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題名 經濟.教育發展.政治民主與所得分配暨國家發展指標之探索
作者 王保進
貢獻者 馬信行
王保進
日期 1989
上傳時間 6-十二月-2016 19:03:41 (UTC+8)
摘要 論文提要
本研究旨在探討經濟發展、教育發展、政治民主與所得分配間之關係，並分析如何編製一個適當的國家發展綜合指標，以及我國國家整體發展在國際上地位為何。
本研究以聯合國、世界銀行、國際勞工組織、及美國海外開發協會等組識之統計年鑑上各項資料較齊全、且人口超過一百萬的國家為研究對象，共得有效樣本92個國家。在研究方法上，以變異數分析及多元廻歸分析探討經濟、教育發展、政治民主與所得分配間之關係，並以共變數結構分析（LISREL）探討其因果關係。在國家發展的研究上，以集群分析與區別分析為方法，並用主成份分析建構一個國家發展綜合指標。
玆將主要研究結果臚列於下：
(一)整體而言，經濟發展有利於所得分配均等；即經濟愈發展，所得分配愈均等。
(二)教育發展無論是數量的擴充或品質的提升，均有利於所得分配之均等。
(三)政治民主之發展雖不影響所得分配，但因政治民主程度的不同，所得分配會有顯著差異。
(四)經濟發展、教育發展、政治民主與所得分配間之因果關係，在本研究中，並未能獲得完全證實。
(五) Kuznets提出經濟發展與所得分配為一倒「U」型曲綫之假設，在本研究中並未獲得支持。研究結果發現，二者間呈現負的綫型關係
(六)有關國家發展之研究，全部92個國家，共可分成先進國家（17個）、半先進國家（20個）、部分開發國家（25個）、與欠開發國家（30個）等四種不同國家發展類型。
(七)我國之國家發展，在全部92個國家中，屬於半先進國家，名列第28位。
(八)整體而言，本研究所建構之國家綜合指標，能有效區別不同的國家發展型態，確是一個客觀與精確的指標。
最後，根據研究結果，本研究提出對遏止所得分配惡化之對策，以及我國國家發展短期與長期計劃之具體建議，並對未來之研究方向提出建議。
第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機與目的1
第二節 研究問題與架構5
第三節 研究限制7
第四節 重要名詞詮釋7
第二章 文獻探討11
第一節 所得分配之測量11
第二節 經濟發展與所得分配19
第三節 教育發展與所得分配29
第四節 政治民主與所得分配37
第五節 因果模式之建立46
第六節 國家發展指標49
第三章 研究設計55
第一節 研究假設55
第二節 研究對象55
第三節 統計處理56
第四章 研究結果59
第一節 所得分配之橫斷面國際比較59
第二節 因果模式之探討81
第三節 國家發展指標之編製87
第五章 結論與建議105
第一節 結論與討論105
第二節 建議109
參考書目113
附錄A 113
圖表目錄
【 表錄 】
表 1 經濟發展與所得分配關係之研究22
表 2 教育發展與所得分配關係之研究32
表 3 政治民主衡量指標39
表 4 不同政治民主指標間之相關矩陣41
表 5 政治民主與所得分配關係之研究44
表 6 不同經濟發展國家在所得不均Gini係數上之變異數分析摘要表59
表 7 表6之事後比較摘要表60
表 8 不同教育發展國家在所得不均Gini係數上之變異數分析摘要表60
表 9 表8之事後比較摘要表61
表 10 不同政治民主國家在所得不均Gini係數上之變異數分析摘要表62
表 11 表10之事後比較摘要表62
表 12 每人平均生產毛額（GNP）對所得不均Gini係數之廻歸分析63
表 13 經濟發展指數對Gini係數之廻歸分析64
表 14 經濟發展、教育發展、政治民主與Gini係數之相關矩陣66
表 15 經濟發展、教育發展、政治民主對Gini係數之多元廻歸分析67
表 16 自變項綫性重合之檢定68
表 17 樣本依序刪除後之廻歸分析68
表 18 殘差界外值之檢定74
表 19 界外值刪除後之廻歸分析75
表 20 所有可能廻歸分析結果77
表 21 逐步多元廻歸分析結果78
表 22 主成份廻歸分析結果79
表 23 因果模式中各可觀察變項之相關係數83
表 24 因果模式參數估計結果85
表 25 因果模式各變項之修正指標87
表 26 集群分析分類結果與國家發展指標87
表 27 四類集群在國家發展指標上之平均數與標準差94
表 28 我國與先進、半先進國家在各項指標之比較96
表 29 三個典型區別方程之特徵值及係數98
表 30 我國與四種不同發展國家在區別方程上之得分98
表 31 六個區別指標在三個區別方程之結構負荷量矩陣99
表 32 區別分析分類方程係數101
表 33 集群分析重新分類結果102
表 34 國家發展綜合指標之主成份權數103
【 圖錄 】
圖 1 本研究之研究架構6
圖 2 Lorenz曲綫圖15
圖 3 Kuznets曲綫20
圖 4 15個國家最窮 40%人口之所得分配28
圖 5 教育、經濟、政治與社會均等因果關係47
圖 6 經濟、教育發展、政治民主與所得分配間之因果關係徑路圖48
圖 7 每人平均生產毛額與Gini係數交叉分佈圖63
圖 8 經濟發展指數（EDI）與Gini係數交叉分佈圖65
圖 9 殘差值與預測值交叉分佈圖74
圖 10 刪除界外值後殘差值與預測值交叉分佈圖76
圖 11 殘差值常態機率分佈圖79
圖 12 殘差值與預測值交叉分佈圖80
圖 13 LISREL因果模式徑路圖82
圖 14 正規化殘差分佈圖86
圖 15 集群分析樹狀圖93
圖 16 四種不同發展國家在平面座標上之領域圖100
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關聯 國立政治大學
教育研究所
碩士
77
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 馬信行
dc.contributor.author (作者) 王保進
dc.creator (作者) 王保進zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1989
dc.date.accessioned 6-十二月-2016 19:03:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 6-十二月-2016 19:03:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 6-十二月-2016 19:03:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/104616-
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文提要
本研究旨在探討經濟發展、教育發展、政治民主與所得分配間之關係，並分析如何編製一個適當的國家發展綜合指標，以及我國國家整體發展在國際上地位為何。
本研究以聯合國、世界銀行、國際勞工組織、及美國海外開發協會等組識之統計年鑑上各項資料較齊全、且人口超過一百萬的國家為研究對象，共得有效樣本92個國家。在研究方法上，以變異數分析及多元廻歸分析探討經濟、教育發展、政治民主與所得分配間之關係，並以共變數結構分析（LISREL）探討其因果關係。在國家發展的研究上，以集群分析與區別分析為方法，並用主成份分析建構一個國家發展綜合指標。
玆將主要研究結果臚列於下：
(一)整體而言，經濟發展有利於所得分配均等；即經濟愈發展，所得分配愈均等。
(二)教育發展無論是數量的擴充或品質的提升，均有利於所得分配之均等。
(三)政治民主之發展雖不影響所得分配，但因政治民主程度的不同，所得分配會有顯著差異。
(四)經濟發展、教育發展、政治民主與所得分配間之因果關係，在本研究中，並未能獲得完全證實。
(五) Kuznets提出經濟發展與所得分配為一倒「U」型曲綫之假設，在本研究中並未獲得支持。研究結果發現，二者間呈現負的綫型關係
(六)有關國家發展之研究，全部92個國家，共可分成先進國家（17個）、半先進國家（20個）、部分開發國家（25個）、與欠開發國家（30個）等四種不同國家發展類型。
(七)我國之國家發展，在全部92個國家中，屬於半先進國家，名列第28位。
(八)整體而言，本研究所建構之國家綜合指標，能有效區別不同的國家發展型態，確是一個客觀與精確的指標。
最後，根據研究結果，本研究提出對遏止所得分配惡化之對策，以及我國國家發展短期與長期計劃之具體建議，並對未來之研究方向提出建議。
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機與目的1
第二節 研究問題與架構5
第三節 研究限制7
第四節 重要名詞詮釋7
第二章 文獻探討11
第一節 所得分配之測量11
第二節 經濟發展與所得分配19
第三節 教育發展與所得分配29
第四節 政治民主與所得分配37
第五節 因果模式之建立46
第六節 國家發展指標49
第三章 研究設計55
第一節 研究假設55
第二節 研究對象55
第三節 統計處理56
第四章 研究結果59
第一節 所得分配之橫斷面國際比較59
第二節 因果模式之探討81
第三節 國家發展指標之編製87
第五章 結論與建議105
第一節 結論與討論105
第二節 建議109
參考書目113
附錄A 113
圖表目錄
【 表錄 】
表 1 經濟發展與所得分配關係之研究22
表 2 教育發展與所得分配關係之研究32
表 3 政治民主衡量指標39
表 4 不同政治民主指標間之相關矩陣41
表 5 政治民主與所得分配關係之研究44
表 6 不同經濟發展國家在所得不均Gini係數上之變異數分析摘要表59
表 7 表6之事後比較摘要表60
表 8 不同教育發展國家在所得不均Gini係數上之變異數分析摘要表60
表 9 表8之事後比較摘要表61
表 10 不同政治民主國家在所得不均Gini係數上之變異數分析摘要表62
表 11 表10之事後比較摘要表62
表 12 每人平均生產毛額（GNP）對所得不均Gini係數之廻歸分析63
表 13 經濟發展指數對Gini係數之廻歸分析64
表 14 經濟發展、教育發展、政治民主與Gini係數之相關矩陣66
表 15 經濟發展、教育發展、政治民主對Gini係數之多元廻歸分析67
表 16 自變項綫性重合之檢定68
表 17 樣本依序刪除後之廻歸分析68
表 18 殘差界外值之檢定74
表 19 界外值刪除後之廻歸分析75
表 20 所有可能廻歸分析結果77
表 21 逐步多元廻歸分析結果78
表 22 主成份廻歸分析結果79
表 23 因果模式中各可觀察變項之相關係數83
表 24 因果模式參數估計結果85
表 25 因果模式各變項之修正指標87
表 26 集群分析分類結果與國家發展指標87
表 27 四類集群在國家發展指標上之平均數與標準差94
表 28 我國與先進、半先進國家在各項指標之比較96
表 29 三個典型區別方程之特徵值及係數98
表 30 我國與四種不同發展國家在區別方程上之得分98
表 31 六個區別指標在三個區別方程之結構負荷量矩陣99
表 32 區別分析分類方程係數101
表 33 集群分析重新分類結果102
表 34 國家發展綜合指標之主成份權數103
【 圖錄 】
圖 1 本研究之研究架構6
圖 2 Lorenz曲綫圖15
圖 3 Kuznets曲綫20
圖 4 15個國家最窮 40%人口之所得分配28
圖 5 教育、經濟、政治與社會均等因果關係47
圖 6 經濟、教育發展、政治民主與所得分配間之因果關係徑路圖48
圖 7 每人平均生產毛額與Gini係數交叉分佈圖63
圖 8 經濟發展指數（EDI）與Gini係數交叉分佈圖65
圖 9 殘差值與預測值交叉分佈圖74
圖 10 刪除界外值後殘差值與預測值交叉分佈圖76
圖 11 殘差值常態機率分佈圖79
圖 12 殘差值與預測值交叉分佈圖80
圖 13 LISREL因果模式徑路圖82
圖 14 正規化殘差分佈圖86
圖 15 集群分析樹狀圖93
圖 16 四種不同發展國家在平面座標上之領域圖100
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dc.relation (關聯) 國立政治大學
dc.relation (關聯) 教育研究所
dc.relation (關聯) 碩士
dc.relation (關聯) 77
dc.title (題名) 經濟.教育發展.政治民主與所得分配暨國家發展指標之探索zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesis
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