Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 新創生技公司個案分析 - 以Theranos公司為例
A Case Study of Biotechnology Startup Companies - In Example of Theranos, Inc.
作者 曾哲揚
Tseng, Tse Yang
貢獻者 陳桂恒<br>彭朱如
曾哲揚
Tseng, Tse Yang
關鍵詞 生技產業
個案研究
關鍵成功因素
Bioindustry
Case Study
Key Success Factors
日期 2016
上傳時間 22-Aug-2016 13:42:51 (UTC+8)
摘要 生命科學產業常被視作將來的明星產業,亦被選為台灣產業轉型政策中之策略性產業。新創生技公司如何取得成功,是台灣接下來需特別關注的重要議題。
本研究以2015年時新創生技公司中最具代表性的案例-Theranos公司為分析標的。先藉「策略行銷分析4C架構」和「策略形態分析法」分析該公司在危機事件爆發前的策略形貌以及成功關鍵因素。再就危機事件對該公司帶來的影響、其處理方式是否合宜,以及該公司未來可能採取的發展策略進行探討。期望相關研究結果可供台灣的生技公司作為參考借鏡,從中學習應如何訂定公司的發展策略、該投注資源的重點項目為何,並了解在處理危機時應注意那些事項。
結果發現,危機事件爆發前該公司的血液檢驗服務因擁有較低的外顯單位效益成本,而使其整體交易成本應優於同業。整體而言,該公司採取了高度垂直整合的策略,且十分仰賴背書代言效果以及合作關係所帶來的獨特通路。該公司於此時期的關鍵成功因素包括:產業趨勢與市場需求、研發能力、檢驗能力、行銷能力、團隊成員與合作夥伴和資金。危機事件爆發後其檢驗能力、行銷、檢驗通路均受明顯影響,該公司危機處理行動之成效目前尚無法定論,但其聲譽已因溝通行動的缺失而嚴重受損。目前外界仍無法得知部分可能影響該公司未來發展的關鍵因素之相關訊息,依該公司的實際狀況,倒閉清算、限縮業務範圍或持續擴張都是其未來可能的發展。
此案例分析結果可提供台灣新創生技廠商參考學習,除可藉此案例了解技術基礎與行銷活動的重要性外,亦可從中學習到:把握市場機會、運用優勢爭取合作機會、注重行銷的整合性、善用背書效果與媒體、注意法律規範風險、確保關鍵技術的可信度、注意危機溝通,及注意團隊成員選擇...等事項之重要性。
Life sciences industry has been seen as the star industry in the future and has been selected as the centerpiece of Taiwan`s industrial transformation policy. How can a biotechnology startup company develop successful is going to be an important issue we must concern about.
In this study, the most representative and controversial case in biotechnology startup companies in 2015 - Theranos, Inc. has been chosen as the research subject. "4C Framework of Strategic Marketing Analysis" and "Strategic Pattern Analysis" are used to analyze the company`s strategic pattern and key success factors during the period before the critical incidents happened. The critical incidents` effects upon the company, the appropriateness of its crisis management actions, and its future development strategies are also discussed in this study. The purpose of this study is to provide information for Taiwan`s biotechnology companies as a reference for strategy development, resource allocation and crisis management.
We found that before the critical incidents happened, the company`s blood examination service had lower overall transaction cost due to its lower cost of utility. The company was highly vertically integrated, relied on endorsement effects, and owned unique partnership which contributed to its special distribution channels. In this period of time, its key success factors included: industry trend and market demand, research ability, examination ability, marketing ability, team member and business partner, and finance. After the critical incidents happened, the company`s examination ability, marketing activities, and distribution channels have been adversely affected. And although we cannot make a final conclusion about the effects of its crisis management actions now, its deficiencies in communication has already resulted in huge damage to its reputation. Until today, some information about key factors which might affect the company`s future development still remains unknown to the public. Depends on the actual status of the company, its possible development strategies include: go bankrupt, narrow down the scope of business, or keep expanding.
This case study shows the importance of both technology and marketing in biotechnology companies. And the study results provide some practical suggestions to Taiwan`s biotechnology companies, which include: seize the market opportunities, use company`s specialty to build up partnership, the importance of integrated marketing, usage of endorsement effect and media, beware of the legal risk, make sure of the reliability of company`s key technology, the importance of crisis communication, and the importance of choose the team members.
參考文獻 中文參考文獻
2016蔡英文、陳建仁競選辦公室(2015年10月27日)。蔡英文亞太生技醫藥研發產業中心政策發表記者會致詞全文。2016年5月30日,取自http:// iing.tw/posts/224
大前研一(1982/1993)。The Mind of Strategist。黃宏義(譯)。策略家的智慧。台北:長河出版社。
司徒達賢(2016)。策略管理新論:觀念架構與分析方法(三版)。台北:智勝文化事業。
朱延智(2002)。企業危機管理。台北:五南圖書。
自由時報綜合報導(2014年3月3日)胖達人走入歷史,8家關門8家換老闆。自由時報。2016年6月4日,取自http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/ breakingnews/960498
何雍慶(1990)。實用行銷管理。台北:華泰書局。
吳宜蓁(2005)。危機傳播-公共關係與語藝觀點的理論與實證。台北:五南圖書。
李孟訓、劉冠男、丁神梅與林俞君(2007)。我國生物科技產業關鍵成功因素之研究。東吳經濟商學學報,56。
林佩萱(2015年10月29日)。專題講座七:從產業轉型看臺灣策略性產業發展。六大產業轉型方向改善台灣四困境。2016年5月30日,取自http://www. gvm.com.tw/webonly_content_6769.html
林坤輝(2013)。新創骨科醫療器材公司的競爭策略分析與建議。國立台灣大學管理學院碩士在職專班商學組碩士論文。
林怡廷(2016年3月1日)。浩鼎事件後台灣該領悟三件事。天下雜誌。2016年6月5日,取自:http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5074820
邱志聖(2014)。策略行銷分析:架構與實務應用(四版)。台北:智勝文化事業。
侯良儒(2016年2月22日)。浩鼎新藥解盲未過市場譁然。蘋果日報。2016年6月5日,取自:http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/finance/ 20160222/37074398/
施春美(2013年8月27日)不限購買日,胖達人今起退費。蘋果日報。2016年6月4日,取自http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/ 20130827/35249863/
陳文欽、溫源鳳、蘇育敏(2004)。從資源基礎理論探討醫療產業經營關鍵成功因素--策略矩陣分析法之應用。遠東學報,21(3),501-510。
黃丙喜、馮志能、劉遠忠(2009)。動態危機管理。台北:商周出版。
經濟部工業局(2015)。2015生技產業白皮書。臺北:中華民國經濟部工業局。
劉祥熹、李顯章(2002)。臺灣地區醫療儀器業發展競爭優勢之分析--對關鍵成功因素之檢視與確認。經濟情勢暨評論,7(4),222-253。
鄧麗萍(2012)。整形大亨入主胖達人變生技金雞。商業週刊,1302,66-70。
隴澤正雄(1996/1999)。企業危機管理。徐漢章(譯)。企業危機管理:組織邁向安全經營的法則。台北:高寶書版集團。

英文參考文獻
Aaker, D. A. (1985). Strategic Market Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Abbott Point of Care Inc. (2015). Cartridge and Test Information. Princeton, NJ: Author.
Abelson, R. & Creswell, J. (2015, December 19). The New York Times. Theranos Founder Faces a Test of Technology, and Reputation. Retrieved December 22, 2015 from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/20/business/theranos-founder- faces-a-test-of-technology-and-reputation.html
AdvaMedDx. (2011, June). A Policy Primer on Diagnostics. Retrieved February 20, 2016 from http://advameddx.org/
Allen, D. (2016, February). Healthcare market dynamics & Success Factors in Retail Health. Paper presented at the meeting of Oregon Healthcare Financial Management Association Winter Meeting 2016, Gleneden Beach, OR.
Ansoff, H. I. (1965). Corporate strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ansoff, H. I. (1984). Implanting Strategic Management. UK: Prentice Hall International LTD.
Auletta, K. (2014, December 15). The New Yorker. Blood, Simpler. Retrieved November 27, 2015 form http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/12/15/ blood-simpler
Austin, S., Canipe, C. & Slobin, S. (2015, February 18). The Wall Street Journal. The Billion Dollar Startup Club. Retrieved October 28, 2015 from http:// graphics.wsj.com/billion-dollar-club/
Barnard, C.I. (1948). Organization and Management: Selected Papers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Booth, S. A. (1993). Crisis management strategy: Competition and change in modern enterprises. London; New York: Routledge.
Beck, M. & Martin, T. W. (2014, Feburary 24). The Wall Street Journal. Pediatrics Group Balks at Rise of Retail Health Clinics .Retrieved June 14, 2016 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304834704579400962328393876
Buchanan, B. (2016a, April 7). Theranos Announces Leading Medical and Laboratory Experts Join Scientific and Medical Advisory Board [Press Release]. Retrieved April 10, 2016 from https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-announ ces-leading-medical-and-laboratory-experts-join-scientific-and-medical-advisory-board
Buchanan, B. (2016b, March 31). Theranos Statement on CMS 2567 Report [Press Release]. Retrieved April 10, 2016 from https://www.theranos.com/news/ posts/theranos-statement-on-cms-2567-report
Buchanan, B. (2016c, May 11). Theranos Announces Expansion of Board of Directors and New Organizational Structure [Press Release]. Retrieved May 16, 2016 from https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-announces- expansion-of-board-of-directors-and-new-organizational-structure
Buhr, S. (2015, December 26). Tech Church. Theranos Wellness Centers Aren’t Using “Nanotainers” At This Time. Retrieved January 2, 2016 from http://tech crunch.com/2015/12/26/theranos-wellness-centers-arent-using-nanotainers-at-this-time/#.y3mcm7r:54CY
Carreyrou, J. (2015a, October 16). The Wall Street Journal. Hot Startup Theranos Has Struggled With Its Blood-Test Technology. Retrieved October 23, 2015 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901
Carreyrou, J. (2015b, October 16). The Wall Street Journal. Hot Startup Theranos Dials Back Lab Tests at FDA’s Behest. Retrieved October 25, 2015 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/hot-startup-theranos-dials-back-lab-tests-at-fdas-behest-1444961864
Carreyrou, J. (2015c, November 10). The Wall Street Journal. Safeway Theranos Split After $350 Million Deal Fizzles. Retrieved November 15, 2015 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/safeway-theranos-split-after-350-million-deal-fizzles-1447205796
Carreyrou, J., Weaver, C. & SiconolfiI, M. (2016, January 24). The Wall Street Journal. Deficiencies Found at Theranos Lab. Retrieved March 22, 2016 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/problems-found-at-theranos-lab-1453684743
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2016, January). Laboratories By Facility Type Under CLIA. Retrieved March 10, 2016 from https://www.cms.gov/ Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/CLIA_Statistical_Tables_Graphs.html
Commons, J. R. (1934). Institutional Economics. New York: The Mamillan Company.
Chandler, A. D. Jr. (1962). Strategy and Structure. Cambridge, Mass: M. I. T. Press.
Chen, C. (2015, May 7). Bloomberg Business. Silicon Valley`s Blood-Testing Startup Hires Clinton Adviser. Retrieved November 27, 2015 form http://www. bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-07/silicon-valley-s-blood-testing-startup-hires-a-clinton-adviser
Daniel D. W. (1961). Management information crisis. Havard Business Review, 39(5): 111-121.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited. (2015). 2016 Global life sciences outlook. New York: Author.
Diamond, D. (2015, December 3). Forbes. Surprise: Theranos CEO Says Company Is Doing More Tests Than Ever. Retrieved December 20, 2015 from http://www.forbes.com/sites/dandiamond/2015/12/03/surprise-elizabeth-holmes-says-theranos-is-seeing-its-highest-volumes-ever/
Diaz, A. (2014, July 17). Advertising Age. Former TBWA Creative Exec O`Neill Named Chief Creative Officer at Startup Theranos. Retrieved December 27, 2015 from http://adage.com/article/agency-news/tbwa-chiat-day-patrick-o- neill-cco-theranos/294167/
Drucker, P. F. (1954). Practice of management. New York: Harper.
Ducey, J. (2016, February 24). Why pay $40 more for the same lab test? Comparing lab prices to save you money. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from http://www. abc15.com/news/let-joe-know/why-pay-40-more-for-the-same-lab-test-comparing-lab-prices-to-save-you-money
Duhaime-Ross, A. (2016, May 26). The Verge. Theranos hit with second class action lawsuit, one day after the first. Retrieved July 25, 2016 from http://www. theverge.com/2016//26/11787884/theranos-second-class-action-lawsuit-casey-jones
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (2014). Roche Diagnostic Business Insight. Basel, Switzerland: Author.
Fink, S. (1986). Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable. New York, NY: American Management Association.
Future Market Insights. (2016, February). Laboratory Information Systems (LIS) Market: Driven by Increasing per capita spending in healthcare and adoption of advance healthcare solution: Global Industry Analysis and Opportunity Assessment 2015 - 2025. Retrieved March 25, 2016 from http://www. futuremarketinsights.com/reports/laboratory-information-systems-market
Genalyte, Inc. (2015, August 18). Genalyte Announces $44 Million Financing [Press Release]. Retrieved June 14, 2016 from http://www.genalyte.com/press- releases/
Glueck, W. F. (1976). Business Policy: Strategy Formulation and Management Action, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill..
Gross, B. (2015, June). The single biggest reason why startups succeed. Retrieved May 28, 2016 from https://www.ted.com/talks/bill_gross_the_single_biggest_ reason_why_startups_succeed/transcript
Gonzalez-Herrero, A. & Pratt, C. B. (1995). How to manage a crisis before-or-whatever-it hits. Public Relations Quarterly, 40(1), 25-29.
Hackett , R. (2015, October 27). Fortune.Here`s what the FDA found inside Theranos` lab. Retrieved December 19, 2015 form http://fortune.com/2015/10/27/fda- theranos-lab-inspection-findings/
Hayes, R. E. (1985). Corporate crisis management as adaptive control. In S. J. Andriole (Ed.), Corporate crisis management (pp.21-37). Princeton, N.J.: Petrocelli Books.
Hermann, C. F. (1969). Some Consequences of crisis which limit the viability of organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 8, 61-82.
Herper, M. (2016, June 1). Forbes. From $4.5 Billion To Nothing: Forbes Revises Estimated Net Worth Of Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes. Retrieved June 4, 2016 form http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/06/01/from-4- 5-billion-to-nothing-forbes-revises-estimated-net-worth-of-theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes/#77810f912f29
Hofer, C. W. & Shendel, D. (1978). Strategic Management and Business Policy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Holmes, E. (2015, July 5). Freedom to get lab tests ushers in better health care. Retrieved January 1, 2016 form http://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/ op-ed/2015/07/05/arizona-lab-tests-law/2964
IBISWorld. (2016). IBIS – 62151 Diagnostic & Medical Laboratories in the US Industry Report. Retrieved February 20, 2016 from http://www.ibisworld.com /industry/default.aspx?indid=1575
International Finance Corporation. (2011). Guide for Investors in Private Health Care in Emerging Markets. Washington, DC: Author.
Kotler, P. (1976). Marketing Management, Analysis, Planning and Controls. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings. (2015). LabCorp 2014 Annual Report. Burlington, NC: Author.
Leidecker, J. K. & Bruno, A. V. (1984). Identifying and Using Critical Success Factors. Long Range Planning, 17(1): 23-32.
Lerbinger, O. (1997). The crisis manager: Facing risk and responsibility. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Markets and Markets. (2014, October). Laboratory Information Systems (LIS) Market worth $1,806.1 Million by 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2016 from http:// www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/laboratory-information-system.asp
Markets and Markets. (2015, July). In Vitro Diagnostics (IVD) Market by Product (instruments, Reagents, Software, Service) Technology (Immunoassay, Clinical Chemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Hematology) by Application (Diabetes, Cancer, Cardiology, Autoimmune Diseases) - Forecast to 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/ ivd-in-vitro- diagnostics- market-703.html
McCann, C. (2015, November 6). Scaling Theranos with Elizabeth Holmes  —  Class 14 Notes of Stanford University’s CS183C. Retrieved December 7, 2015 form https://medium.com/notes-essays-cs183c-technology-enabled-blitzscalin/scaling-theranos-with-elizabeth-holmes-class-14-notes-of-stanford-university-s-cs183c-f2029b7c21a0#.ddiw0aiiq
McMurtry, C. M., Noel, M., Taddio, A., Antony, M. M., Asmundson, G. J., Riddell, R. P., Chambers, C. T., Shah, V. & HELPinKids&Adults Team. (2015). Interventions for individuals with high levels of needle fear: systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials. The Clinical journal of pain, 31, S109-S123.
Mitroff, I. I., & Pauchant, T. C. (1992). Transforming the crisis-prone organization: Preventing individual, organizational, and environmental tragedies. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Mitroff, I. I., & Pearson, C. M. (1993). Crisis management: A diagnostic guide for improving your organization`s crisis-preparedness. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Munro, D. (2015, July 13). Forbes. An Inside Look At The Theranos Direct-To-Consumer Experience. Retrieved November 20, 2015 from http://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2015/07/13/an-inside-look-at-the-theranos-direct-to-consumer-experience/
Nudell, M., & Antokol, N. (1988). The handbook for effective emergency and crisis management. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
Oreskovic, A. (2016, April 18). Business Insider. Theranos is now facing a criminal investigation. Retrieved April 22, 2016 from http://www.businessinsider.com/ theranos-is-under-investigation-by-the-sec-and-the-us-attorneys-office-2016-4
Parloff, R. (2014a, June 12). Fortune. This CEO is out of blood. Retrieved November 25, 2015 form http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-blood-holmes/
Parloff, R. (2014b, June 12). Fortune. A singular board at Theranos. Retrieved December 19, 2015 form http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-board- directors/
Pearson, C. M., & Clair, J. A. (1998). Reframing crisis management. Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 59-76.
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. New York: Springer.
Polzin, M. (2016, June 12). Walgreens Terminates Relationship with Theranos; Will Be Closing Operations at All 40 Theranos Wellness Centers in Arizona [Press Release]. Retrieved June 13, 2016 form http://news.walgreens.com/press- releases/general-news/walgreens-terminates-relationship-with-theranos-will-be-closing-operations-at-all-40-theranos-wellness-centers-in-arizona.htm
Porter, M. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York: The Free Press.
Quest Diagnostics Inc. (2016). Quest Diagnostics 2015 Annual Report On Form 10-k. Madison, NJ: Author.
Ramsey, L. (2016, January 27). Business Insider. Theranos is putting people`s health at risk, US government says. Retrieved March 22, 2016 from http://www. businessinsider.com/theranos-lab-problems-medicare-report-2016-1
Robinson, M. (2015, October 21). Tech insider. Here`s what it`s really like to get blood drawn at Theranos. Retrieved October 30, 2015 from http://www.techinsider.io /i-tried-theranos-2015-10
Rockart, J. F. (1979). Chief executives define their own data needs. Harvard Business Review, 57(2): 137-145.
Seeger, M. W., & Ulmer, R. R. (2001). Virtuous responses to organizational crisis: Aaron Feuerstein and Milt Cole. Journal of Business Ethics, 31(4), 369-376.
Shane, S. A. (2005). Finding Fertile Ground: Identifying Extraordinary Opportunities for New Ventures. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing.
Sharon M. O. (1994). Modern Competitive Analysis. New York: Oxford.
Shuren, J., & Conway, P. H. (2015, April 16). FDA and CMS Form Task Force on LDT Quality Requirements. Retrieved April 2, 2016 from http://blogs.fda.gov/ fdavoice/index.php/2015/04/fda-and-cms-form-task-force-on-ldt-quality-requirements/
Siconolfi, M., Carreyrou, J. & Weaver, C. (2015, October 23). The Wall Street Journal. Walgreens Scrutinizes Theranos Testing. Retrieved October 27, 2015 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/walgreens-scrutinizes-theranos-testing-1445644015
Sonora Quest Laboratories. (2015, November 23). Sonora Quest Laboratories Offers Convenient Laboratory Services to Arizona Consumers in Select Safeway Locations [Press Release]. Retrieved December 30, 2015 from http://www. sonoraquest.com/news/2015/sonora-quest-laboratories-offers-convenient-laboratory-services-to-arizona-consumers-in-select-safeway-locations/
Statista GmbH. (2016a). Revenue of diagnostic & medical laboratories (NAICS 62151) in the United States from 2009 to 2014 (in billion U.S. dollars). Retrieved February 25, 2016 from http://www.statista.com/statistics/296827/revenue-diag nostic-and-medical-laboratories-in-the-us/
Statista GmbH. (2016b). Global top 10 companies based on in vitro diagnostics market share in 2014 and 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from http:// www.statista.com/statistics/331722/top-global-medtech-companies-by-in-vitro-diagnostics-market-share/
Stocker, K. P. (1997). A strategic approach to crisis management. In C. L. Caywood (Ed.), The handbook of strategic public relations & integrated communications (pp.189-203). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tenenbaum, D. (2014, April 14). Simple sample: Federal grant advances pain-free blood tests from UW startup [Press Release]. Retrieved June 14, 2016 from http://news.wisc.edu/simple-sample-federal-grant-advances-pain-free-blood-tests-from-uw-startup/
The Medicare Learning Network. (2015). Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and Medicare Laboratory Services. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Theranos, Inc. (2015, October 16). Statement from Theranos [Press Release]. Retrieved October 25, 2015 from https://theranos.com/news/posts/statement- from-theranos-2
Transparency Market Research. (2013). Clinical Laboratory Services Market (Clinical Chemistry, Medical Microbiology & Cytology, Human & Tumor Genetics and Other Esoteric Tests) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2013 - 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2016 from http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/clinical-laboratory-services-market.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015a). Laboratory Developed Tests. Retrieved April 2, 2016 from http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedical Procedures/InVitroDiagnostics/ucm407296.htm
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015b). How to Study and Market Your Device. Retrieved April 3, 2016 from http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Device RegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/default.htm
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015c). Inspectional Observations (Form FDA 483). Retrieved November 18, 2015 from http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/ fdagov-public/@fdagov-afda-orgs/documents/document/ucm469395.pdf
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015d). Inspectional Observations (Form FDA 483). Retrieved November 18, 2015 from http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups /fdagov-public/@fdagov-afda-orgs/documents/document/ucm469396.pdf
United States Census Bureau. (2016, January 27). 2013 County Business Patterns. Retrieved February 25, 2016 from http://www.census. gov/con/ cbp/index.html
VC Experts.com, Inc. (2015). Company Intelligence Report: Theranos Inc. Shreveport, LA: Author.
Vroom , L. (2015, June 23). Theranos to Begin Global Work in Mexico [Press Release]. Retrieved November 20, 2015 from https://www.theranos.com/ news/posts/theranos-to-begin-global-work-in-mexico
Walgreens. (2013, April 04). Take Care Clinics Expand Scope of Health Care Services to Include Chronic Condition Management and Additional Preventive Health Offerings [Press Release]. Retrieved May 1, 2016 from http://news. walgreens.com/press-releases/general-news/take-care-clinics-expand-scope-of-health-care-services-to-include-chronic-condition-management-and-additional-preventive-health-offerings.htm
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
103363106
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103363106
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳桂恒<br>彭朱如zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 曾哲揚zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tseng, Tse Yangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 曾哲揚zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tseng, Tse Yangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 22-Aug-2016 13:42:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 22-Aug-2016 13:42:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 22-Aug-2016 13:42:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103363106en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/100586-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103363106zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 生命科學產業常被視作將來的明星產業,亦被選為台灣產業轉型政策中之策略性產業。新創生技公司如何取得成功,是台灣接下來需特別關注的重要議題。
本研究以2015年時新創生技公司中最具代表性的案例-Theranos公司為分析標的。先藉「策略行銷分析4C架構」和「策略形態分析法」分析該公司在危機事件爆發前的策略形貌以及成功關鍵因素。再就危機事件對該公司帶來的影響、其處理方式是否合宜,以及該公司未來可能採取的發展策略進行探討。期望相關研究結果可供台灣的生技公司作為參考借鏡,從中學習應如何訂定公司的發展策略、該投注資源的重點項目為何,並了解在處理危機時應注意那些事項。
結果發現,危機事件爆發前該公司的血液檢驗服務因擁有較低的外顯單位效益成本,而使其整體交易成本應優於同業。整體而言,該公司採取了高度垂直整合的策略,且十分仰賴背書代言效果以及合作關係所帶來的獨特通路。該公司於此時期的關鍵成功因素包括:產業趨勢與市場需求、研發能力、檢驗能力、行銷能力、團隊成員與合作夥伴和資金。危機事件爆發後其檢驗能力、行銷、檢驗通路均受明顯影響,該公司危機處理行動之成效目前尚無法定論,但其聲譽已因溝通行動的缺失而嚴重受損。目前外界仍無法得知部分可能影響該公司未來發展的關鍵因素之相關訊息,依該公司的實際狀況,倒閉清算、限縮業務範圍或持續擴張都是其未來可能的發展。
此案例分析結果可提供台灣新創生技廠商參考學習,除可藉此案例了解技術基礎與行銷活動的重要性外,亦可從中學習到:把握市場機會、運用優勢爭取合作機會、注重行銷的整合性、善用背書效果與媒體、注意法律規範風險、確保關鍵技術的可信度、注意危機溝通,及注意團隊成員選擇...等事項之重要性。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Life sciences industry has been seen as the star industry in the future and has been selected as the centerpiece of Taiwan`s industrial transformation policy. How can a biotechnology startup company develop successful is going to be an important issue we must concern about.
In this study, the most representative and controversial case in biotechnology startup companies in 2015 - Theranos, Inc. has been chosen as the research subject. "4C Framework of Strategic Marketing Analysis" and "Strategic Pattern Analysis" are used to analyze the company`s strategic pattern and key success factors during the period before the critical incidents happened. The critical incidents` effects upon the company, the appropriateness of its crisis management actions, and its future development strategies are also discussed in this study. The purpose of this study is to provide information for Taiwan`s biotechnology companies as a reference for strategy development, resource allocation and crisis management.
We found that before the critical incidents happened, the company`s blood examination service had lower overall transaction cost due to its lower cost of utility. The company was highly vertically integrated, relied on endorsement effects, and owned unique partnership which contributed to its special distribution channels. In this period of time, its key success factors included: industry trend and market demand, research ability, examination ability, marketing ability, team member and business partner, and finance. After the critical incidents happened, the company`s examination ability, marketing activities, and distribution channels have been adversely affected. And although we cannot make a final conclusion about the effects of its crisis management actions now, its deficiencies in communication has already resulted in huge damage to its reputation. Until today, some information about key factors which might affect the company`s future development still remains unknown to the public. Depends on the actual status of the company, its possible development strategies include: go bankrupt, narrow down the scope of business, or keep expanding.
This case study shows the importance of both technology and marketing in biotechnology companies. And the study results provide some practical suggestions to Taiwan`s biotechnology companies, which include: seize the market opportunities, use company`s specialty to build up partnership, the importance of integrated marketing, usage of endorsement effect and media, beware of the legal risk, make sure of the reliability of company`s key technology, the importance of crisis communication, and the importance of choose the team members.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究方法與限制 3
第三節 研究流程與章節架構 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 策略行銷架構 6
第二節 策略形態分析法 12
第三節 關鍵成功因素 20
第四節 危機處理 27
第三章 個案公司與產業 33
第一節 個案公司所屬產業介紹 33
第二節 個案公司介紹 44
第四章 個案分析與討論 67
第一節 危機事件發生前之策略與關鍵成功因素 67
第二節 危機事件與處理 93
第三節 可能的未來發展策略 102
第五章 結論與建議 107
第一節 結論 107
第二節 給台灣生技廠商的建議 108
第三節 研究限制 110
參考文獻 112
附錄 125
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 8380777 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103363106en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生技產業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 個案研究zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 關鍵成功因素zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Bioindustryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Case Studyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Key Success Factorsen_US
dc.title (題名) 新創生技公司個案分析 - 以Theranos公司為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Case Study of Biotechnology Startup Companies - In Example of Theranos, Inc.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文參考文獻
2016蔡英文、陳建仁競選辦公室(2015年10月27日)。蔡英文亞太生技醫藥研發產業中心政策發表記者會致詞全文。2016年5月30日,取自http:// iing.tw/posts/224
大前研一(1982/1993)。The Mind of Strategist。黃宏義(譯)。策略家的智慧。台北:長河出版社。
司徒達賢(2016)。策略管理新論:觀念架構與分析方法(三版)。台北:智勝文化事業。
朱延智(2002)。企業危機管理。台北:五南圖書。
自由時報綜合報導(2014年3月3日)胖達人走入歷史,8家關門8家換老闆。自由時報。2016年6月4日,取自http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/ breakingnews/960498
何雍慶(1990)。實用行銷管理。台北:華泰書局。
吳宜蓁(2005)。危機傳播-公共關係與語藝觀點的理論與實證。台北:五南圖書。
李孟訓、劉冠男、丁神梅與林俞君(2007)。我國生物科技產業關鍵成功因素之研究。東吳經濟商學學報,56。
林佩萱(2015年10月29日)。專題講座七:從產業轉型看臺灣策略性產業發展。六大產業轉型方向改善台灣四困境。2016年5月30日,取自http://www. gvm.com.tw/webonly_content_6769.html
林坤輝(2013)。新創骨科醫療器材公司的競爭策略分析與建議。國立台灣大學管理學院碩士在職專班商學組碩士論文。
林怡廷(2016年3月1日)。浩鼎事件後台灣該領悟三件事。天下雜誌。2016年6月5日,取自:http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5074820
邱志聖(2014)。策略行銷分析:架構與實務應用(四版)。台北:智勝文化事業。
侯良儒(2016年2月22日)。浩鼎新藥解盲未過市場譁然。蘋果日報。2016年6月5日,取自:http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/finance/ 20160222/37074398/
施春美(2013年8月27日)不限購買日,胖達人今起退費。蘋果日報。2016年6月4日,取自http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/ 20130827/35249863/
陳文欽、溫源鳳、蘇育敏(2004)。從資源基礎理論探討醫療產業經營關鍵成功因素--策略矩陣分析法之應用。遠東學報,21(3),501-510。
黃丙喜、馮志能、劉遠忠(2009)。動態危機管理。台北:商周出版。
經濟部工業局(2015)。2015生技產業白皮書。臺北:中華民國經濟部工業局。
劉祥熹、李顯章(2002)。臺灣地區醫療儀器業發展競爭優勢之分析--對關鍵成功因素之檢視與確認。經濟情勢暨評論,7(4),222-253。
鄧麗萍(2012)。整形大亨入主胖達人變生技金雞。商業週刊,1302,66-70。
隴澤正雄(1996/1999)。企業危機管理。徐漢章(譯)。企業危機管理:組織邁向安全經營的法則。台北:高寶書版集團。

英文參考文獻
Aaker, D. A. (1985). Strategic Market Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Abbott Point of Care Inc. (2015). Cartridge and Test Information. Princeton, NJ: Author.
Abelson, R. & Creswell, J. (2015, December 19). The New York Times. Theranos Founder Faces a Test of Technology, and Reputation. Retrieved December 22, 2015 from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/20/business/theranos-founder- faces-a-test-of-technology-and-reputation.html
AdvaMedDx. (2011, June). A Policy Primer on Diagnostics. Retrieved February 20, 2016 from http://advameddx.org/
Allen, D. (2016, February). Healthcare market dynamics & Success Factors in Retail Health. Paper presented at the meeting of Oregon Healthcare Financial Management Association Winter Meeting 2016, Gleneden Beach, OR.
Ansoff, H. I. (1965). Corporate strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ansoff, H. I. (1984). Implanting Strategic Management. UK: Prentice Hall International LTD.
Auletta, K. (2014, December 15). The New Yorker. Blood, Simpler. Retrieved November 27, 2015 form http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/12/15/ blood-simpler
Austin, S., Canipe, C. & Slobin, S. (2015, February 18). The Wall Street Journal. The Billion Dollar Startup Club. Retrieved October 28, 2015 from http:// graphics.wsj.com/billion-dollar-club/
Barnard, C.I. (1948). Organization and Management: Selected Papers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Booth, S. A. (1993). Crisis management strategy: Competition and change in modern enterprises. London; New York: Routledge.
Beck, M. & Martin, T. W. (2014, Feburary 24). The Wall Street Journal. Pediatrics Group Balks at Rise of Retail Health Clinics .Retrieved June 14, 2016 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304834704579400962328393876
Buchanan, B. (2016a, April 7). Theranos Announces Leading Medical and Laboratory Experts Join Scientific and Medical Advisory Board [Press Release]. Retrieved April 10, 2016 from https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-announ ces-leading-medical-and-laboratory-experts-join-scientific-and-medical-advisory-board
Buchanan, B. (2016b, March 31). Theranos Statement on CMS 2567 Report [Press Release]. Retrieved April 10, 2016 from https://www.theranos.com/news/ posts/theranos-statement-on-cms-2567-report
Buchanan, B. (2016c, May 11). Theranos Announces Expansion of Board of Directors and New Organizational Structure [Press Release]. Retrieved May 16, 2016 from https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-announces- expansion-of-board-of-directors-and-new-organizational-structure
Buhr, S. (2015, December 26). Tech Church. Theranos Wellness Centers Aren’t Using “Nanotainers” At This Time. Retrieved January 2, 2016 from http://tech crunch.com/2015/12/26/theranos-wellness-centers-arent-using-nanotainers-at-this-time/#.y3mcm7r:54CY
Carreyrou, J. (2015a, October 16). The Wall Street Journal. Hot Startup Theranos Has Struggled With Its Blood-Test Technology. Retrieved October 23, 2015 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901
Carreyrou, J. (2015b, October 16). The Wall Street Journal. Hot Startup Theranos Dials Back Lab Tests at FDA’s Behest. Retrieved October 25, 2015 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/hot-startup-theranos-dials-back-lab-tests-at-fdas-behest-1444961864
Carreyrou, J. (2015c, November 10). The Wall Street Journal. Safeway Theranos Split After $350 Million Deal Fizzles. Retrieved November 15, 2015 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/safeway-theranos-split-after-350-million-deal-fizzles-1447205796
Carreyrou, J., Weaver, C. & SiconolfiI, M. (2016, January 24). The Wall Street Journal. Deficiencies Found at Theranos Lab. Retrieved March 22, 2016 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/problems-found-at-theranos-lab-1453684743
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2016, January). Laboratories By Facility Type Under CLIA. Retrieved March 10, 2016 from https://www.cms.gov/ Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/CLIA_Statistical_Tables_Graphs.html
Commons, J. R. (1934). Institutional Economics. New York: The Mamillan Company.
Chandler, A. D. Jr. (1962). Strategy and Structure. Cambridge, Mass: M. I. T. Press.
Chen, C. (2015, May 7). Bloomberg Business. Silicon Valley`s Blood-Testing Startup Hires Clinton Adviser. Retrieved November 27, 2015 form http://www. bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-07/silicon-valley-s-blood-testing-startup-hires-a-clinton-adviser
Daniel D. W. (1961). Management information crisis. Havard Business Review, 39(5): 111-121.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited. (2015). 2016 Global life sciences outlook. New York: Author.
Diamond, D. (2015, December 3). Forbes. Surprise: Theranos CEO Says Company Is Doing More Tests Than Ever. Retrieved December 20, 2015 from http://www.forbes.com/sites/dandiamond/2015/12/03/surprise-elizabeth-holmes-says-theranos-is-seeing-its-highest-volumes-ever/
Diaz, A. (2014, July 17). Advertising Age. Former TBWA Creative Exec O`Neill Named Chief Creative Officer at Startup Theranos. Retrieved December 27, 2015 from http://adage.com/article/agency-news/tbwa-chiat-day-patrick-o- neill-cco-theranos/294167/
Drucker, P. F. (1954). Practice of management. New York: Harper.
Ducey, J. (2016, February 24). Why pay $40 more for the same lab test? Comparing lab prices to save you money. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from http://www. abc15.com/news/let-joe-know/why-pay-40-more-for-the-same-lab-test-comparing-lab-prices-to-save-you-money
Duhaime-Ross, A. (2016, May 26). The Verge. Theranos hit with second class action lawsuit, one day after the first. Retrieved July 25, 2016 from http://www. theverge.com/2016//26/11787884/theranos-second-class-action-lawsuit-casey-jones
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (2014). Roche Diagnostic Business Insight. Basel, Switzerland: Author.
Fink, S. (1986). Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable. New York, NY: American Management Association.
Future Market Insights. (2016, February). Laboratory Information Systems (LIS) Market: Driven by Increasing per capita spending in healthcare and adoption of advance healthcare solution: Global Industry Analysis and Opportunity Assessment 2015 - 2025. Retrieved March 25, 2016 from http://www. futuremarketinsights.com/reports/laboratory-information-systems-market
Genalyte, Inc. (2015, August 18). Genalyte Announces $44 Million Financing [Press Release]. Retrieved June 14, 2016 from http://www.genalyte.com/press- releases/
Glueck, W. F. (1976). Business Policy: Strategy Formulation and Management Action, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill..
Gross, B. (2015, June). The single biggest reason why startups succeed. Retrieved May 28, 2016 from https://www.ted.com/talks/bill_gross_the_single_biggest_ reason_why_startups_succeed/transcript
Gonzalez-Herrero, A. & Pratt, C. B. (1995). How to manage a crisis before-or-whatever-it hits. Public Relations Quarterly, 40(1), 25-29.
Hackett , R. (2015, October 27). Fortune.Here`s what the FDA found inside Theranos` lab. Retrieved December 19, 2015 form http://fortune.com/2015/10/27/fda- theranos-lab-inspection-findings/
Hayes, R. E. (1985). Corporate crisis management as adaptive control. In S. J. Andriole (Ed.), Corporate crisis management (pp.21-37). Princeton, N.J.: Petrocelli Books.
Hermann, C. F. (1969). Some Consequences of crisis which limit the viability of organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 8, 61-82.
Herper, M. (2016, June 1). Forbes. From $4.5 Billion To Nothing: Forbes Revises Estimated Net Worth Of Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes. Retrieved June 4, 2016 form http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/06/01/from-4- 5-billion-to-nothing-forbes-revises-estimated-net-worth-of-theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes/#77810f912f29
Hofer, C. W. & Shendel, D. (1978). Strategic Management and Business Policy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Holmes, E. (2015, July 5). Freedom to get lab tests ushers in better health care. Retrieved January 1, 2016 form http://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/ op-ed/2015/07/05/arizona-lab-tests-law/2964
IBISWorld. (2016). IBIS – 62151 Diagnostic & Medical Laboratories in the US Industry Report. Retrieved February 20, 2016 from http://www.ibisworld.com /industry/default.aspx?indid=1575
International Finance Corporation. (2011). Guide for Investors in Private Health Care in Emerging Markets. Washington, DC: Author.
Kotler, P. (1976). Marketing Management, Analysis, Planning and Controls. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings. (2015). LabCorp 2014 Annual Report. Burlington, NC: Author.
Leidecker, J. K. & Bruno, A. V. (1984). Identifying and Using Critical Success Factors. Long Range Planning, 17(1): 23-32.
Lerbinger, O. (1997). The crisis manager: Facing risk and responsibility. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Markets and Markets. (2014, October). Laboratory Information Systems (LIS) Market worth $1,806.1 Million by 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2016 from http:// www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/laboratory-information-system.asp
Markets and Markets. (2015, July). In Vitro Diagnostics (IVD) Market by Product (instruments, Reagents, Software, Service) Technology (Immunoassay, Clinical Chemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Hematology) by Application (Diabetes, Cancer, Cardiology, Autoimmune Diseases) - Forecast to 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/ ivd-in-vitro- diagnostics- market-703.html
McCann, C. (2015, November 6). Scaling Theranos with Elizabeth Holmes  —  Class 14 Notes of Stanford University’s CS183C. Retrieved December 7, 2015 form https://medium.com/notes-essays-cs183c-technology-enabled-blitzscalin/scaling-theranos-with-elizabeth-holmes-class-14-notes-of-stanford-university-s-cs183c-f2029b7c21a0#.ddiw0aiiq
McMurtry, C. M., Noel, M., Taddio, A., Antony, M. M., Asmundson, G. J., Riddell, R. P., Chambers, C. T., Shah, V. & HELPinKids&Adults Team. (2015). Interventions for individuals with high levels of needle fear: systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials. The Clinical journal of pain, 31, S109-S123.
Mitroff, I. I., & Pauchant, T. C. (1992). Transforming the crisis-prone organization: Preventing individual, organizational, and environmental tragedies. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Mitroff, I. I., & Pearson, C. M. (1993). Crisis management: A diagnostic guide for improving your organization`s crisis-preparedness. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Munro, D. (2015, July 13). Forbes. An Inside Look At The Theranos Direct-To-Consumer Experience. Retrieved November 20, 2015 from http://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2015/07/13/an-inside-look-at-the-theranos-direct-to-consumer-experience/
Nudell, M., & Antokol, N. (1988). The handbook for effective emergency and crisis management. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
Oreskovic, A. (2016, April 18). Business Insider. Theranos is now facing a criminal investigation. Retrieved April 22, 2016 from http://www.businessinsider.com/ theranos-is-under-investigation-by-the-sec-and-the-us-attorneys-office-2016-4
Parloff, R. (2014a, June 12). Fortune. This CEO is out of blood. Retrieved November 25, 2015 form http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-blood-holmes/
Parloff, R. (2014b, June 12). Fortune. A singular board at Theranos. Retrieved December 19, 2015 form http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-board- directors/
Pearson, C. M., & Clair, J. A. (1998). Reframing crisis management. Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 59-76.
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. New York: Springer.
Polzin, M. (2016, June 12). Walgreens Terminates Relationship with Theranos; Will Be Closing Operations at All 40 Theranos Wellness Centers in Arizona [Press Release]. Retrieved June 13, 2016 form http://news.walgreens.com/press- releases/general-news/walgreens-terminates-relationship-with-theranos-will-be-closing-operations-at-all-40-theranos-wellness-centers-in-arizona.htm
Porter, M. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York: The Free Press.
Quest Diagnostics Inc. (2016). Quest Diagnostics 2015 Annual Report On Form 10-k. Madison, NJ: Author.
Ramsey, L. (2016, January 27). Business Insider. Theranos is putting people`s health at risk, US government says. Retrieved March 22, 2016 from http://www. businessinsider.com/theranos-lab-problems-medicare-report-2016-1
Robinson, M. (2015, October 21). Tech insider. Here`s what it`s really like to get blood drawn at Theranos. Retrieved October 30, 2015 from http://www.techinsider.io /i-tried-theranos-2015-10
Rockart, J. F. (1979). Chief executives define their own data needs. Harvard Business Review, 57(2): 137-145.
Seeger, M. W., & Ulmer, R. R. (2001). Virtuous responses to organizational crisis: Aaron Feuerstein and Milt Cole. Journal of Business Ethics, 31(4), 369-376.
Shane, S. A. (2005). Finding Fertile Ground: Identifying Extraordinary Opportunities for New Ventures. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing.
Sharon M. O. (1994). Modern Competitive Analysis. New York: Oxford.
Shuren, J., & Conway, P. H. (2015, April 16). FDA and CMS Form Task Force on LDT Quality Requirements. Retrieved April 2, 2016 from http://blogs.fda.gov/ fdavoice/index.php/2015/04/fda-and-cms-form-task-force-on-ldt-quality-requirements/
Siconolfi, M., Carreyrou, J. & Weaver, C. (2015, October 23). The Wall Street Journal. Walgreens Scrutinizes Theranos Testing. Retrieved October 27, 2015 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/walgreens-scrutinizes-theranos-testing-1445644015
Sonora Quest Laboratories. (2015, November 23). Sonora Quest Laboratories Offers Convenient Laboratory Services to Arizona Consumers in Select Safeway Locations [Press Release]. Retrieved December 30, 2015 from http://www. sonoraquest.com/news/2015/sonora-quest-laboratories-offers-convenient-laboratory-services-to-arizona-consumers-in-select-safeway-locations/
Statista GmbH. (2016a). Revenue of diagnostic & medical laboratories (NAICS 62151) in the United States from 2009 to 2014 (in billion U.S. dollars). Retrieved February 25, 2016 from http://www.statista.com/statistics/296827/revenue-diag nostic-and-medical-laboratories-in-the-us/
Statista GmbH. (2016b). Global top 10 companies based on in vitro diagnostics market share in 2014 and 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from http:// www.statista.com/statistics/331722/top-global-medtech-companies-by-in-vitro-diagnostics-market-share/
Stocker, K. P. (1997). A strategic approach to crisis management. In C. L. Caywood (Ed.), The handbook of strategic public relations & integrated communications (pp.189-203). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tenenbaum, D. (2014, April 14). Simple sample: Federal grant advances pain-free blood tests from UW startup [Press Release]. Retrieved June 14, 2016 from http://news.wisc.edu/simple-sample-federal-grant-advances-pain-free-blood-tests-from-uw-startup/
The Medicare Learning Network. (2015). Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and Medicare Laboratory Services. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Theranos, Inc. (2015, October 16). Statement from Theranos [Press Release]. Retrieved October 25, 2015 from https://theranos.com/news/posts/statement- from-theranos-2
Transparency Market Research. (2013). Clinical Laboratory Services Market (Clinical Chemistry, Medical Microbiology & Cytology, Human & Tumor Genetics and Other Esoteric Tests) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2013 - 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2016 from http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/clinical-laboratory-services-market.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015a). Laboratory Developed Tests. Retrieved April 2, 2016 from http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedical Procedures/InVitroDiagnostics/ucm407296.htm
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015b). How to Study and Market Your Device. Retrieved April 3, 2016 from http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Device RegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/default.htm
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015c). Inspectional Observations (Form FDA 483). Retrieved November 18, 2015 from http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/ fdagov-public/@fdagov-afda-orgs/documents/document/ucm469395.pdf
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015d). Inspectional Observations (Form FDA 483). Retrieved November 18, 2015 from http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups /fdagov-public/@fdagov-afda-orgs/documents/document/ucm469396.pdf
United States Census Bureau. (2016, January 27). 2013 County Business Patterns. Retrieved February 25, 2016 from http://www.census. gov/con/ cbp/index.html
VC Experts.com, Inc. (2015). Company Intelligence Report: Theranos Inc. Shreveport, LA: Author.
Vroom , L. (2015, June 23). Theranos to Begin Global Work in Mexico [Press Release]. Retrieved November 20, 2015 from https://www.theranos.com/ news/posts/theranos-to-begin-global-work-in-mexico
Walgreens. (2013, April 04). Take Care Clinics Expand Scope of Health Care Services to Include Chronic Condition Management and Additional Preventive Health Offerings [Press Release]. Retrieved May 1, 2016 from http://news. walgreens.com/press-releases/general-news/take-care-clinics-expand-scope-of-health-care-services-to-include-chronic-condition-management-and-additional-preventive-health-offerings.htm
zh_TW