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題名 台灣私立幼教機構外籍英語教師任職動機之研究
The motivations of foreign English teachers in Taiwan`s private preschools
作者 湯培睿
貢獻者 周祝瑛
湯培睿
關鍵詞 學前教育
英語教學
計畫行為理論
外籍教師任教動機
補習班
Early childhood education
English as a second language
Social norms
Theory of planned behavior
Native English speaking teachers
Taiwan
日期 2017
上傳時間 1-五月-2017 11:26:43 (UTC+8)
摘要 在國際化趨勢中，台灣政府推動英語教學，來提升國人成為 「終身學習者」。為了達成上述目標，台灣政府允許公立與私立學校聘用以英文為母語的外籍教師，尤其在私人的學前教育機構與補習班等，經常可看到這些外籍教師。由於家長對於子女提前接受英語教育的期望，造成市場的需求，導致政府英語教學政策和民間需求，存在著相當的落差，導致許多私立學前教育機構為了維繫市場競爭力，規避政府的法規，聘請英語非母語的外籍教師任教。本論文旨在探討為何許多來台外籍人士，無論本身是否具有合格師資與英語母語條件，在台灣冒著被驅逐出境的風險，以學前教育工作為首選，從事合法及非法打工，而非選擇其他的工作機會？本研究以英語外籍教師為主要對象，採用質性研究法，運用「計畫行為理論」作為研究架構，先透過12個先導性調查，進行初步資料分析，再經由10次深度訪談，以及80份問卷調查，了解外籍教師的看法。本研究根據計畫行為理論中的變項，包含：態度、主觀規範，以及認知行為控制等項目，分析在台外籍人士何以選擇到學前教育機構，任教英語的行為動機，及其背後原因。本研究發現，學前教育備受來台外籍人士歡迎的原因，包括：台灣學前教育階段英語教師市場需求大，教學資格門檻不夠嚴格、入行容易，薪資待遇佳，尤其是學前教育階段特殊的教學方式，能夠提供較具彈性的上班時間與生活方式，都是造成學前教育機構吸引來台外籍教師任教的原因。研究進一步發現，台灣的教育政策至今仍缺乏對於學前教育機構外籍英語教師聘用等方面，有效的管理與輔導。本論文最後建議，台灣公部門必須對於所有相關機構與個人，諸如：學前教育單位、英語為母語及其他外籍教師、與學生家長等，進行明確的規範，落實學前教育英語教師的任教資格、加強本地雇主與外師之間勞資雙方工作條件的透明度、甚至落實對非法雇主的取締及違法者處分等，都是改善台灣學前教育英語學品質，保障學童受教權及外籍教師工作權的重要途徑。
參考文獻 Books
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp.
11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Chou, C., & Ching, G. (2012). Taiwan education at the crossroad: When globalization meets
localization. Springer.
Hsieh, M. F. (2006). " My Mom Makes Me to Learn English": Power, System, Instruction and
Quality of Early Childhood English Language Education in Taiwan. ProQuest.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research (Vol. 15). Newbury Park, CA:

Sage.

Articles
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to
theory and research.

Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Milton-Keynes, England: Open University
Press & Chicago, IL: Dorsey Press.

Ajzen, I. (2006). Constructing a theory of planned behavior questionnaire.

Ajzen, I. (2002). Constructing a TPB questionnaire: Conceptual and methodological
considerations.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision
processes, 50(2), 179-211.

Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A
meta‐analytic review. British journal of social psychology, 40(4), 471-499.

Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using
Facebook. internet Research, 22(1), 57-74.

Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain
referral sampling. Sociological methods & research, 10(2), 141-163.

Carpenter, T. D., & Reimers, J. L. (2005). Unethical and fraudulent financial reporting: Applying
the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(2), 115-129.

Caska, B. A. (1998). The Search for Employment: Motivation to Engage in a Coping Behavior.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(3), 206-224.

Chang, C. (2013). Exploring the beliefs of native and non-native English speaking kindergarten teachers in Taiwan. International Journal Of Research Studies In Language Learning, 2(5). http://dx.doi.org/10.5861/ijrsll.2012.171
Chang, Y. (2008). Parents’ attitudes toward the english education policy in Taiwan. Asia Pacific Education Review, 9(4), 423-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03025660

Chou, C. P., & Yuan, J. K. S. (2011). Buxiban in Taiwan. IIAS Newsletter.

Chou, C. P. (2014). A matter of trust: shadow education in Taiwan. Revue internationale
d’éducation de Sèvres.

Engle, R. L., Schlägel, C., Dimitriadi, N., Tatoglu, E., & Ljubica, J. (2015). The intention to
become an expatriate: a multinational application of the theory of planned behaviour.
European Journal of International Management, 9(1), 108-137.

Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2009). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for
qualitative research. Transaction publishers.

Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: a review of its applications to
health-related behaviors. American journal of health promotion, 11(2), 87-98.

Gu, J., Lau, J. T., Chen, X., Liu, C., Liu, J., Chen, H., ... & Li, Z. (2009). Using the Theory of
Planned Behavior to investigate condom use behaviors among female injecting drug
users who are also sex workers in China. AIDS care, 21(8), 967-975.

HOOFT, E. A. V., Born, M. P., Taris, T. W., FLIER, H. V. D., & Blonk, R. W. (2004).
Predictors of job search behavior among employed and unemployed people. Personnel
Psychology, 57(1), 25-59.

Ho, M. S. (2006). The politics of preschool education vouchers in Taiwan. Comparative
Education Review, 50(1), 66-89.

Hsieh, C. Y. (2008). Parental choice of preschool in Taiwan (Doctoral dissertation, University of
Bath).


Jeon, M. & Lee, J. (2006). Hiring native-speaking English teachers in East Asian countries.
English Today, 22(04), 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078406004093

Renzi, S., & Klobas, J. (2008). Using the theory of planned behavior with qualitative research.

Lan, P. (2011). White Privilege, Language Capital and Cultural Ghettoisation: Western High-
Skilled Migrants in Taiwan. Journal Of Ethnic And Migration Studies, 37(10), 1669-1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2011.613337
Madden, T. J., Ellen, P. S., & Ajzen, I. (1992). A comparison of the theory of planned behavior
and the theory of reasoned action. Personality and social psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 3-9.

Marpsat, M., & Razafindratsima, N. (2010). Survey methods for hard-to-reach populations:
introduction to the special issue. Methodological Innovations Online, 5(2), 3-16.

Neuman, W. L. (2006). Analysis of qualitative data. Social research methods: Qualitative and
quantitative approaches, 457-489.

Oladejo, J. (2006). Parents` Attitudes Towards Bilingual Education Policy in Taiwan. Bilingual
Research Journal, 30(1), 147-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2006.10162870

Parker, D., Manstead, A. S., Stradling, S. G., Reason, J. T., & Baxter, J. S. (1992). Intention to
commit driving violations: an application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(1), 94.

Shang, F. H., Ingebritson, R. & Tseng, L. (2007). Taiwanese parental perceptions toward English learning in bilingual kindergarten. Bilingual Research Journal, 32(2): 135-148.

Su, Y. (2006). EFL teachers’ perceptions of English language policy at the elementary level in Taiwan. Educational Studies, 32(3), 265-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055690600631218

Sutton, S., French, D. P., Hennings, S. J., Mitchell, J., Wareham, N. J., Griffin, S., ... &
Kinmonth, A. L. (2003). Eliciting salient beliefs in research on the theory of planned behaviour: The effect of question wording. Current Psychology, 22(3), 234-251.

Underwood, P. R. (2012). Teacher beliefs and intentions regarding the instruction of English
grammar under national curriculum reforms: A Theory of Planned Behaviour perspective. Teaching and Teacher education, 28(6), 911-925.

Wang, L. Y., & Lin, T. B. (2013). The representation of professionalism in native English-
speaking teachers recruitment policies: A comparative study of Hong Kong, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. English Teaching, 12(3), 5.

Yeh, A. (2002). Teaching English in Taiwan: issues of inequality and low motivation. English Today, 18(04). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840200408x

Websites
Addis, K. (2014,October 03). Salary expectations for teaching English in Taiwan. Retrieved from https://www.gooverseas.com/blog/teaching-english-in-Taiwan-salary

Is teaching preschool illegal? How is it possible that teachers still teach it? (2017, January 1rst)
Retrieved from:http://www.hess.com.tw/en/careers/faq/W8.html

What are English teacher salaries in Taiwan (2016, October 04). Retrieved from https://www.englishinTaiwan.com/english-hub/teach-in-Taiwan/what-are-english-teacher-salaries-in-Taiwan

The Behavioural Insights Team. (2016). Behaviouralinsights.co.uk. Retrieved 5 November 2016, from http://www.behaviouralinsights.co.uk/

News Articles
Cai, Y.B.(2016, April 20) Treehouse Illegally Operating Kindergarten in Taipei. The Apple Daily
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Bill Seeks to Protect Young Cram School Enrollees. (2009, September 28) Taiwan Today.
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Chen, W. (2015, January 28). Parents Angry at MOE over Child Abuse. The Liberty Times Net.
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Jan,T. (2000, June 04). English teachers wanted: must look western. The Taipei Times.pp. 17

Lin, Y & Chen, W. (2015, January 26) Happy Marian Child Abuse. The Apple Daily.Retrieved from: http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20150126/548982/

MOE Clarifies English Learning Policy for Preschools. (2004, Feb 11) The China Post.
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Yiu, C.(2004, December 17). ClA to crackdown on foreign English teachers.

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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
102926041
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102926041
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 周祝瑛zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 湯培睿zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 湯培睿zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-五月-2017 11:26:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-五月-2017 11:26:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-五月-2017 11:26:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0102926041en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/109268-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102926041zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在國際化趨勢中，台灣政府推動英語教學，來提升國人成為 「終身學習者」。為了達成上述目標，台灣政府允許公立與私立學校聘用以英文為母語的外籍教師，尤其在私人的學前教育機構與補習班等，經常可看到這些外籍教師。由於家長對於子女提前接受英語教育的期望，造成市場的需求，導致政府英語教學政策和民間需求，存在著相當的落差，導致許多私立學前教育機構為了維繫市場競爭力，規避政府的法規，聘請英語非母語的外籍教師任教。本論文旨在探討為何許多來台外籍人士，無論本身是否具有合格師資與英語母語條件，在台灣冒著被驅逐出境的風險，以學前教育工作為首選，從事合法及非法打工，而非選擇其他的工作機會？本研究以英語外籍教師為主要對象，採用質性研究法，運用「計畫行為理論」作為研究架構，先透過12個先導性調查，進行初步資料分析，再經由10次深度訪談，以及80份問卷調查，了解外籍教師的看法。本研究根據計畫行為理論中的變項，包含：態度、主觀規範，以及認知行為控制等項目，分析在台外籍人士何以選擇到學前教育機構，任教英語的行為動機，及其背後原因。本研究發現，學前教育備受來台外籍人士歡迎的原因，包括：台灣學前教育階段英語教師市場需求大，教學資格門檻不夠嚴格、入行容易，薪資待遇佳，尤其是學前教育階段特殊的教學方式，能夠提供較具彈性的上班時間與生活方式，都是造成學前教育機構吸引來台外籍教師任教的原因。研究進一步發現，台灣的教育政策至今仍缺乏對於學前教育機構外籍英語教師聘用等方面，有效的管理與輔導。本論文最後建議，台灣公部門必須對於所有相關機構與個人，諸如：學前教育單位、英語為母語及其他外籍教師、與學生家長等，進行明確的規範，落實學前教育英語教師的任教資格、加強本地雇主與外師之間勞資雙方工作條件的透明度、甚至落實對非法雇主的取締及違法者處分等，都是改善台灣學前教育英語學品質，保障學童受教權及外籍教師工作權的重要途徑。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents
Acknowledgements 1
Abstract 3
List of Terms 4
Table of Contents 5
List of Figures 7
List of Tables 7
Chapter 1 Introduction 8
1.1 Problem Statement 9
1.2 Definition of Terminology 11
1.3 Personal Motivations 16
1.4 Aim of Study 17
1.5 Research Questions 17
Chapter 2 Literature Review 19
2.1 Analytical Framework 19
2.1.1 Salient Beliefs 22
2.2 The Theory of Planned Behavior 23
2.3 Expatriates, NESTs, and Job Recruitment 25
2.4 Government Policy, Taiwan’s private ESL market, and the Buxiban 27
2.5 Teachers Perceptions 30
Chapter 3 Methodology 32
3.1 Research Design 32
3.2 Formative Research, Pilot Study Construction and Distribution 34
3.3 Interviews 35
3.4 Primary Questionnaire 36
3.5 Methods of Analysis 37
3.6 Analyzing the Salient Belief Study 37
3.7 Interview Analysis 37
3.8 Primary Questionnaire Analysis 38
3.9 Data Coding 38
3.10 Sampling 39
Chapter 4 Data Analysis 42
4.1 Populations measures 42
4.2 Attitude 48
4.2.1 Working with Children 48
4.2.2 Working Hours and Placement 50
4.2.3 Lifestyle 51
4.2.4 Management and Abuse 53
4.2.5 Summary of Attitude 57
4.3 Subjective Norm 57
4.3.1 Family and Friends 58
4.3.2 Taiwanese Society 59
4.3.3 Summary of Subjective Norm 61
4.4 Perceived Behavioral Control 62
4.4.1 Hiring Standards and Qualifications 62
4.4.2 Race Based Hiring Practices 65
4.4.3 The Perception of Legality 67
4.4.4 Summary of Perceived Behavioral Control 69
4.5 Discussion 69
Chapter 5 Conclusion & Policy Implications 73
5.1 Conclusion 73
5.2 Other Notable Trends 75
5.2.1 The ESL Black Hole 76
5.3 Avenues for Future Research 76
5. 4 Policy Implications 77
5.5 Limitations 82
Bibliography 85
Appendix 90
Appendix A Pilot Survey Responses 90
Appendix B Primary Questionnaire 100
Appendix C Interview Notes 102		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1288484 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102926041en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 學前教育zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英語教學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 計畫行為理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外籍教師任教動機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 補習班zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Early childhood educationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) English as a second languageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social normsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Theory of planned behavioren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Native English speaking teachersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣私立幼教機構外籍英語教師任職動機之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The motivations of foreign English teachers in Taiwan`s private preschoolsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Books
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp.
11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Chou, C., & Ching, G. (2012). Taiwan education at the crossroad: When globalization meets
localization. Springer.
Hsieh, M. F. (2006). " My Mom Makes Me to Learn English": Power, System, Instruction and
Quality of Early Childhood English Language Education in Taiwan. ProQuest.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research (Vol. 15). Newbury Park, CA:

Sage.

Articles
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to
theory and research.

Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Milton-Keynes, England: Open University
Press & Chicago, IL: Dorsey Press.

Ajzen, I. (2006). Constructing a theory of planned behavior questionnaire.

Ajzen, I. (2002). Constructing a TPB questionnaire: Conceptual and methodological
considerations.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision
processes, 50(2), 179-211.

Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A
meta‐analytic review. British journal of social psychology, 40(4), 471-499.

Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using
Facebook. internet Research, 22(1), 57-74.

Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain
referral sampling. Sociological methods & research, 10(2), 141-163.

Carpenter, T. D., & Reimers, J. L. (2005). Unethical and fraudulent financial reporting: Applying
the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(2), 115-129.

Caska, B. A. (1998). The Search for Employment: Motivation to Engage in a Coping Behavior.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(3), 206-224.

Chang, C. (2013). Exploring the beliefs of native and non-native English speaking kindergarten teachers in Taiwan. International Journal Of Research Studies In Language Learning, 2(5). http://dx.doi.org/10.5861/ijrsll.2012.171
Chang, Y. (2008). Parents’ attitudes toward the english education policy in Taiwan. Asia Pacific Education Review, 9(4), 423-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03025660

Chou, C. P., & Yuan, J. K. S. (2011). Buxiban in Taiwan. IIAS Newsletter.

Chou, C. P. (2014). A matter of trust: shadow education in Taiwan. Revue internationale
d’éducation de Sèvres.

Engle, R. L., Schlägel, C., Dimitriadi, N., Tatoglu, E., & Ljubica, J. (2015). The intention to
become an expatriate: a multinational application of the theory of planned behaviour.
European Journal of International Management, 9(1), 108-137.

Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2009). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for
qualitative research. Transaction publishers.

Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: a review of its applications to
health-related behaviors. American journal of health promotion, 11(2), 87-98.

Gu, J., Lau, J. T., Chen, X., Liu, C., Liu, J., Chen, H., ... & Li, Z. (2009). Using the Theory of
Planned Behavior to investigate condom use behaviors among female injecting drug
users who are also sex workers in China. AIDS care, 21(8), 967-975.

HOOFT, E. A. V., Born, M. P., Taris, T. W., FLIER, H. V. D., & Blonk, R. W. (2004).
Predictors of job search behavior among employed and unemployed people. Personnel
Psychology, 57(1), 25-59.

Ho, M. S. (2006). The politics of preschool education vouchers in Taiwan. Comparative
Education Review, 50(1), 66-89.

Hsieh, C. Y. (2008). Parental choice of preschool in Taiwan (Doctoral dissertation, University of
Bath).


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