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題名 東協內部難民流動：類型學分析
Intra-ASEAN refugee movements: a typological analysis作者 柳殷日
Yuri, Baral貢獻者 楊昊
Yang, Alan Hao
柳殷日
Yuri, Baral關鍵詞 難民
東盟
運動
流離失所
Refugee
ASEAN
Movement
Displacement日期 2017 上傳時間 1-三月-2017 17:33:41 (UTC+8) 摘要 東南亞難民結構中的東盟成員國的角色長期飽受批評，因為東盟對人道援助承諾的問題。抵達泰國、印尼、馬來西馬的緬甸若開邦的羅辛雅（Rohingya）乘船移民皆被拒絕入境並且送回海上，與70年代東南亞對難民的管理形成明顯的區別，當時離難民最近的目的地在收容和處理印度支那難民方面發揮了顯著且積極作用。部分的東盟國家是“International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”以及“first Optional Protocol”的締約國，多數國家僅遵守1951年“難民公約”的規定，但尚未批准。本文從自由主義和建構主義的角度分析東南亞難民潮的性質。由確定印度支那難民危機（1975-1996 / 7）的東南亞難民高峰的難民經驗直到更現代的難民潮的來分析這個問題。聯合國難民署在這其間的數字與難民主要出口國的歷史知識作為補充基的礎，以確定推拉因素在整個難民高峰期是否相同。筆者認為，從1975年到現在，東盟難民潮的影響因素具有相似性，但也有不同的特點。 此外，當代難民危機是薄弱的區域難民制度的症狀。
The role of ASEAN member states in Southeast Asia’s refugee structure has for long been a subject of criticism, with their commitments to the cause of humanitarian assistance in question. The treatment of Rohingya boat migrants who reached Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia from Myanmar`s Rakhine state, only to be refused and pulled-back to sea, shows a stark difference from Southeast Asia’s management of refugees in the 1970s, which saw recent destination of refugees playing a significantly active role in hosting and processing of Indochinese refugees at the time. While some ASEAN states are party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its first Optional Protocol, a majority merely observes provisions of the 1951 Refugee Convention but have not ratified it. This paper analyzes the nature of Southeast Asia’s refugee flows from the lens of analytical liberalism and constructivism. It approaches the matter by identifying the peaks of Southeast Asia’s refugee experiences from the Indochina refugee crisis (1975-1996/7) to more contemporary refugee flows. Figures from UNHCR on these periods, alongside a working historical knowledge of main refugee exporting countries, serve as supplementary basis to determine whether identified push and pull factors are the same throughout the peak periods. I argue that the ASEAN refugee flows from 1975 to present show similarity in terms of influencing factors, but also have differing characteristics. Furthermore, the contemporary refugee crisis is symptomatic to a weak regional refugee regime.參考文獻 "UNHCR in Bangladesh Accuses Myanmar Troops of Killings, Rape, Arson in Rohingya Communities." (November 24, 2016. Accessed December 12, 2016. http://www.dw.com/en/UNHCR-in-bangladesh-accuses-myanmar-troops-of-killings-rape-arson-in-rohingya-communities/a-36515500."Is This Humanitarian Migration Crisis Different?" Migration Policy Debates (September 2015 2015). Accessed January 2, 2017. https://www.oecd.org/migration/Is-this-refugee-crisis-different.pdf.(UNHCR), UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)UN High Commissioner for Refugees. "UNHCR Global Trends 2014: World at War." Last modified 8 April 2016, Accessed. http://UNHCR.org/556725e69.html.Barron, Sandy M, Masaru Gotu, Helen Kudrich, and Diem Dangers. Between Worlds: Twenty Years on the Border. Burmese Border Consortium, 2004.Betts, Alexander. Comprehensive Plans of Action: Insights from Cirefca and the Indochinese Cpa. UNHCR, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, 2006.Betts, Alexander. Forced Migration and Global Politics. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.Betts, Alexander and Gil Loescher. Refugees in International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2011.Brawley, Mark R. Analytical Liberalism Versus Neo-Classical Realism: Domestic Politics and British Foreign Policy, 1900-1914. APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper, 2009.Canero, Zebadiah. "Timeline: Philippine Laws and Policies on Refugees." Rappler. 20 June 2015. Accessed 29 August 2016, http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/96929-timeline-philippine-law-policies-refugees.Castles, Stephen. "Understanding Global Migration: A Social Transformation Perspective." Journal of ethnic and migration studies 36, no. 10 (2010): 1565-86.Castles, Stephen and Sean Loughna. "Trends in Asylum Migration to Industrialized Countries, 1990–2001." In Poverty, International Migration and Asylum, 39-69: Springer, 2005.Cochrane, Joe. "Indonesia and Malaysia Agree to Care for Stranded Migrants". 2015. Accessed May 20, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/21/world/asia/indonesia-malaysia-rohingya-bangladeshi-migrants-agreement.html.Crawford, Neta. Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention. Vol. 81: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Cutts, Mark. The State of the World`s Refugees, 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press, 2000.Dowty, Alan and Gil Loescher. "Refugee Flows as Grounds for International Action." International Security 21, no. 1 (1996): 43-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2539108.Elson, Robert E. "International Commerce, the State and Society: Economic and Social Change." The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia 2, no. Part I (1992): 127-92.Favell, Adrian, Caroline B Brettell, and James F Hollifield. "Migration Theory: Talking across Disciplines." Migration theory: Talking across disciplines (2008).Foster, Brian L. Ethnicity and Economy: The Case of the Mons in Thailand. University of Michigan., 1972.Foster, Brian L. "Ethnicity and Economy: The Case of the Mons in Thailand." University of Michigan., 1972.Frost, Frank. "Vietnam, Asean and the Indochina Refugee Crisis." Southeast Asian Affairs (1980): 347-67. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27908412.Hollifield, James F. "The Politics of International Migration." Migration theory: Talking across disciplines (2000): 137-85.King, Russell. "Theories and Typologies of Migration: An Overview and a Primer." Willy Brandt series of working papers in international migration and ethnic relations 3 (2012): 12.King, Russell and Ronald Skeldon. "‘Mind the Gap!’Integrating Approaches to Internal and International Migration." Journal of ethnic and migration studies 36, no. 10 (2010): 1619-46.Kneebone, Susan. "Comparative Regional Protection Frameworks for Refugees: Norms and Norm Entrepreneurs." The International Journal of Human Rights 20, no. 2 (2016): 153-72.Kunz, Egon F. "Exile and Resettlement: Refugee Theory." International Migration Review (1981): 42-51.Kunz, Egon F. "Exile and Resettlement: Refugee Theory." The International Migration Review 15, no. 1/2 (1981): 42-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2545323.Lang, Hazel J. Fear and Sanctuary: Burmese Refugees in Thailand. SEAP Publications, 2002.LeCompte, Margaret Diane, Renata Tesch, and Judith Preissle Goetz. Ethnography and Qualitative Design in Educational Research. Academic Press, 1993.Lieberman, Victor B. "Ethnic Politics in Eighteenth-Century Burma." Modern Asian Studies 12, no. 03 (1978): 455-82.Loescher, Gil. "Beyond Charity." International cooperation and the global refugee crisis (1993): 36.Loescher, Gil and James HS Milner. Protracted Refugee Situations: Domestic and International Security Implications. Vol. 375: Taylor & Francis, 2005.Mathew, Penelope and Tristan Harley. "Refugee Protection and Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia: A Fieldwork Report." (2014).Michaud, Jean. Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif. Scarecrow Press, 2006.MOOLMA, MISS SARINYA. "Us Resettlement for Displaced Persons from Myanmar: Protection in a Protracted Refugee Situation in Mae La Shelter." Chulalongkorn University, 2011.Petcharamesree, Sriprapha. "The Asean Human Rights Architecture: Its Development and Challenges." (2013).Phan, Zoya. Undaunted: My Struggle for Freedom and Survival in Burma. Simon and Schuster, 2010.Pongsapit, A., and N. Chongwatta. "The Refugee Situation in Thailand." In Indochinese Refugees: Asylum and Resettlement, ed. and E.B. Reynolds S. Chanvanich, 38-47. Thailand: Chulalongkorn University, Institute of Asian Studies, 1988.Portes, Alejandro. "Migration and Social Change: Some Conceptual Reflections." Journal of ethnic and migration studies 36, no. 10 (2010): 1537-63.Ravenstein, E. G. "The Laws of Migration." Journal of the Statistical Society of London 48, no. 2 (1885): 167-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2979181.Refugees, UN High Commissioner for. UNHCR Lauds the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand among Asean States to Address Statelessness.Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refugee Figures." UNHCR. Last modified Accessed April 27 2016. http://www.UNHCR.org/pages/49c3646c1d.html.Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. Text of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Text of the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Edited by UNHCR, 1951.Risse, Thomas and Antje Wiener. "`Something Rotten`and the Social Construction of Social Constructivism: A Comment on Comments." Journal of European Public Policy 6, no. 5 (1999): 775-82.Robinson, W Courtland. "The Comprehensive Plan of Action for Indochinese Refugees, 1989–1997: Sharing the Burden and Passing the Buck." Journal of Refugee Studies 17, no. 3 (2004): 319-33.Saltsma, Adam. "A Real Durable Solution for Southeast Asia`s Refugees." January 23, 2017, http://thediplomat.com/2015/12/a-real-durable-solution-for-southeast-asias-refugees.Samers, M. Migration. Routledge, 2010.Samers, Michael. Migration. Abingdon. Routledge, 2010.Shum, Keane. "A New Comprehensive Plan of Action: Addressing the Refugee Protection Gap in Southeast Asia through Local and Regional Integration." Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration (2011): 60.Southwick, Katherine G. "Bumpy Road to the Asean Human Rights Declaration." (2013).Sunpuwan, Malee and Sakkarin Niyomsilpa. "Perception and Misperception: Thai Public Opinions on Refugees and Migrants from Myanmar." Journal of Population and Social Studies 21, no. 1 (2012): 47-58.Taft, Donald Reed. International Migrations: The Immigrant in the Modern World. Ronald Press Company, 1955.Tay, Simon SC, Jesus P Estanislao, and Hadi Soesastro. Reinventing Asean. Vol. 228: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2001.Thomas, Risse, Stephen C Ropp, and Kathryn Sikkink. "The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change." Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Preess (1999).UNHCR. "UNHCR Viewpoint: `Refugee` or `Migrant` - Which Is Right?" Last modified Accessed April 9, 2016. http://www.UNHCR.org/55df0e556.html.UNHCR. "UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database: Sources, Methods and Data Considerations." Last modified 2013. Accessed April 9, 2016. http://www.UNHCR.org/45c06c662.html#refugees.Wendt, Alexander. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge University Press, 1999. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
103926001資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103926001 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 楊昊 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Yang, Alan Hao en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 柳殷日 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Yuri, Baral en_US dc.creator (作者) 柳殷日 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Yuri, Baral en_US dc.date (日期) 2017 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-三月-2017 17:33:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-三月-2017 17:33:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-三月-2017 17:33:41 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0103926001 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/106984 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103926001 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 東南亞難民結構中的東盟成員國的角色長期飽受批評，因為東盟對人道援助承諾的問題。抵達泰國、印尼、馬來西馬的緬甸若開邦的羅辛雅（Rohingya）乘船移民皆被拒絕入境並且送回海上，與70年代東南亞對難民的管理形成明顯的區別，當時離難民最近的目的地在收容和處理印度支那難民方面發揮了顯著且積極作用。部分的東盟國家是“International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”以及“first Optional Protocol”的締約國，多數國家僅遵守1951年“難民公約”的規定，但尚未批准。本文從自由主義和建構主義的角度分析東南亞難民潮的性質。由確定印度支那難民危機（1975-1996 / 7）的東南亞難民高峰的難民經驗直到更現代的難民潮的來分析這個問題。聯合國難民署在這其間的數字與難民主要出口國的歷史知識作為補充基的礎，以確定推拉因素在整個難民高峰期是否相同。筆者認為，從1975年到現在，東盟難民潮的影響因素具有相似性，但也有不同的特點。 此外，當代難民危機是薄弱的區域難民制度的症狀。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The role of ASEAN member states in Southeast Asia’s refugee structure has for long been a subject of criticism, with their commitments to the cause of humanitarian assistance in question. The treatment of Rohingya boat migrants who reached Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia from Myanmar`s Rakhine state, only to be refused and pulled-back to sea, shows a stark difference from Southeast Asia’s management of refugees in the 1970s, which saw recent destination of refugees playing a significantly active role in hosting and processing of Indochinese refugees at the time. While some ASEAN states are party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its first Optional Protocol, a majority merely observes provisions of the 1951 Refugee Convention but have not ratified it. This paper analyzes the nature of Southeast Asia’s refugee flows from the lens of analytical liberalism and constructivism. It approaches the matter by identifying the peaks of Southeast Asia’s refugee experiences from the Indochina refugee crisis (1975-1996/7) to more contemporary refugee flows. Figures from UNHCR on these periods, alongside a working historical knowledge of main refugee exporting countries, serve as supplementary basis to determine whether identified push and pull factors are the same throughout the peak periods. I argue that the ASEAN refugee flows from 1975 to present show similarity in terms of influencing factors, but also have differing characteristics. Furthermore, the contemporary refugee crisis is symptomatic to a weak regional refugee regime. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents PREFACE ixCHAPTER 1:PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1A. A HISTORY OF ASIAN MIGRATION 2B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 7C. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 7D. HYPOTHESIS 8E. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 8F. SCOPE AND LIMITATION 8G. DEFINITION OF TERMS 10CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 11A. FORCED MIGRATION THEORIES 11B. TYPOLOGIES FOR REFUGEES 15C. SOUTHEAST ASIA`S REFUGEES 17D. PUSH AND PULL: REGIONAL EXPERIENCE 22CHAPTER 3: FRAMEWORK 25A. THEORETICAL 25B. OPERATIONAL 27CHAPTER 4:RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 29A. METHOD OF RESEARCH 29B. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE 30C. DATA VISUALIZATION (ATTEMPT) 31CHAPTER 5: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 32A. UNHCR DATA 32B. ORIGIN VS. DESTINATION 34C. SHORT-TERM VS. LONG-TERM POLICY 38D, ATTITUDE TOWARDS REFUGEES 40CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 43REFERENCES 48APPENDIX A 53APPENDIX B 54APPENDIX C 55APPENDIX D 56APPENDIX E 57 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3961435 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103926001 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 難民 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 東盟 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 運動 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 流離失所 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Refugee en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) ASEAN en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Movement en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Displacement en_US dc.title (題名) 東協內部難民流動：類型學分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Intra-ASEAN refugee movements: a typological analysis en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) "UNHCR in Bangladesh Accuses Myanmar Troops of Killings, Rape, Arson in Rohingya Communities." (November 24, 2016. Accessed December 12, 2016. http://www.dw.com/en/UNHCR-in-bangladesh-accuses-myanmar-troops-of-killings-rape-arson-in-rohingya-communities/a-36515500."Is This Humanitarian Migration Crisis Different?" Migration Policy Debates (September 2015 2015). Accessed January 2, 2017. https://www.oecd.org/migration/Is-this-refugee-crisis-different.pdf.(UNHCR), UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)UN High Commissioner for Refugees. "UNHCR Global Trends 2014: World at War." Last modified 8 April 2016, Accessed. http://UNHCR.org/556725e69.html.Barron, Sandy M, Masaru Gotu, Helen Kudrich, and Diem Dangers. Between Worlds: Twenty Years on the Border. Burmese Border Consortium, 2004.Betts, Alexander. Comprehensive Plans of Action: Insights from Cirefca and the Indochinese Cpa. UNHCR, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, 2006.Betts, Alexander. Forced Migration and Global Politics. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.Betts, Alexander and Gil Loescher. Refugees in International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2011.Brawley, Mark R. Analytical Liberalism Versus Neo-Classical Realism: Domestic Politics and British Foreign Policy, 1900-1914. APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper, 2009.Canero, Zebadiah. "Timeline: Philippine Laws and Policies on Refugees." Rappler. 20 June 2015. Accessed 29 August 2016, http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/96929-timeline-philippine-law-policies-refugees.Castles, Stephen. "Understanding Global Migration: A Social Transformation Perspective." Journal of ethnic and migration studies 36, no. 10 (2010): 1565-86.Castles, Stephen and Sean Loughna. "Trends in Asylum Migration to Industrialized Countries, 1990–2001." In Poverty, International Migration and Asylum, 39-69: Springer, 2005.Cochrane, Joe. "Indonesia and Malaysia Agree to Care for Stranded Migrants". 2015. Accessed May 20, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/21/world/asia/indonesia-malaysia-rohingya-bangladeshi-migrants-agreement.html.Crawford, Neta. Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention. Vol. 81: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Cutts, Mark. The State of the World`s Refugees, 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press, 2000.Dowty, Alan and Gil Loescher. "Refugee Flows as Grounds for International Action." International Security 21, no. 1 (1996): 43-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2539108.Elson, Robert E. "International Commerce, the State and Society: Economic and Social Change." The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia 2, no. Part I (1992): 127-92.Favell, Adrian, Caroline B Brettell, and James F Hollifield. "Migration Theory: Talking across Disciplines." Migration theory: Talking across disciplines (2008).Foster, Brian L. Ethnicity and Economy: The Case of the Mons in Thailand. University of Michigan., 1972.Foster, Brian L. "Ethnicity and Economy: The Case of the Mons in Thailand." University of Michigan., 1972.Frost, Frank. "Vietnam, Asean and the Indochina Refugee Crisis." Southeast Asian Affairs (1980): 347-67. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27908412.Hollifield, James F. "The Politics of International Migration." Migration theory: Talking across disciplines (2000): 137-85.King, Russell. "Theories and Typologies of Migration: An Overview and a Primer." Willy Brandt series of working papers in international migration and ethnic relations 3 (2012): 12.King, Russell and Ronald Skeldon. "‘Mind the Gap!’Integrating Approaches to Internal and International Migration." Journal of ethnic and migration studies 36, no. 10 (2010): 1619-46.Kneebone, Susan. "Comparative Regional Protection Frameworks for Refugees: Norms and Norm Entrepreneurs." The International Journal of Human Rights 20, no. 2 (2016): 153-72.Kunz, Egon F. "Exile and Resettlement: Refugee Theory." International Migration Review (1981): 42-51.Kunz, Egon F. "Exile and Resettlement: Refugee Theory." The International Migration Review 15, no. 1/2 (1981): 42-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2545323.Lang, Hazel J. Fear and Sanctuary: Burmese Refugees in Thailand. SEAP Publications, 2002.LeCompte, Margaret Diane, Renata Tesch, and Judith Preissle Goetz. Ethnography and Qualitative Design in Educational Research. Academic Press, 1993.Lieberman, Victor B. "Ethnic Politics in Eighteenth-Century Burma." Modern Asian Studies 12, no. 03 (1978): 455-82.Loescher, Gil. "Beyond Charity." International cooperation and the global refugee crisis (1993): 36.Loescher, Gil and James HS Milner. Protracted Refugee Situations: Domestic and International Security Implications. Vol. 375: Taylor & Francis, 2005.Mathew, Penelope and Tristan Harley. "Refugee Protection and Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia: A Fieldwork Report." (2014).Michaud, Jean. Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif. Scarecrow Press, 2006.MOOLMA, MISS SARINYA. "Us Resettlement for Displaced Persons from Myanmar: Protection in a Protracted Refugee Situation in Mae La Shelter." Chulalongkorn University, 2011.Petcharamesree, Sriprapha. "The Asean Human Rights Architecture: Its Development and Challenges." (2013).Phan, Zoya. Undaunted: My Struggle for Freedom and Survival in Burma. Simon and Schuster, 2010.Pongsapit, A., and N. Chongwatta. "The Refugee Situation in Thailand." In Indochinese Refugees: Asylum and Resettlement, ed. and E.B. Reynolds S. Chanvanich, 38-47. Thailand: Chulalongkorn University, Institute of Asian Studies, 1988.Portes, Alejandro. "Migration and Social Change: Some Conceptual Reflections." Journal of ethnic and migration studies 36, no. 10 (2010): 1537-63.Ravenstein, E. G. "The Laws of Migration." Journal of the Statistical Society of London 48, no. 2 (1885): 167-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2979181.Refugees, UN High Commissioner for. UNHCR Lauds the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand among Asean States to Address Statelessness.Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refugee Figures." UNHCR. Last modified Accessed April 27 2016. http://www.UNHCR.org/pages/49c3646c1d.html.Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. Text of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Text of the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Edited by UNHCR, 1951.Risse, Thomas and Antje Wiener. "`Something Rotten`and the Social Construction of Social Constructivism: A Comment on Comments." Journal of European Public Policy 6, no. 5 (1999): 775-82.Robinson, W Courtland. "The Comprehensive Plan of Action for Indochinese Refugees, 1989–1997: Sharing the Burden and Passing the Buck." Journal of Refugee Studies 17, no. 3 (2004): 319-33.Saltsma, Adam. "A Real Durable Solution for Southeast Asia`s Refugees." January 23, 2017, http://thediplomat.com/2015/12/a-real-durable-solution-for-southeast-asias-refugees.Samers, M. Migration. Routledge, 2010.Samers, Michael. Migration. Abingdon. Routledge, 2010.Shum, Keane. "A New Comprehensive Plan of Action: Addressing the Refugee Protection Gap in Southeast Asia through Local and Regional Integration." Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration (2011): 60.Southwick, Katherine G. "Bumpy Road to the Asean Human Rights Declaration." (2013).Sunpuwan, Malee and Sakkarin Niyomsilpa. "Perception and Misperception: Thai Public Opinions on Refugees and Migrants from Myanmar." Journal of Population and Social Studies 21, no. 1 (2012): 47-58.Taft, Donald Reed. International Migrations: The Immigrant in the Modern World. Ronald Press Company, 1955.Tay, Simon SC, Jesus P Estanislao, and Hadi Soesastro. Reinventing Asean. Vol. 228: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2001.Thomas, Risse, Stephen C Ropp, and Kathryn Sikkink. "The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change." Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Preess (1999).UNHCR. "UNHCR Viewpoint: `Refugee` or `Migrant` - Which Is Right?" Last modified Accessed April 9, 2016. http://www.UNHCR.org/55df0e556.html.UNHCR. "UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database: Sources, Methods and Data Considerations." Last modified 2013. Accessed April 9, 2016. http://www.UNHCR.org/45c06c662.html#refugees.Wendt, Alexander. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge University Press, 1999. zh_TW
