師範教育的運作情形，本研究於第六章再以紐約州為例，進行個案分析。發現除了上述趨勢外，更具有規模不大、為中小學教育改革的週邊運動、州教育廳長主導全局等特色。
     第七章則分析與討論問卷調查之結果與啟示，本研究發現，台灣地區各界對師範教育問題的看法，除了中小學教師的社會地位、師範生的素質等兩方面外，看法與美國相似。對美國各種改革師範教師的措施也幾乎全能接受，此外，大多數人均贊成師範教育修正草案的改革措施。
     最後，本研究提出八項建議：（一）師範教育改革應採全方位模式進行；（二）師範教育工作者應積極參與師範教育的改革過程；（三）建立制度化的教育民意反映管道；（四）維持台灣地區師範教育既有的有利地位；（五）改革師範教育時亦應顧及地區的需求；（六）儘速審議師範教育法的修訂工作；（七）鼓勵各校、院與各教育行政機構合作進行師範教育的實驗；（八）進一步研究的建議：選擇美國有代表情的州進行深入研究。
參考文獻 參考書目
     一、中文
     王家通。「 評師範教育法草案」。師說(民國七十九年) :二七一三一。林清江主編。比較教育。(台北:五南，民國七十二年) ，頁八O
     呂愛珍。「 威斯康辛大學一雷河分校的師範教育」。 現代教育(民國七六年四月) : 一五O一一六O。
     邱兆偉。 「 美國師範教育延長的趨勢與檢討」 。 台灣教育(民國七一年三月) :六~一六。
     邱兆偉。「美國師範教育的兩大改革動向:五年制師範教育與能力本位師範教育」 。 高雄師範學院學報第十一期(民國七十二年): 一O三~一二八。
     黃政傑。 「 美國維吉尼亞大學五年制師資培育方案」 。 載於中華民國師範教育學會主編，各國小學師資培育，頁三九一七三。(台北:師大書苑，民國七八年。
     教育部。 師範教育法修正草案。台北:教育部，民國八十年元月。影印本。
     教育部教育研究委員會主編。 中關學制改革之研究。 台北:正中書局，民團七十三年。
     國語日報O 民國八十二年七月六日，第一版。
     張昭鼎。 「 師範學院科學教育的一些問題。」教育資料文摘第139 號(民國七十八年) :一三七一一三九。
     張國財。 「 是輕學重術嗎?」 中闊論建第259期(民團七十五年) :二一--二三。
     陳舜芬。 「教學專業的革命:兩篇改革報告的比較」。 現代教育第六期(民國七六年) :三一-一Ｏ。
     陳舜芬。 「美國的師範教育」，載於教育部中等教育司主編，世界各主要國家師資培育制度比較研究，頁一一二四。 台北:正中，民國八O年。
     郭實渝譯。 「美國基礎師範教育課程立案準則」。 國教月刊(民國七三年二月) :一三－一二二。
     單文經。 「 美國中小學師資養成教育的課程」，載於中華民國比較教育學會、中華民國師範教育學會主編，國際比較師範教育學術研討會論文集，頁二八九一三三八。 台北:師大書苑，民國八十一年。
     鄒浮安。 「一九八O年代的美國師範教育」。 教育資料文摘(民國七四年九月) :六三-七O。
     蔡清華譯。「美國各州小學教師培育課程比較研究」。國教天地第七三期(民國七六年) :一七一二一。
     謝文全。 「美國師範教育的特徵及趨勢」，載於中華民國比較教育學會主編，世界師範教育改革動向，頁一五-六O 。台北:幼獅，民國七O年。
     魏明通。 「世界的教育改革(二) :對於美國各教育改革論的評價」。科學教育月刊第七十四期(民國七十四年): 一 O O
     顏素霞。 「美國教師教育政策計畫之評析」。 台灣省第二屆教育學術論文發表會官讀論文，民國80年6 月8 日於新竹師範學院。
     二、英文
     A Blueprint for the Professional ization of Teaching. Albany! NY: New York State School Boards Association, New York State Rural Schools Program, New York State Conference of Large City Boards of Education! 1988.
     "A Survey of Two Years of Action by 50 States and D.C. to Reform the Education of Teachers." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 20 Apri I 1988.
     Abraham, P. A. et al. "Special Forum on Teaching in America." The WiIson Quarterly 8, no. 1 (1984): 46-105.
     Ambach! G. M. "Draft Regulations to Implementation Several Provisions of the Regents Plan on Teaching as a Profession." [Photocopy] Albany! NY: New York State Education Department, 1980. American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education. Teacher Education in the States: 50-State Survey of Legislative and Administrative Actions. Washington, D.C.:Author, 1986.
     Andrew, M. D. "Differences Between Graduates of 4-Year and 5-Year Teacher Preparation Programs." Journal of Teacher Education 41 (March-April 1990): 45-51
     Apple, M. W. "Gendered Teaching, Gendered Labor." In Critical Studies in Teacher Education: Its Folklore, Theory and Pratice, ed. by T. S. Popkewitz, pp. 57-83. London: The Falmer Press, 1987.
     Association of Teacher Educators, Visions of Reform: Implications for the Education Profession-The Report of the ATE Blue Ribbon Task Force. Reston, VA: Author, 1986.
     Beaudry, M. L. "Post-Carnegie Developments Affecting Teacher Education: The Struggle for Professional ism." Journal of Teacher Education 41 (January-February 1990): 63-70.
     Bestor, A. Educational Wastelands: The Retreat from Learning in Our Publ ic Schools. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1953.
     Biemer, L. B. "Where is Our Voice?" [Photocopied], [1992]. Bok, D. "The Challenge to School of Educat ion." Harvard Magazine (May-June 1987): 47-79.
     Bowen, J. W. "The Promises, Problems, and Politics of New York State Educational Reform." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research
     Association, Washington, D.C., April 20-24, 1987. photocopied. (Buffalo News) Mitgang, L. "U.S. Teachers` 5% Raise Called Smallest in 18 Years." Buffalo :-iews, September 22 1991
     Bush, R. N. "Teacher Education Reform: Lessons from the Past Half Century ." Journal of Teacher Education 38 (May-June 1987) : 13-19.
     The California Commission on the Teaching Profession. Who Wil I Teach Our Chi Idren? A Strategy for Improving Cal ifornia`s Schools. Sacramento, CA: Author, 1985 .
     The Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy . A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century. ~ew York: Author,1986.
     Christensen, D. Teacher Education Reform : The View from Accreditation . Paper presented to American Educational Studies Association, Chicago, Nov. 5, 1987. ERIC ED290736.
     Clark, D. L. & R. F . .\\1cNergney. "Governance of Teacher Education." In Handbook of Research on Teacher Education` ed. by W. B. HoustonoNew York: .\\1acmillan, 19900
     CI ifford, G. J~ and J. W. Guthrie. ED School. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1988.
     Conant, J. B. The Education of American Teachers. New York: .\\1cGraw-Hi 1 I, 1963.
     The Condition of Teaching : State-by-State Analysis, 1988.
     Princeton, NJ:The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1988.
     Cooper, J. M. & P. M. Tate . "Restructuring Teacher Education in the Old Dominion." In Teacher Education Pol icy: Narratives, Stories, and Cases, edited by H. D. Gideonse,
     pp. 133-155. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1992
     Cornbleth, C. "Cries of Crisis," Calls for Reform, and Challenges of Change." In Crisis in Teaching, edited by Weis, L. et al., pp. 9-30. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1989.
     Darl ing-Hammond, L. and B. Berry. The Evolution of Teacher Pol icy. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation, 1988.
     Department of Education and Science. Teacher Education and Training (The James Report). London: Her Majesty`s Stationery Office, 1972
     The Developing Teacher: A Report on Xew York`s Statewide Review of Master`s Degree Programs in Elementary Education. 1985-1987. Albany, XY: New York State Education
     Department, 1987.
     Donovan`, J. H. T. I .P.- Teacher Improvement Program: The Third Year. Report from the Senate Education Committee, New York. Albany, NY: Author, 1985. Phtocopied.
     Dreeben, R. S. The Nature of Teaching. Glenview, I II.: Scott-Foresman, 1970.
     Drummond, W. H. "Role of State Department of Education." In New Perspectives on Teacher Education, eds. by D.J. ~cCarty and Associates, pp. 84-99. San Francisco:
     Jossey-Bassy, 1973.
     Ebmeier, H., S. Twombly, and D. J. Teeter. "The Comparabi lity and Adequacy of Financial Support for Schools of Education." Journal of Teacher Education 42 (May-June 1991):226-35.
     Edmundson, P. J. The Curriculum In Teacher Education. Seattle, WA: Institute for the Study of Educational Pol icy, Col lege of Education, University of Washington,1989.
     The Education Commission of the States Task Force on Education for Economic Growth. Action for Excellence. Denver, CO: Author, 1983. ED 235588.
     The Education Commission of the States. What Next? ~ore Leverage for Teachers. Denver, CO: Author, 1986.
     Educational Testing Service. The Education Reform Decade. Princeton, NJ: the Author, 1990. ED 326549.
     Ernst, D. The Context of Pol icy and Pol icy Making In Teacher Education. Seattle, WA: Center for Educational Renewal / Institute for the Study of Educational Policy, College of Education, University of Washington, 1990.
     Feistritzer, C.E. The 1980 Report on Educational Personnel Development. Washington, D.C.: Feistritzer Publications,1979.
     Feistritzer, C.E. The Making of a Teacher: A Report on Teacher Education and Certification. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Information, 1984.
     Feistritzer, C.E. Teacher Crisis: Myth or Reality? A State-by-State Analysis 1986. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Information, 1986.
     Feistritzer, C. E. Alternative Teacher Certification: A State-by-State Analysis 1990. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Information, 1990.
     Finn, C. E. Jr. "The Roots of Reform." Social Policy (Fall 1984): 16-17.
     Firestone, W. A. et al. Education Reform from 1983 to 1990: State Action and District Response. New Brunswick, XJ: Consortium for Policy Research in Education, 1991
     Flexner, A. Universities: American, English, German. New York: Oxford University Press, 1930.
     Forum of Educational Organization Leaders. Educational
     Reform: A Response from Educational Leaders. Washington,
     D.C.: Institute for Educational Leadership, 1983.
     Galluzzo, G. R. & R. I. Arends. "The RATE Project: A Profi Ie
     of Teacher Education Institutions." Journal of Teacher
     Education 40 (July-August 1989): 56-58.
     Gerald, D. E., P. J. Horn, and W. J. Hussar. Proiections of
     Education Statistics to 2000. Washington, D. C.: National
     Center for Education Statistics, U. S. Department of
     Education, 1989.
     Gideonse, H. D. (ed.) Teacher Education Policy: Narratives,
     Stories, and Cases. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1992
     Governor`s Task Force on Teacher Education. "Teacher
     Education in Arizona: Evolution or Revolution." Tucson,
     Arizona: the Author, 1984. Photocopied.
     Green, J. The Next Wave: A Synopsis of Recent Education
     Reform Reports. Denver, CO: Education Commission of the
     States, 1987.
     Harris, L. The Metropol itan Life Survey of the New York
     State Teacher. New York: Metropolitan Life Insurance
     Comparny, 1984.
     Herbst, J. And Sadly Teach: Teacher Education and
     Professionization in American Culture. Madison, Wisconsin:
     The University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
     The Holmes Group. Tomorrow`s Teachers. East Lansing, MI:
     Author, 1986.
     The Holmes Group. Work in Progress: The Holmes Group One
     Year On. East Lansing, MI: Author, 1989.
     The Holmes Group. Tomorrow`s Schools. East Lansing, ~I:
     Author, 1990.
     Holmstrom, E. I. Recent Changes in Teacher Education
     Programs . Higher Education Panel Reports ,. 67. Washington,
     D.C.: American Counci I on Education, 1985. ED 266126.
     Horner, H. H. (ed.) Education in New York State 1784-1954.
     Albany, NY: The University of the State of New York, 1954.
     Howe, H. II. "Education Moves to Center Stage: An Overview
     of Recent Studies." Phi Delta Kappan 65 (1983): 167-172
     Howey, K., S. Yarger S Bruce joyce. "Reflections on
     Preservice Preparation: Impressions from the National
     Survey." Journal of Teacher Education 29 (Januaryfebruary
     1978): 38-40 .
     Hunt, J. G. "Views of State Teacher Certification
     Directors." journal of Teacher Education 38 (SeptemberOctober
     1987): 43-44.
     Interview with Dr . R. Lee, Associate Dean, College of
     Education, State University of New York, College at
     Buffalo, December 21, 1991
     Ishler, R. E. "Teacher Education Policy: The Texas
     Experience." In Education Policy: Narrat ives, Stor ies,
     and Class, edited by H. D. Gideonse, pp. 91-109. Albany,
     NY: SUNY Press, 1992
     johnson, W. R. "Empowering Practitioners: Holmes, Carnegie,
     and the Lessons of History." History of Education
     Quarterly 27 (Summer 1987): 221-240.
     Johnson, W. R. "Teachers and Teacher Tra i n i ng 1 n the
     Twentieth Century." In American Teachers: Histories
     of A Profession At Work, ed. by D. Warren, pp.
     237-256. New York: MacMi I lan, 1989.
     Joint Task Force on Teacher Preparation. "Making Teaching A
     Major Profession." Boston, MA: Commonwealth of
     Massachusetts Board of Regents of Higher Education/Board
     of Education, 1987. Photocopied.
     Joseph, E. A. & J. Biddle. "Teacher Education in Ohio, 1960
     to 1990: Strong Paradigm; Emerging Anomalies." In Teacher
     Education Policy: i\\arratives, Stories, and Class, edited
     by H. D. Gideonse, pp. 91-109. Albany, XY: SG\\Y Press,1992
     Judge, H. American Graduate Schools of Education: A View
     from Abroad. New York: Ford Foundation, 1982
     Keith, M. J. "We`ve Heard This Song ... Or Have We?" Journal
     of Teacher Education 38 (May-June 1987): 20-25.
     Kluender, M. M. "Teacher Education Programs in the 1980s:
     So me Se lee ted Ch a rae t e r i s tic s ." J 0 urn a I 0 f Tea c her
     Education 35 (July-August 1984): 33-35.
     Koerner, J. D. The Miseducation of American Teachers.
     Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1963.
     Layton) D. H. "The Regents Action Plan: Xew York`s
     Educational Reform Initiative in the 1980s." Peabody
     Journal of Education 63 (Summer 1986): 6-22
     Lortie) D. C. Schoolteacher. Chicago: The University of
     Chicago Press) 1975.
     Manning) D. T. "Historical Lessons for Teacher Education."
     Journal of Teacher Education 38 (November-December 1987):20-24.
     Mastain) R. K. Manual on Certification and Preparation of
     Educational Personnel in the United States . Dubuque) Iowa:
     KASCTEC/ Kendall / Hunt) 1991
     McLaughl in) M. W.) et al. State Pol icy and Teaching
     Excellence. Project Report Xo. 85-A5. San Francisco:
     Institute for Research on Educational Finance and
     Governance) School of Education) Stanford University) 1985.
     The Metropol itan Life Survey of Former Teachers in America.
     New York: Metropol itan Life Insurance Company) 1985.
     Metropol itan Life Survey of State Actions to Upgrade
     Teachers and Education. New York: Metropol itan Life
     Insurance Company) 1985.
     Murnane) R. J. et al . Who Wil I Teach? Pol icies That Matter.
     Cambridge) MA: Harvard University Press) 1991
     Murphy, J. "The Educational Reform Movement of the 1980s: A
     Comprehensive Analysis." In J. Murphy (ed.), The
     Educational Reform Movement of the 1980s. pp. 3-55.
     Berkeley, CA: McCutchan, 1990.
     Murray, C. E. In Search of Accountability: Lessons
     Learned from Rochester. Paper Presented at the
     American Education Research Association, San
     Francisco, April 21,1992
     ~ational Association of Directors for Teacher Education and
     Certification. Standards for State Approval of
     Teacher Education. Salt Lake City, Utah: Author,1988.
     National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.
     Questions and Answers. Washington, D.C.: Author, n.d.
     The National Commission on Excellence in Education. A Nation
     at Risk: The Imperative of Educational Reform. Washington,
     D.C.:? Author, 1983.
     National Commission for Excellence in Teacher Education. A
     Call for Change in Teacher Education. Washington, D.C.:
     American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education,1985.
     Xational Counci I for Accreditation of Teacher Education.
     Standards, Procedures, and Policies for the Accreditation
     of Professional Education Units. (Revised December 1987)
     Washington, D.C.: Author, 1987.
     Xational Education Association. Excellence In Our Schools:
     Teacher Education-An Action Plan. Washington, D.C.:Author, 1982
     National Governors` Association. The Governors` 1991 Report
     on Education: Result in Education 1989. Washington, D.C.:Author, 1989.
     National Science Board Commission on Precollege Education in
     Mathematics, Science and Technology. Educating Americans
     for the 21st Century: A Report to the American People and
     the National Science Board. Washington, D.C. : U.S.
     Government Printing Office, 1983. ED 233913.
     Xelson, F. H. Survey & Analysis of Salary Trends 1987.
     Washington, D.C.: American Federation of Teachers, 1987.
     The New York Report: A Blueprint for Learning and Teaching.
     Albany, NY: Commissioner`s Task Force on the Teaching
     Profession, 1988.
     Xew York State Assembly Task Force on Education. Teacher
     Recruitment and Retention in New York State. Albany, NY:
     Author, 1986.
     ~ew York State Directory 1991/92 9th ed. San Mateo, CA:
     Walker`s Western Research, 1991
     New York State Education Department. Strengthening Teaching
     In New York: A Review of Issues. Albany, NY: Author, 1985.
     New York State Education Department. Report of the 1985-86
     Regents/Commissioner`s Regional Conferences on
     Strengthening Teaching in New York State. Albany, NY:
     Author, 1986(a).
     New York State Education Department. Annual Report 1986-87.
     Albany, NY: Author, 1987 .
     . New York State Education Department. Priority Activities of
     the Regents and the State Education Department 1988-89.
     Albany, NY: author, 1988.
     New York State Education Department. Projections of Public
     School Classroom Teachers New York State 1989-90 to 1993-
     94. Albany, NY: Author, 1990.
     New York State Education Department. New York State Publ ic
     School Districts 90-91 Brochure. Albany, NY: Author,1991a.
     New York State Education Department. New York State Teacher
     Certification Examinations: Plans for Dev~lopment and
     Administration. Albany, NY: Author, 1991b.
     Xew York State School Boards Association. Excellence In
     Teaching: The Other End of the Bargain. A Report on the
     Uses of Excellence in Teaching Aid- Past, Present and
     Proposed. Albany, NY: Author, 1987.
     ;\\olan,` D. J. "New York State Education Department Memo on
     New Teacher Certification Requirements." [Photocopy],
     June 16, 1989.
     Nolan, D. J. "New York State Education Department Memo on
     Examinations for Classroom Teaching Certificates."
     [Photocopy], July 1992
     The Official Compi lation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of
     the State of New York. 1991
     Olson, L. "Teaching Our Teachers." Education Week (December
     12, 1990): 11-26.
     Passow, A. H. "The Future of the High School."
     Teachers College Record 79 (1977): 15-31
     Passow, A. H. Reforming Schools in the 1980s: A Critical
     Review of the Xational Reports. NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on
     Urban Education, 1984. ED 242859.
     Prabhu,? C. D. "The Development of the New York State Regents
     Action Plan to Improve Elementary and Secondary Education
     in New York State: A Case Study." Ed.d. diss., State
     University of Xew York at Buffalo, 1988.
     Presidents` Commission on Teacher Education, AASCU. Teach
     America: A Presidents` Agenda for Improving Teacher
     Education. Washington, D.C.: AASCU, 1991
     "The President`s Radio Address to the Nation on Education."
     American Education (June 1983): 4-5.
     Prestine, N. A. "The Struggle for Control of Teacher
     Education: The University of Wisconsin-Madison." In
     Teacher Education Policy: Narratives, Stories, and Cases,
     edited by H. D. Gideonse J pp. 159-180. Albany, NY: SUNY
     Press, 1992
     Raths, J., C. Zych, and M. Wojtaszek-Healy. "NCATE and
     Certification: A Status Report." Journal of Teacher
     Education 36 (September-October 1985) : 53-55.
     Requirements for Certification of Teachers, Counselors,
     Librarians, Administrators for Elementary and Secondary
     Schools. (46th ed. 1981-82) Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1981
     Requirements for Certification of Teachers, Counselors,
     Librarians, Administrators for Elementary and Secondary
     Schools. (50th ed. 1985-86) Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1985.
     Requirements for Certification of Teachers, Counselors,
     Librarians, Administrators for Elementary and Secondary
     Schools. (54th ed. 1989-90) Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1989.
     Roth, R. A. Teaching and Teacher Education: Implementing
     Reform. Bloomington, Indiana: The Phi Delta Kappa
     Educational Foundation, 1986.
     Roth, R. A. "Dichotomous Paradigms for Teacher Education:
     The Rise or Fall of the Empire." Action in Teacher
     Education 14 (Spring 1992): 1-9.
     Sanders, T., et al. Staffing the Nation`s Schools: A
     National Emergency. Washington, D.C.: Council of Chief
     State State School Officers, 1984.
     Sanders, T. "Teacher Education and the Chief State School
     Officers." Journal of Teacher Education 36
     (January-February 1985): 12-15.
     Scannell, D., D. G. Andersen, and H. D. Gideonse. Who Sets
     the Standards? The Need for State Professional Standards
     and Practices Boards. Washington, D.C.: Association of
     Col leges and Schools of Education in State Universities and Land Grant Col leges and Affiliated Private Universities~ 1989. ED 315873.
     Schlechty, P. C. and V. S. Vance. Recruitment, Selection and Retention: The Shape of the Teaching Force. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Education, 1982
     Sedlak, M. and S. Schlossman. Who Wil I Teach? Historical Perspectives on the Changing Appeal of Teaching as a Profession. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation, 1986.
     Sikula, J. "National Commission Reports of the 1980s." In Handbook of Research on Teacher Education, edited by W. R. Houston, pp. 72-82 NY: Macmil lan, 1990.
     Simms, R. L. "Attitudes of Oklahoma Teachers Toward House Bill 1706." Journal of Teacher Education 34 (March-April 1983): 26-28. Simms, R. L. "Assault on Teacher Education in Texas." Journal of Teacher Education 39 (November-December 1988) :17-20.
     Sobol, T. "New York State Education Department Memo on Public Teaching as a Profession ." [Photocopy] Albany, NY: New York State Education Department} February 10} 1989.
     Southern Regional Education Board. Improving Teacher Education: An Agenda for Higher Education and the Schools. Atlanta} GA : Author} 1985.
     Southern Regional Education Board. "Major Regional Reports on Teacher Education: What Do They Mean for States?" Regional Spotl ight 15 (October 1986): 1-6. ED 275633.
     Su, Z. Teacher Education Reform in the United States (1890-1986) . Occasional Paper no. 3. Seattle} WA: Center for Educational Renewal / Institute for the Study of Educational Policy, College of Education} Washington University} 1986.
     Task Force on Teaching as a Profession. A ~ation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century. New York: Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, 1986.
     Triplett, J. R. "Preparing More Minority Teachers: SREB
     States Take Action." Regional Spotlight/Southern Regional Education Board (April 1990): 1-8. ERIC ED 319736.
     Tsai(a), C. International Bibliography on Teacher Education. Special Studies in Comparative Education # 29. (Buffalo, NY: Comparative Education Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1992L Introduction chapter.
     Tsai(b), C. Review of Who Will Teach? Pol icies That Matter, by R. J. ~urnane, et al. In Educational Pol icy 6 (December 1992): 461-463.
     Tymitz-\\VoIC B. L. "The Xew Vocationalism and Teacher Education." Journal of Teacher Education 35 (January-February 1984): 21-25.
     Wal ton, S. B. "States Reform Efforts Increase as Focus of Issues Shift." Education Week 11 (December 11,1983): 5-19.
     Warner, A. R. "Legislated Limits on Certification Requirements: Lessons from the Texas Experience." Journal
     of Teacher Education 41 (September-October 1990): 26-33.
     Watts, D. "ifCATE and Texas Eyeb~U to Eyeball: Who Wil Blink?" Phi Delta Kappan 71 (December 1989): 311-318.
     Weaver, W. T. America’s Teacher Qualtiy Prpblem:
      Alternatives for Reform. New York: Praeger, 1983.
     Wong, M. J. &R. T. Osguthorpe. “The Continuing Domination of the Four-Year Teacher Education Program: A National Survey. ”Journal of Teacher Education 44(January-February 1993):64-70
     Woodring, P. ”The Future of the Teacher College” Journal of Teacher Education 11(September 1960):340-342.
     Zeichner, K. M. “Alternative Paradigms of Teacher Education.” Journal of Teacher Education 34(May-June 1983):3-9.
描述 博士
國立政治大學
教育學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCV7402012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃炳煌<br>王家通zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 蔡清華zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 蔡清華zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1993en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2016-05-11-
dc.date.available 2016-05-11-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2016-05-11-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G91NCCV7402012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/96460-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 教育學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自一九八○代中期起，美國各在所謂「三大報告書」的推波助瀾下，紛紛掀起師範教育改革運動。該運動至今已近十年，本研究即試圖透過文獻分析、實地訪問等方式為此一改革運動勾畫出一較完整的報告。其次，迄今五年有餘猶未能定案，可見社會各界對於我國師範教育興革之方向，仍然眾說紛紜，莫衷一是。對此，本研究以上述分析之結果編成問卷，調查各界對台灣地區師範教育問題及改進途徑之意見。
     本研究除第一章緒論之外，第二章分析美國師範教育改革的派典，作為解釋各項爭論之基礎；在美國師範教育改革派典上，本研究歸納出「無意義派典」、「突顯派典」兩種改革師範教育的看法，兩者各有其影響力。
     第三章介紹改革的背景與原因；在改革背景上，本研究歸納出五項：（一）中小學教師的培育供需失調；（二）修習師範教育課程之學素質不佳；（三）教師授證措施亟待調整；（四）教師的待遇，無論有形的或無形，普遍佳；（五）教師的丄作條件不佳，無法吸引住留住優秀人。
     第四章分析各主要改革報告書的內容後，發現這些報告書的主要建議可歸納為四點特色：
     （一）全方位的師範教師改革建議；
     （二）同中存異的師範教育改革觀點；
     （三）所建議的吸引優秀人才策略自相矛盾；
     （四）「無意義的派典」與「突顯派典」的支持者各有其影響力。
     第五章則檢討美國在一九八○年代以來師範教師改革的成效與策略；本研究發現實際的改變雖有，唯不如預期的規模。在改革策略上，本研究亦發現多由教育行政人員、民意代表、政客所主導，教師及師範教育工作者則多被排除在外。
     為了深入瞭解美國師範教育的運作情形，本研究於第六章再以紐約州為例，進行個案分析。發現除了上述趨勢外，更具有規模不大、為中小學教育改革的週邊運動、州教育廳長主導全局等特色。
     第七章則分析與討論問卷調查之結果與啟示，本研究發現，台灣地區各界對師範教育問題的看法，除了中小學教師的社會地位、師範生的素質等兩方面外，看法與美國相似。對美國各種改革師範教師的措施也幾乎全能接受，此外，大多數人均贊成師範教育修正草案的改革措施。
     最後，本研究提出八項建議：（一）師範教育改革應採全方位模式進行；（二）師範教育工作者應積極參與師範教育的改革過程；（三）建立制度化的教育民意反映管道；（四）維持台灣地區師範教育既有的有利地位；（五）改革師範教育時亦應顧及地區的需求；（六）儘速審議師範教育法的修訂工作；（七）鼓勵各校、院與各教育行政機構合作進行師範教育的實驗；（八）進一步研究的建議：選擇美國有代表情的州進行深入研究。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章緒論..........1
     第一節問題的重要性..........1
     第二節研究目的..........3
     第三節名詞釋義..........4
     第四節研究範圍、方法與步驟..........4
     第二章美國師範教育改革之派典分析與相關文獻..........9
     第一節美國師範教育派典(paradigms)之分析..........9
     第二節美國師範教育改革派典(paradigms)之分析..........14
     第三節有關文獻之分..........27
     第三章改革的背景與原因..........37
     第一節美國一九八○年代第一波教育改革運動..........37
     第二節美國一九八○年代第二波教育改革運動..........46
     第三節美國一九八○年代師範教育改革的原因..........57
     第四章美國一九八○年代師範教育改革報告書之內容分析..........68
     第一節有關師範教育改革之報告書主要建議內容..........68
     第二節主要建議之分析..........83
     第三節美國一九八○年代師範教育改革報告書特色之討論..........96
     第五章美國一九八○年代師範教育改革的實際與策略..........104
     第一節改革的實際成效(一)..........104
     第二節改革的實際成效..........129
     第三節改革策略之分析..........142
     第六章美國一九八○年代師範教育改革個案之分析：以紐約州為例..........146
     第一節改革的背景..........146
     第二節改革的經過..........161
     第三節改革的結果..........172
     第四節一九八○年代紐約州師範教育改革之檢討..........184
     第七章一九八○年代美國師範教育改革對台灣地區師範教育改革之啟示..........190
     第一節方法與步驟..........190
     第二節調查結果之分析..........195
     第三節調查結果之討論及啟示..........252
     第八章結論與建議..........256
     第一節結論..........256
     第二節建議..........263		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCV7402012en_US
dc.title (題名) 美國一九八〇年代以來師範教育改革之研究 : 兼論其對台灣地區師範教育改革之啟示zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目
     一、中文
     王家通。「 評師範教育法草案」。師說(民國七十九年) :二七一三一。林清江主編。比較教育。(台北:五南，民國七十二年) ，頁八O
     呂愛珍。「 威斯康辛大學一雷河分校的師範教育」。 現代教育(民國七六年四月) : 一五O一一六O。
     邱兆偉。 「 美國師範教育延長的趨勢與檢討」 。 台灣教育(民國七一年三月) :六~一六。
     邱兆偉。「美國師範教育的兩大改革動向:五年制師範教育與能力本位師範教育」 。 高雄師範學院學報第十一期(民國七十二年): 一O三~一二八。
     黃政傑。 「 美國維吉尼亞大學五年制師資培育方案」 。 載於中華民國師範教育學會主編，各國小學師資培育，頁三九一七三。(台北:師大書苑，民國七八年。
     教育部。 師範教育法修正草案。台北:教育部，民國八十年元月。影印本。
     教育部教育研究委員會主編。 中關學制改革之研究。 台北:正中書局，民團七十三年。
     國語日報O 民國八十二年七月六日，第一版。
     張昭鼎。 「 師範學院科學教育的一些問題。」教育資料文摘第139 號(民國七十八年) :一三七一一三九。
     張國財。 「 是輕學重術嗎?」 中闊論建第259期(民團七十五年) :二一--二三。
     陳舜芬。 「教學專業的革命:兩篇改革報告的比較」。 現代教育第六期(民國七六年) :三一-一Ｏ。
     陳舜芬。 「美國的師範教育」，載於教育部中等教育司主編，世界各主要國家師資培育制度比較研究，頁一一二四。 台北:正中，民國八O年。
     郭實渝譯。 「美國基礎師範教育課程立案準則」。 國教月刊(民國七三年二月) :一三－一二二。
     單文經。 「 美國中小學師資養成教育的課程」，載於中華民國比較教育學會、中華民國師範教育學會主編，國際比較師範教育學術研討會論文集，頁二八九一三三八。 台北:師大書苑，民國八十一年。
     鄒浮安。 「一九八O年代的美國師範教育」。 教育資料文摘(民國七四年九月) :六三-七O。
     蔡清華譯。「美國各州小學教師培育課程比較研究」。國教天地第七三期(民國七六年) :一七一二一。
     謝文全。 「美國師範教育的特徵及趨勢」，載於中華民國比較教育學會主編，世界師範教育改革動向，頁一五-六O 。台北:幼獅，民國七O年。
     魏明通。 「世界的教育改革(二) :對於美國各教育改革論的評價」。科學教育月刊第七十四期(民國七十四年): 一 O O
     顏素霞。 「美國教師教育政策計畫之評析」。 台灣省第二屆教育學術論文發表會官讀論文，民國80年6 月8 日於新竹師範學院。
     二、英文
     A Blueprint for the Professional ization of Teaching. Albany! NY: New York State School Boards Association, New York State Rural Schools Program, New York State Conference of Large City Boards of Education! 1988.
     "A Survey of Two Years of Action by 50 States and D.C. to Reform the Education of Teachers." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 20 Apri I 1988.
     Abraham, P. A. et al. "Special Forum on Teaching in America." The WiIson Quarterly 8, no. 1 (1984): 46-105.
     Ambach! G. M. "Draft Regulations to Implementation Several Provisions of the Regents Plan on Teaching as a Profession." [Photocopy] Albany! NY: New York State Education Department, 1980. American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education. Teacher Education in the States: 50-State Survey of Legislative and Administrative Actions. Washington, D.C.:Author, 1986.
     Andrew, M. D. "Differences Between Graduates of 4-Year and 5-Year Teacher Preparation Programs." Journal of Teacher Education 41 (March-April 1990): 45-51
     Apple, M. W. "Gendered Teaching, Gendered Labor." In Critical Studies in Teacher Education: Its Folklore, Theory and Pratice, ed. by T. S. Popkewitz, pp. 57-83. London: The Falmer Press, 1987.
     Association of Teacher Educators, Visions of Reform: Implications for the Education Profession-The Report of the ATE Blue Ribbon Task Force. Reston, VA: Author, 1986.
     Beaudry, M. L. "Post-Carnegie Developments Affecting Teacher Education: The Struggle for Professional ism." Journal of Teacher Education 41 (January-February 1990): 63-70.
     Bestor, A. Educational Wastelands: The Retreat from Learning in Our Publ ic Schools. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1953.
     Biemer, L. B. "Where is Our Voice?" [Photocopied], [1992]. Bok, D. "The Challenge to School of Educat ion." Harvard Magazine (May-June 1987): 47-79.
     Bowen, J. W. "The Promises, Problems, and Politics of New York State Educational Reform." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research
     Association, Washington, D.C., April 20-24, 1987. photocopied. (Buffalo News) Mitgang, L. "U.S. Teachers` 5% Raise Called Smallest in 18 Years." Buffalo :-iews, September 22 1991
     Bush, R. N. "Teacher Education Reform: Lessons from the Past Half Century ." Journal of Teacher Education 38 (May-June 1987) : 13-19.
     The California Commission on the Teaching Profession. Who Wil I Teach Our Chi Idren? A Strategy for Improving Cal ifornia`s Schools. Sacramento, CA: Author, 1985 .
     The Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy . A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century. ~ew York: Author,1986.
     Christensen, D. Teacher Education Reform : The View from Accreditation . Paper presented to American Educational Studies Association, Chicago, Nov. 5, 1987. ERIC ED290736.
     Clark, D. L. & R. F . .\\1cNergney. "Governance of Teacher Education." In Handbook of Research on Teacher Education` ed. by W. B. HoustonoNew York: .\\1acmillan, 19900
     CI ifford, G. J~ and J. W. Guthrie. ED School. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1988.
     Conant, J. B. The Education of American Teachers. New York: .\\1cGraw-Hi 1 I, 1963.
     The Condition of Teaching : State-by-State Analysis, 1988.
     Princeton, NJ:The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1988.
     Cooper, J. M. & P. M. Tate . "Restructuring Teacher Education in the Old Dominion." In Teacher Education Pol icy: Narratives, Stories, and Cases, edited by H. D. Gideonse,
     pp. 133-155. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1992
     Cornbleth, C. "Cries of Crisis," Calls for Reform, and Challenges of Change." In Crisis in Teaching, edited by Weis, L. et al., pp. 9-30. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1989.
     Darl ing-Hammond, L. and B. Berry. The Evolution of Teacher Pol icy. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation, 1988.
     Department of Education and Science. Teacher Education and Training (The James Report). London: Her Majesty`s Stationery Office, 1972
     The Developing Teacher: A Report on Xew York`s Statewide Review of Master`s Degree Programs in Elementary Education. 1985-1987. Albany, XY: New York State Education
     Department, 1987.
     Donovan`, J. H. T. I .P.- Teacher Improvement Program: The Third Year. Report from the Senate Education Committee, New York. Albany, NY: Author, 1985. Phtocopied.
     Dreeben, R. S. The Nature of Teaching. Glenview, I II.: Scott-Foresman, 1970.
     Drummond, W. H. "Role of State Department of Education." In New Perspectives on Teacher Education, eds. by D.J. ~cCarty and Associates, pp. 84-99. San Francisco:
     Jossey-Bassy, 1973.
     Ebmeier, H., S. Twombly, and D. J. Teeter. "The Comparabi lity and Adequacy of Financial Support for Schools of Education." Journal of Teacher Education 42 (May-June 1991):226-35.
     Edmundson, P. J. The Curriculum In Teacher Education. Seattle, WA: Institute for the Study of Educational Pol icy, Col lege of Education, University of Washington,1989.
     The Education Commission of the States Task Force on Education for Economic Growth. Action for Excellence. Denver, CO: Author, 1983. ED 235588.
     The Education Commission of the States. What Next? ~ore Leverage for Teachers. Denver, CO: Author, 1986.
     Educational Testing Service. The Education Reform Decade. Princeton, NJ: the Author, 1990. ED 326549.
     Ernst, D. The Context of Pol icy and Pol icy Making In Teacher Education. Seattle, WA: Center for Educational Renewal / Institute for the Study of Educational Policy, College of Education, University of Washington, 1990.
     Feistritzer, C.E. The 1980 Report on Educational Personnel Development. Washington, D.C.: Feistritzer Publications,1979.
     Feistritzer, C.E. The Making of a Teacher: A Report on Teacher Education and Certification. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Information, 1984.
     Feistritzer, C.E. Teacher Crisis: Myth or Reality? A State-by-State Analysis 1986. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Information, 1986.
     Feistritzer, C. E. Alternative Teacher Certification: A State-by-State Analysis 1990. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Information, 1990.
     Finn, C. E. Jr. "The Roots of Reform." Social Policy (Fall 1984): 16-17.
     Firestone, W. A. et al. Education Reform from 1983 to 1990: State Action and District Response. New Brunswick, XJ: Consortium for Policy Research in Education, 1991
     Flexner, A. Universities: American, English, German. New York: Oxford University Press, 1930.
     Forum of Educational Organization Leaders. Educational
     Reform: A Response from Educational Leaders. Washington,
     D.C.: Institute for Educational Leadership, 1983.
     Galluzzo, G. R. & R. I. Arends. "The RATE Project: A Profi Ie
     of Teacher Education Institutions." Journal of Teacher
     Education 40 (July-August 1989): 56-58.
     Gerald, D. E., P. J. Horn, and W. J. Hussar. Proiections of
     Education Statistics to 2000. Washington, D. C.: National
     Center for Education Statistics, U. S. Department of
     Education, 1989.
     Gideonse, H. D. (ed.) Teacher Education Policy: Narratives,
     Stories, and Cases. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1992
     Governor`s Task Force on Teacher Education. "Teacher
     Education in Arizona: Evolution or Revolution." Tucson,
     Arizona: the Author, 1984. Photocopied.
     Green, J. The Next Wave: A Synopsis of Recent Education
     Reform Reports. Denver, CO: Education Commission of the
     States, 1987.
     Harris, L. The Metropol itan Life Survey of the New York
     State Teacher. New York: Metropolitan Life Insurance
     Comparny, 1984.
     Herbst, J. And Sadly Teach: Teacher Education and
     Professionization in American Culture. Madison, Wisconsin:
     The University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
     The Holmes Group. Tomorrow`s Teachers. East Lansing, MI:
     Author, 1986.
     The Holmes Group. Work in Progress: The Holmes Group One
     Year On. East Lansing, MI: Author, 1989.
     The Holmes Group. Tomorrow`s Schools. East Lansing, ~I:
     Author, 1990.
     Holmstrom, E. I. Recent Changes in Teacher Education
     Programs . Higher Education Panel Reports ,. 67. Washington,
     D.C.: American Counci I on Education, 1985. ED 266126.
     Horner, H. H. (ed.) Education in New York State 1784-1954.
     Albany, NY: The University of the State of New York, 1954.
     Howe, H. II. "Education Moves to Center Stage: An Overview
     of Recent Studies." Phi Delta Kappan 65 (1983): 167-172
     Howey, K., S. Yarger S Bruce joyce. "Reflections on
     Preservice Preparation: Impressions from the National
     Survey." Journal of Teacher Education 29 (Januaryfebruary
     1978): 38-40 .
     Hunt, J. G. "Views of State Teacher Certification
     Directors." journal of Teacher Education 38 (SeptemberOctober
     1987): 43-44.
     Interview with Dr . R. Lee, Associate Dean, College of
     Education, State University of New York, College at
     Buffalo, December 21, 1991
     Ishler, R. E. "Teacher Education Policy: The Texas
     Experience." In Education Policy: Narrat ives, Stor ies,
     and Class, edited by H. D. Gideonse, pp. 91-109. Albany,
     NY: SUNY Press, 1992
     johnson, W. R. "Empowering Practitioners: Holmes, Carnegie,
     and the Lessons of History." History of Education
     Quarterly 27 (Summer 1987): 221-240.
     Johnson, W. R. "Teachers and Teacher Tra i n i ng 1 n the
     Twentieth Century." In American Teachers: Histories
     of A Profession At Work, ed. by D. Warren, pp.
     237-256. New York: MacMi I lan, 1989.
     Joint Task Force on Teacher Preparation. "Making Teaching A
     Major Profession." Boston, MA: Commonwealth of
     Massachusetts Board of Regents of Higher Education/Board
     of Education, 1987. Photocopied.
     Joseph, E. A. & J. Biddle. "Teacher Education in Ohio, 1960
     to 1990: Strong Paradigm; Emerging Anomalies." In Teacher
     Education Policy: i\\arratives, Stories, and Class, edited
     by H. D. Gideonse, pp. 91-109. Albany, XY: SG\\Y Press,1992
     Judge, H. American Graduate Schools of Education: A View
     from Abroad. New York: Ford Foundation, 1982
     Keith, M. J. "We`ve Heard This Song ... Or Have We?" Journal
     of Teacher Education 38 (May-June 1987): 20-25.
     Kluender, M. M. "Teacher Education Programs in the 1980s:
     So me Se lee ted Ch a rae t e r i s tic s ." J 0 urn a I 0 f Tea c her
     Education 35 (July-August 1984): 33-35.
     Koerner, J. D. The Miseducation of American Teachers.
     Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1963.
     Layton) D. H. "The Regents Action Plan: Xew York`s
     Educational Reform Initiative in the 1980s." Peabody
     Journal of Education 63 (Summer 1986): 6-22
     Lortie) D. C. Schoolteacher. Chicago: The University of
     Chicago Press) 1975.
     Manning) D. T. "Historical Lessons for Teacher Education."
     Journal of Teacher Education 38 (November-December 1987):20-24.
     Mastain) R. K. Manual on Certification and Preparation of
     Educational Personnel in the United States . Dubuque) Iowa:
     KASCTEC/ Kendall / Hunt) 1991
     McLaughl in) M. W.) et al. State Pol icy and Teaching
     Excellence. Project Report Xo. 85-A5. San Francisco:
     Institute for Research on Educational Finance and
     Governance) School of Education) Stanford University) 1985.
     The Metropol itan Life Survey of Former Teachers in America.
     New York: Metropol itan Life Insurance Company) 1985.
     Metropol itan Life Survey of State Actions to Upgrade
     Teachers and Education. New York: Metropol itan Life
     Insurance Company) 1985.
     Murnane) R. J. et al . Who Wil I Teach? Pol icies That Matter.
     Cambridge) MA: Harvard University Press) 1991
     Murphy, J. "The Educational Reform Movement of the 1980s: A
     Comprehensive Analysis." In J. Murphy (ed.), The
     Educational Reform Movement of the 1980s. pp. 3-55.
     Berkeley, CA: McCutchan, 1990.
     Murray, C. E. In Search of Accountability: Lessons
     Learned from Rochester. Paper Presented at the
     American Education Research Association, San
     Francisco, April 21,1992
     ~ational Association of Directors for Teacher Education and
     Certification. Standards for State Approval of
     Teacher Education. Salt Lake City, Utah: Author,1988.
     National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.
     Questions and Answers. Washington, D.C.: Author, n.d.
     The National Commission on Excellence in Education. A Nation
     at Risk: The Imperative of Educational Reform. Washington,
     D.C.:? Author, 1983.
     National Commission for Excellence in Teacher Education. A
     Call for Change in Teacher Education. Washington, D.C.:
     American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education,1985.
     Xational Counci I for Accreditation of Teacher Education.
     Standards, Procedures, and Policies for the Accreditation
     of Professional Education Units. (Revised December 1987)
     Washington, D.C.: Author, 1987.
     Xational Education Association. Excellence In Our Schools:
     Teacher Education-An Action Plan. Washington, D.C.:Author, 1982
     National Governors` Association. The Governors` 1991 Report
     on Education: Result in Education 1989. Washington, D.C.:Author, 1989.
     National Science Board Commission on Precollege Education in
     Mathematics, Science and Technology. Educating Americans
     for the 21st Century: A Report to the American People and
     the National Science Board. Washington, D.C. : U.S.
     Government Printing Office, 1983. ED 233913.
     Xelson, F. H. Survey & Analysis of Salary Trends 1987.
     Washington, D.C.: American Federation of Teachers, 1987.
     The New York Report: A Blueprint for Learning and Teaching.
     Albany, NY: Commissioner`s Task Force on the Teaching
     Profession, 1988.
     Xew York State Assembly Task Force on Education. Teacher
     Recruitment and Retention in New York State. Albany, NY:
     Author, 1986.
     ~ew York State Directory 1991/92 9th ed. San Mateo, CA:
     Walker`s Western Research, 1991
     New York State Education Department. Strengthening Teaching
     In New York: A Review of Issues. Albany, NY: Author, 1985.
     New York State Education Department. Report of the 1985-86
     Regents/Commissioner`s Regional Conferences on
     Strengthening Teaching in New York State. Albany, NY:
     Author, 1986(a).
     New York State Education Department. Annual Report 1986-87.
     Albany, NY: Author, 1987 .
     . New York State Education Department. Priority Activities of
     the Regents and the State Education Department 1988-89.
     Albany, NY: author, 1988.
     New York State Education Department. Projections of Public
     School Classroom Teachers New York State 1989-90 to 1993-
     94. Albany, NY: Author, 1990.
     New York State Education Department. New York State Publ ic
     School Districts 90-91 Brochure. Albany, NY: Author,1991a.
     New York State Education Department. New York State Teacher
     Certification Examinations: Plans for Dev~lopment and
     Administration. Albany, NY: Author, 1991b.
     Xew York State School Boards Association. Excellence In
     Teaching: The Other End of the Bargain. A Report on the
     Uses of Excellence in Teaching Aid- Past, Present and
     Proposed. Albany, NY: Author, 1987.
     ;\\olan,` D. J. "New York State Education Department Memo on
     New Teacher Certification Requirements." [Photocopy],
     June 16, 1989.
     Nolan, D. J. "New York State Education Department Memo on
     Examinations for Classroom Teaching Certificates."
     [Photocopy], July 1992
     The Official Compi lation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of
     the State of New York. 1991
     Olson, L. "Teaching Our Teachers." Education Week (December
     12, 1990): 11-26.
     Passow, A. H. "The Future of the High School."
     Teachers College Record 79 (1977): 15-31
     Passow, A. H. Reforming Schools in the 1980s: A Critical
     Review of the Xational Reports. NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on
     Urban Education, 1984. ED 242859.
     Prabhu,? C. D. "The Development of the New York State Regents
     Action Plan to Improve Elementary and Secondary Education
     in New York State: A Case Study." Ed.d. diss., State
     University of Xew York at Buffalo, 1988.
     Presidents` Commission on Teacher Education, AASCU. Teach
     America: A Presidents` Agenda for Improving Teacher
     Education. Washington, D.C.: AASCU, 1991
     "The President`s Radio Address to the Nation on Education."
     American Education (June 1983): 4-5.
     Prestine, N. A. "The Struggle for Control of Teacher
     Education: The University of Wisconsin-Madison." In
     Teacher Education Policy: Narratives, Stories, and Cases,
     edited by H. D. Gideonse J pp. 159-180. Albany, NY: SUNY
     Press, 1992
     Raths, J., C. Zych, and M. Wojtaszek-Healy. "NCATE and
     Certification: A Status Report." Journal of Teacher
     Education 36 (September-October 1985) : 53-55.
     Requirements for Certification of Teachers, Counselors,
     Librarians, Administrators for Elementary and Secondary
     Schools. (46th ed. 1981-82) Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1981
     Requirements for Certification of Teachers, Counselors,
     Librarians, Administrators for Elementary and Secondary
     Schools. (50th ed. 1985-86) Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1985.
     Requirements for Certification of Teachers, Counselors,
     Librarians, Administrators for Elementary and Secondary
     Schools. (54th ed. 1989-90) Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1989.
     Roth, R. A. Teaching and Teacher Education: Implementing
     Reform. Bloomington, Indiana: The Phi Delta Kappa
     Educational Foundation, 1986.
     Roth, R. A. "Dichotomous Paradigms for Teacher Education:
     The Rise or Fall of the Empire." Action in Teacher
     Education 14 (Spring 1992): 1-9.
     Sanders, T., et al. Staffing the Nation`s Schools: A
     National Emergency. Washington, D.C.: Council of Chief
     State State School Officers, 1984.
     Sanders, T. "Teacher Education and the Chief State School
     Officers." Journal of Teacher Education 36
     (January-February 1985): 12-15.
     Scannell, D., D. G. Andersen, and H. D. Gideonse. Who Sets
     the Standards? The Need for State Professional Standards
     and Practices Boards. Washington, D.C.: Association of
     Col leges and Schools of Education in State Universities and Land Grant Col leges and Affiliated Private Universities~ 1989. ED 315873.
     Schlechty, P. C. and V. S. Vance. Recruitment, Selection and Retention: The Shape of the Teaching Force. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Education, 1982
     Sedlak, M. and S. Schlossman. Who Wil I Teach? Historical Perspectives on the Changing Appeal of Teaching as a Profession. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation, 1986.
     Sikula, J. "National Commission Reports of the 1980s." In Handbook of Research on Teacher Education, edited by W. R. Houston, pp. 72-82 NY: Macmil lan, 1990.
     Simms, R. L. "Attitudes of Oklahoma Teachers Toward House Bill 1706." Journal of Teacher Education 34 (March-April 1983): 26-28. Simms, R. L. "Assault on Teacher Education in Texas." Journal of Teacher Education 39 (November-December 1988) :17-20.
     Sobol, T. "New York State Education Department Memo on Public Teaching as a Profession ." [Photocopy] Albany, NY: New York State Education Department} February 10} 1989.
     Southern Regional Education Board. Improving Teacher Education: An Agenda for Higher Education and the Schools. Atlanta} GA : Author} 1985.
     Southern Regional Education Board. "Major Regional Reports on Teacher Education: What Do They Mean for States?" Regional Spotl ight 15 (October 1986): 1-6. ED 275633.
     Su, Z. Teacher Education Reform in the United States (1890-1986) . Occasional Paper no. 3. Seattle} WA: Center for Educational Renewal / Institute for the Study of Educational Policy, College of Education} Washington University} 1986.
     Task Force on Teaching as a Profession. A ~ation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century. New York: Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, 1986.
     Triplett, J. R. "Preparing More Minority Teachers: SREB
     States Take Action." Regional Spotlight/Southern Regional Education Board (April 1990): 1-8. ERIC ED 319736.
     Tsai(a), C. International Bibliography on Teacher Education. Special Studies in Comparative Education # 29. (Buffalo, NY: Comparative Education Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1992L Introduction chapter.
     Tsai(b), C. Review of Who Will Teach? Pol icies That Matter, by R. J. ~urnane, et al. In Educational Pol icy 6 (December 1992): 461-463.
     Tymitz-\\VoIC B. L. "The Xew Vocationalism and Teacher Education." Journal of Teacher Education 35 (January-February 1984): 21-25.
     Wal ton, S. B. "States Reform Efforts Increase as Focus of Issues Shift." Education Week 11 (December 11,1983): 5-19.
     Warner, A. R. "Legislated Limits on Certification Requirements: Lessons from the Texas Experience." Journal
     of Teacher Education 41 (September-October 1990): 26-33.
     Watts, D. "ifCATE and Texas Eyeb~U to Eyeball: Who Wil Blink?" Phi Delta Kappan 71 (December 1989): 311-318.
     Weaver, W. T. America’s Teacher Qualtiy Prpblem:
      Alternatives for Reform. New York: Praeger, 1983.
     Wong, M. J. &R. T. Osguthorpe. “The Continuing Domination of the Four-Year Teacher Education Program: A National Survey. ”Journal of Teacher Education 44(January-February 1993):64-70
     Woodring, P. ”The Future of the Teacher College” Journal of Teacher Education 11(September 1960):340-342.
     Zeichner, K. M. “Alternative Paradigms of Teacher Education.” Journal of Teacher Education 34(May-June 1983):3-9.		zh_TW