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題名 聯合國對北韓之制裁:核武發展、導彈發射與人權狀況
UN sanctions on North Korea:cases of nuclear projects, missile launch, and human rights during 2006-2016
作者 曾敏禎
貢獻者 李明
曾敏禎
關鍵詞 聯合國安理會
決議
制裁
成效
日期 2017
上傳時間 1-三月-2017 17:33:40 (UTC+8)
摘要 聯合國安理會分別在二○○六年、二○○九年、二○一三年和二○一六年時,對北韓進行七次制裁,但北韓不僅沒有放棄核試驗,更進一步研發氫彈和數次的衛星發射。聯合國目前已經針對北韓採取被指為最嚴厲的第2321號決議,惟制裁顯然不足以令北韓停手,究其原因,聯合國對北韓的制裁與對伊朗的只是換湯不換藥,然而伊朗與北韓存在著政體性以及對地區政治影響力的差別,讓安理會以往制裁對北韓僅發揮微小影響力。另外,國際社會在制裁北韓的立場上不一致,包括美國希望北韓一直存在各種問題,好讓其軍隊在地區保持活躍;中國擔憂制裁導致北韓垮台,甚至朝鮮半島趁勢統一,讓美國影響力更逼近中國,故採「陽奉陰違」態度,好保障自身利益;日本和南韓則希望北韓政權更迭;而俄羅斯不願攙和進此事,而打出「遠東大開發」的經濟牌,均是造成制裁失去效力的原因之一。在川普政府的北韓政策正式出爐以前,北韓會採取觀望態度,但是也有可能為最大限度地增強其核能力,使核擁有國的地位得到認可而發起戰略性挑釁。北韓的挑釁威脅與美國的應對以及美中兩國間的隔閡與衝突,將進一步加劇韓半島緊張局勢。
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
100926005
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100926005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 曾敏禎zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 曾敏禎zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-三月-2017 17:33:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-三月-2017 17:33:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-三月-2017 17:33:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0100926005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/106983-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100926005zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 聯合國安理會分別在二○○六年、二○○九年、二○一三年和二○一六年時,對北韓進行七次制裁,但北韓不僅沒有放棄核試驗,更進一步研發氫彈和數次的衛星發射。聯合國目前已經針對北韓採取被指為最嚴厲的第2321號決議,惟制裁顯然不足以令北韓停手,究其原因,聯合國對北韓的制裁與對伊朗的只是換湯不換藥,然而伊朗與北韓存在著政體性以及對地區政治影響力的差別,讓安理會以往制裁對北韓僅發揮微小影響力。另外,國際社會在制裁北韓的立場上不一致,包括美國希望北韓一直存在各種問題,好讓其軍隊在地區保持活躍;中國擔憂制裁導致北韓垮台,甚至朝鮮半島趁勢統一,讓美國影響力更逼近中國,故採「陽奉陰違」態度,好保障自身利益;日本和南韓則希望北韓政權更迭;而俄羅斯不願攙和進此事,而打出「遠東大開發」的經濟牌,均是造成制裁失去效力的原因之一。在川普政府的北韓政策正式出爐以前,北韓會採取觀望態度,但是也有可能為最大限度地增強其核能力,使核擁有國的地位得到認可而發起戰略性挑釁。北韓的挑釁威脅與美國的應對以及美中兩國間的隔閡與衝突,將進一步加劇韓半島緊張局勢。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1 Introduction 1
     1.1 Research Background and Objectives 1
     1.1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1
     1.1.2 Research Questions 6
     1.2 Literature Review 8
     1.3 Research Approaches and Method 30
     1.3.1 Research Approaches 30
     1.3.2 Research Method 36
     1.4 Research Refrain 38
     1.5 Chapters Structure 40
     Chapter 2 The UN’s Sanctions on North Korean Nuclear Weapons Development 41
     2.1 The Background and Development of North Korean Nuclear Weapons 41
     2.2 The Policy and Regime of the NPT and North Korea 46
     2.3 The UN’s Sanctions and North Korean Reactions 52
     2.3.1 Resolution 1718 52
     2.3.2 Resolution 1874 56
     2.3.3 Resolution 2094 60
     2.3.4 Resolution 2270 65
     2.3.5 Resolution 2321 70
     Chapter 3 The UN’s Sanctions on North Korean Ballistic Missile Launches 75
     3.1 North Korean Ballistic Missile Launches 75
     3.2 The MTCR and North Korea 82
     3.3 The UN’s Sanctions and North Korean Reactions 84
     3.3.1 Resolution 1695 84
     3.3.2 Resolution 2087 86
     Chapter 4 The UN’s Sanctions on North Korean Human Rights Violations 91
     4.1 Human Rights and the UNSC 91
     4.2 North Korea’s Concept of Human Rights 93
     4.3 Human Rights Abuses under the Control of Kim Jong-un 96
     4.4 The UN Human Rights Mechanisms and DPRK’s Response 102
     Chapter 5 The Effectiveness of the UN’s Sanctions on North Korea 110
     5.1 The Evaluation of Functions and Effectiveness of the UN 110
     5.2 The Impact of the UN Sanctions on North Korea 126
     5.3 The Comparison: Iran and North Korea 138
     Chapter 6 Conclusion 146
     6.1 Sanctions on North Korea Have Partially Failed 146
     6.2 Though New Sanctions, Old Dilemmas Remain 148
     6.3 Motives of the Six-Party Talks Consecutively Deadlocked 151
     6.4 Unite International Cooperation and Enforcement Needed 152
     Reference ……………………………………………………………………………..155
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100926005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聯合國安理會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 決議zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 制裁zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 成效zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 聯合國對北韓之制裁:核武發展、導彈發射與人權狀況zh_TW
dc.title (題名) UN sanctions on North Korea:cases of nuclear projects, missile launch, and human rights during 2006-2016en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) UN Security Council Resolution
     Security Council Resolution 825, U.N. Doc. S/RES/825 (May 11, 1993).
     Security Council Resolution 1695, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1695 (July 15, 2006).
     Security Council Resolution 1718, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1718 (October 14, 2006).
     Security Council Resolution 1874, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1874 (June 12, 2009).
     Security Council Resolution 2087, U.N. Doc. S/RES/2087 (January 22, 2013).
     Security Council Resolution 2094, U.N. Doc. S/RES/2094 (March 7, 2013).
     Security Council Resolution 2270, U.N. Doc. S/RES/2270 (March 2, 2016).
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     United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. “Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT),” in United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, http://www.un.org/disarmament/WMD/Nuclear/NPT.shtml (accessed January 30, 2016).
     
     United Nations. “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” in United Nations, http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ (accessed January 30, 2016).
     
     UN News Centre. 2009. “Tougher UN sanctions on DPR Korea send ‘clear and strong’ message – Ban,” in UN News Centre, June 12, http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=31133&Cr=dprk&Cr1=&Kw1=#.Vp4Fqfl94gs (accessed June 20, 2016)
     
     UN News Centre. 2014. “UN-mandated human rights inquiry on DPR Korea documents ‘widespread, systematic abuses’”, in UN News Centre, February 17, http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47160#.VrGtmbJ94gs (accessed April 5, 2016)
     
     UN News Centre. 2015. “New UN office opens in Seoul to monitor human rights issues in DPR Korea,” in UN News Centre, June 23, http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51223 (accessed August 20, 2016)
     
     U.S. Department of State. 2009. “Press Availability with Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Ali Aboul Gheit,” U.S. Department of State, May 27, http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2009a/05/124009.htm (accessed June 20, 2016)
     
     Wachtel, Jonathan. 2016. “Russia delaying vote on US-drafted Security Council resolution against North Korea,” in FoxNews, February 29, http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/special-report-bret-baier/blog/2016/02/29/russia-delaying-vote-us-drafted-security-council-resolution-against-north-korea (accessed June 20, 2016)
     
     The Wall Street Journal. 2016. “North Korea’s Sanctions Loophole,” in The Wall Street Journal, February 28, http://www.wsj.com/articles/north-koreas-sanctions-loophole-1456697024 (accessed June 2, 2016)
     
     Wilson Center Organization. 2005. The History Of North Korean Attitudes Toward Nuclear Weapons And Efforts To Acquire Nuclear Capability Documents From The Archive Of The Foreign Ministry Of The Russian Federation And The Hungarian State Archive - Recently Obtained And Translated By The Korea Initiative Of The Cold War International History Project,” in Wilson Center Organization, May 17, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/edossier141.pdf (accessed January 17, 2016).
     
     Yang, Jung A. 2008. “North Korea Has Introduced Amendments to Its Criminal Codes to Save the Regime from Falling Apart,” in The Daily NK, May 13, http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00100&num=3610 (accessed July 7, 2014).
     
     Yonhap News Agency. 2013. “(LEAD) U.N. resolution adds 3 N. Korean arms dealers to sanctions list: draft,” in Yonhap News Agency, March 7, http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2013/03/07/9/0301000000AEN20130307009300315F.HTML (accessed June 20, 2016)
     
     Ziang, Xiaocheng. 2013. “Chinese Reactions to the Three North Korean Nuclear Tests: 2006, 2009, and 2013”, in The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, March 5, http://www.hrnkinsider.org/2013/03/chinese-reactions-to-three-north-korean.html (accessed June 20, 2016)
     
     Workshop Document
     UN Sanctions on North Korea: Prospects and Problems. 2013. In IISS Workshop, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. December 3, 2013.
     
     Research Reports
     Carisch, Enrico, and Loraine Rickard-Martin, “United Nations Sanctions on North Korea and Iran: An Implementation Manual,” International Peace Institute, (March 2014).
     
     Eckert, Sue and Thomas Biersteker, “The Impacts and Effectiveness of UN Nonproliferation Sanctions: A Provisional Report: Iran and North Korea,” International Security Research and Outreach Programme, (April 2012).
     
     Goron, Coraline and Miha Hribernik, “North Korea; Hungry for Change,” European Institute for Asian Studies Briefing Paper, (October 2013).
     
     “Fire on the City Gate: Why China Keeps North Korea Close,” International Crisis Group Asia Report No. 254, (December 2013).
     
     Haggard, Stephan and Marcus Noland. “Sanctioning North Korea: The Political Economy of Denuclearization and Proliferation,” Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper 09-4, (July 2009).
     
     Haggard, Stephan and Marcus Noland. “Repression and Punishment in North Korea: Survey Evidence of Prison Camp Experiences,” East-West Center Working Papers No.20 (October 2009).
     
     Noland, Marcus, “The (Non) Impact of UN Sanctions on North Korea,” Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper 08-12, (December 2008).
     
     Portela, Clara, “The EU’s Use of “Targeted` Sanctions: Evaluating Effectiveness”, Center for European Policy Studies Working Documents No.391, (March 2014).
     
     Wertz, Daniel and Ali Vaez, “Sanctions and nonproliferation in North Korea and Iran: A Comparative Analysis,” Federation of American Scientists Issue Brief, (June 2012).
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