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題名 行動國際漫遊之路由最佳化
Mobile international roaming with route optimization
作者 黃正熙
Huang, Jen-Shi
貢獻者 張宏慶
Jang, Hung Chin
黃正熙
Huang, Jen-Shi
關鍵詞 國際漫遊
OTT
Tromboning
Triangular
網路元件
International roaming
Over The Top (OTT)
Tromboning
Network component
日期 2017
上傳時間 11-七月-2017 12:21:35 (UTC+8)
摘要 行動通訊網路之國際漫遊(以下簡稱:漫遊)的信令傳遞方式,從早期的通信衛星發展至目前的海底纜線,都屬於高維護成本的電信基礎設施,導致漫遊通話費用成本居高不下。隨著行動通訊網路技術發展,無形中促使OTT(Over The Top)的應用逐漸廣泛,甚至取代原本漫遊通話模式。即便如此,漫遊通話節費產品依然盛行,其主要原因是OTT服務無法提供優於目前行動通訊網路所擁有的特性:高通話品質、高移動性以及通話雙方不受應用軟體或終端裝置型號之限制(如Line無法與微信互通)。
由於漫遊的話務必須透過本地端服務網路或國際合作營運商的協議路由,才能順利將信令送達受話方,如此的程序卻造成Tromboning和Triangular等路由問題,對營運商而言,無形中衍生國際營運商合作的路由接續費用等相關成本。為改善上述問題,本論文的研究方法在不增加電信核心網路元件的基礎架構上使用漫遊閘道,分流處理目前行動通訊網路之漫遊的信令傳遞。採用動態更新漫遊用戶資料機制,降低各電信核心網路元件的運算資源,使漫遊的話務能採用更直接的路徑方式進行路由。
本研究所提出的方法,根據數學理論推導驗證可以發現,漫遊路由成本,不論是路由所需經過的國家數、網路元件數以及營運商連結數等,都能有效降低。模擬實驗結果也顯示,本研究方法能有效降低漫遊呼叫接通的時間,並能提升行動通訊網路前端網路元件的運算效能。在避免Tromboning和Triangular等路由問題的同時,降低營運商的話務路由成本,進而降低漫遊通話費用,提升用戶對漫遊通話使用率,達成雙贏局面。
The ways of transferring signaling of international roaming, abbreviated to roaming in the following, in mobile communication network evolve from satellite communications, submarine cable communications, etc. The huge maintenance cost of telecommunication infrastructure results in high charge of a roaming call. Through the advancement of mobile communication network technologies, the emergent Over The Top (OTT) applications had been widely spread and began to replace the ways of legacy roaming calls. However, the saving call products still popular is due to OTT services are inferior to those of mobile communication in terms of voice quality and mobility. Apart from this, both parties of OTT services are subject to the same application software, e.g. LINE cannot communicate with WeChat.
Since roaming traffic should be delivered through the routing protocol between local service network and international cooperative operators, it may cause Tromboning and Triangular problems. Operators, should thus increase the cost of interconnection due to the corporation among international operators. To resolve the problems, we propose to use roaming gateways based on the underlying infrastructure without adding components to the existing telecommunication core network. Roaming gateways can assist in separate processing of roaming signals delivery of the current mobile communication networks. The proposed method adopts the current registration model when roaming users visit a service network. Aside from this, the method dynamically updates users’ data in order to reduce the use of computing resources of core network components. The method is proved to be able to choose more direct paths in making roaming calls.
The proposed method is verified by both mathematical analysis and simulations. The mathematical analysis proves that the proposed method is able to reduce roaming routing cost in terms of numbers of countries, network components and interconnected operators. The simulations show that the proposed method is able to shorten the answering time of roaming calls and enhance the computation efficiency of the front-end components of mobile communication network. In summary, the proposed method is able to solve the routing problems of Tromboning and Triangular as well as reduce the traffic routing cost of operators. As the result, the operators will be able to offer better tariff to users.
參考文獻 [1] 28TEL,http://linkwell.cc/vpbx/product_roaming.html#,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[2] 3GPP,"Support of Optimal Routeing (SOR);Service definition; Stage 1",3GPP TS_22.079、version_13.0.0(R13),2015.
[3] Chen, Y.-K., Lin, Y.-B. and Liou, R.-H., "Reducing international call costs for roamer to roamer calls", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Volume 59, Issue 8, Pages 4131-4134, October 2010.
[4] Chih-Lin Hu, "A backward update strategy for location management in personal communication networks",IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC,Volume 4, 2004, Pages 2674-2678,5-8 Sept. 2004.
[5] Cho, Y.-J., Lin, Y.-B., Rao and H.C.-H., "Reducing the network cost of call delivery to GSM roamers", IEEE Network,Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages 19-25,September 1997.
[6] GSMA,"Guidelines and Testing for Optimal Routing-Service definition(Stage 1 Testing)",GSMA IR.37 Version 3.0.0,2015/04/07.
[7] GSMA,"IMS Roaming and Interworking Guidelines Version 15.0",GSMA,2014/10/28.
[8] GSMA,"LTE and EPC Roaming Guidelines Version 13.1",GSMA,2015/07/16.
[9] KnowRoaming,https://www.knowroaming.com/#faq1,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[10] Lin, Y.-B., "Eliminating tromboning mobile call setup for international roaming users", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 320-325, January 2009.
[11] Lin, Y.-B., "Reducing international roaming call costs with multiple mobile phone numbers", IEEE Communications Letters, Volume 12, Issue 7, Pages 529-531, July 2008.
[12] Lin, Y.-B., Liou, R.-H., Chen, Y.-K., Gan and C.-H., "A handset-based solution for reducing international roaming costs", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 1627-1635, May 2011.
[13] Martin Sauter,"From GSM to LTE-Advanced: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband 2nd Edition",wiley,July 2014.
[14] Mobal,https://www.mobal.com/international-gsm-sim-card/,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[15] Mobile number portability,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_number_portability,retrieved date:2017/02/01.
[16] onesimcard,http://www.onesimcard.com/faq/?groupid=1,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[17] sim2travel,http://www.sim2travel.com,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[18] Yi-Bing Lin, Imrich Chlamtac,"Wireless and mobile network architectures",John Wiley,October 2000.
[19] 大公財經,運營商面對OTT挑戰尋求RCS機遇,中國通信產業網,retrieved date:2015/12/26.
[20] 中信國際電訊集團有限公司,http://www.citictel.com,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[21] 中國移動香港-一咭多號服務,https://www.hk.chinamobile.com/tc/corporate_information/Global_Services/1CMN/global-services-multino.html,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[22] 中華電信股份有限公司,漫遊資訊,http://www.emome.net/international_roaming_plan,retrieved date:2016/10/05.
[23] 文旭樺,葉銀法,杜春生,中國移動,IPX在LTE國際漫游中的應用研究,移動通信(中國期刊),2014/05/15.
[24] 北京新浪網,VoLTE能助運營商逆襲痛擊OTT麼,http://news.sina.com.tw/article/20151222/15801552.html,retrieved date:2015/12/28.
[25] 台灣大哥大股份有限公司,漫遊資訊,https://www.taiwanmobile.com/travel/travel.html,retrieved date:2016/10/05.
[26] 台灣之星電信股份有限公司,漫遊資訊,https://www.tstartel.com/CWS/nationRoaming.php,retrieved date:2016/10/05.
[27] 李飛,中國聯通甘肅分公司運維部,移動網國際漫遊來訪位置更新成功率優化淺析,甘肅科技(甘肅省科學技術情報研究所)(中國期刊),2013/11/01。
[28] 亞太電信股份有限公司,漫遊資訊,http://www.aptg.com.tw/my/roaming/InternationalRoaming_GSM_B1.htm,retrieved date:2016/10/05.
[29] 林一平,行動電話及數據網路管理(Mobile telephone & data network management),維科,1999/08/01.
[30] 為什麼國際/國內長途要比市話貴而訪問國外/外地網站和市內網站費用一樣?都是用網路傳輸資料而已,中國知乎,https://www.zhihu.com/question/21112568,retrieved date:2016/05/19.
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[33] 國家通訊傳播委員會,電話號碼可攜服務統計資料,http://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/gradation.aspx?site_content_sn=1975&is_history=0,retrieved date:2016/12/06.
[34] 張宏慶,行動網路管理,國立政治大學資訊科學系,http://www.cs.nccu.edu.tw/~jang/Course_Syllabus(99-1)/MobileMgt.html,retrieved date:2016/01/17.
[35] 張宏慶,無線通訊網路介紹,國立政治大學資訊科學系,http://www.cs.nccu.edu.tw/~jang/teaching/IntroWirelessComm.html,retrieved date:2017/01/18.
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[37] 陳裕賢,無線網路導論,國立臺北大學資訊工程系,http://www.csie.ntpu.edu.tw/~yschen/course/2012-1/WNMC/WNMC.html,retrieved date:2015/12/26.
[38] 雲太電信,http://www.uuutel.com/,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
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[40] 臺灣大學生物產業機電工程學系,郭彥甫教授MATLAB教學網,https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPFozH8PbQiuo1s5zX5HH0A,retrieved date:2016/12/03.
[41] 趙慧玲,張園,陳運清,毛聰傑,聶衡,行動網際網路下的未來核心網路世界,佳魁資訊,2015/01/29.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學系碩士在職專班
104971020
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104971020
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張宏慶zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Jang, Hung Chinen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 黃正熙zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Huang, Jen-Shien_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃正熙zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Jen-Shien_US
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-七月-2017 12:21:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-七月-2017 12:21:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-七月-2017 12:21:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0104971020en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/110878-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學系碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 104971020zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 行動通訊網路之國際漫遊(以下簡稱:漫遊)的信令傳遞方式,從早期的通信衛星發展至目前的海底纜線,都屬於高維護成本的電信基礎設施,導致漫遊通話費用成本居高不下。隨著行動通訊網路技術發展,無形中促使OTT(Over The Top)的應用逐漸廣泛,甚至取代原本漫遊通話模式。即便如此,漫遊通話節費產品依然盛行,其主要原因是OTT服務無法提供優於目前行動通訊網路所擁有的特性:高通話品質、高移動性以及通話雙方不受應用軟體或終端裝置型號之限制(如Line無法與微信互通)。
由於漫遊的話務必須透過本地端服務網路或國際合作營運商的協議路由,才能順利將信令送達受話方,如此的程序卻造成Tromboning和Triangular等路由問題,對營運商而言,無形中衍生國際營運商合作的路由接續費用等相關成本。為改善上述問題,本論文的研究方法在不增加電信核心網路元件的基礎架構上使用漫遊閘道,分流處理目前行動通訊網路之漫遊的信令傳遞。採用動態更新漫遊用戶資料機制,降低各電信核心網路元件的運算資源,使漫遊的話務能採用更直接的路徑方式進行路由。
本研究所提出的方法,根據數學理論推導驗證可以發現,漫遊路由成本,不論是路由所需經過的國家數、網路元件數以及營運商連結數等,都能有效降低。模擬實驗結果也顯示,本研究方法能有效降低漫遊呼叫接通的時間,並能提升行動通訊網路前端網路元件的運算效能。在避免Tromboning和Triangular等路由問題的同時,降低營運商的話務路由成本,進而降低漫遊通話費用,提升用戶對漫遊通話使用率,達成雙贏局面。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The ways of transferring signaling of international roaming, abbreviated to roaming in the following, in mobile communication network evolve from satellite communications, submarine cable communications, etc. The huge maintenance cost of telecommunication infrastructure results in high charge of a roaming call. Through the advancement of mobile communication network technologies, the emergent Over The Top (OTT) applications had been widely spread and began to replace the ways of legacy roaming calls. However, the saving call products still popular is due to OTT services are inferior to those of mobile communication in terms of voice quality and mobility. Apart from this, both parties of OTT services are subject to the same application software, e.g. LINE cannot communicate with WeChat.
Since roaming traffic should be delivered through the routing protocol between local service network and international cooperative operators, it may cause Tromboning and Triangular problems. Operators, should thus increase the cost of interconnection due to the corporation among international operators. To resolve the problems, we propose to use roaming gateways based on the underlying infrastructure without adding components to the existing telecommunication core network. Roaming gateways can assist in separate processing of roaming signals delivery of the current mobile communication networks. The proposed method adopts the current registration model when roaming users visit a service network. Aside from this, the method dynamically updates users’ data in order to reduce the use of computing resources of core network components. The method is proved to be able to choose more direct paths in making roaming calls.
The proposed method is verified by both mathematical analysis and simulations. The mathematical analysis proves that the proposed method is able to reduce roaming routing cost in terms of numbers of countries, network components and interconnected operators. The simulations show that the proposed method is able to shorten the answering time of roaming calls and enhance the computation efficiency of the front-end components of mobile communication network. In summary, the proposed method is able to solve the routing problems of Tromboning and Triangular as well as reduce the traffic routing cost of operators. As the result, the operators will be able to offer better tariff to users.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.1 行動國際漫遊通話模式的演進 1
1.1.2 行動國際漫遊通話之節費產品 2
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 論文架構 5
第二章 背景知識與相關研究 6
2.1 行動國際漫遊機制 6
2.2 相關研究 13
2.2.1 漫遊用戶配置一卡多號或多卡多號之方法 13
2.2.2 採用漫遊閘道進行路由轉發之方法 14
2.2.3 改變發話方呼叫時的撥號方式之方法 17
2.2.4 受話方呼叫發話方的回撥機制之方法 18
2.2.5 終端裝置安裝相關軟體之方法 19
2.2.6 相關研究總結 20
第三章 研究方法 23
3.1 問題分析 23
3.1.1 通話情境案例 23
3.1.2 行動國際漫遊現況主要問題 27
3.2 研究方法 27
3.2.1 功能介紹 27
3.2.2 功能說明 30
3.3 理論推導驗證 45
3.3.1 降低路由總物件成本數 45
3.3.2 降低路由所需經過的國家數(Tromboning/Triangular問題) 57
3.3.3 降低路由所需經過的網元數 60
3.3.4 降低路由所需經過的營運商連結數 62
3.3.5 降低漫遊呼叫所需時間 65
第四章 模擬實驗與分析 76
4.1 模擬環境 76
4.2 實驗設計 76
4.3 實驗結果與分析 80
4.3.1 實驗一:漫遊呼叫時的Tromboning問題 80
4.3.2 實驗二:漫遊呼叫時的Triangular問題 82
4.3.3 實驗三:簡化呼叫來源為UE的VLR/MSC程序 84
4.3.4 實驗四:改用漫遊閘道的呼叫時間 87
第五章 結論與未來研究 90
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2908712 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104971020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際漫遊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) OTTzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tromboningzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Triangularzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網路元件zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International roamingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Over The Top (OTT)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tromboningen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Network componenten_US
dc.title (題名) 行動國際漫遊之路由最佳化zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Mobile international roaming with route optimizationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] 28TEL,http://linkwell.cc/vpbx/product_roaming.html#,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[2] 3GPP,"Support of Optimal Routeing (SOR);Service definition; Stage 1",3GPP TS_22.079、version_13.0.0(R13),2015.
[3] Chen, Y.-K., Lin, Y.-B. and Liou, R.-H., "Reducing international call costs for roamer to roamer calls", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Volume 59, Issue 8, Pages 4131-4134, October 2010.
[4] Chih-Lin Hu, "A backward update strategy for location management in personal communication networks",IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC,Volume 4, 2004, Pages 2674-2678,5-8 Sept. 2004.
[5] Cho, Y.-J., Lin, Y.-B., Rao and H.C.-H., "Reducing the network cost of call delivery to GSM roamers", IEEE Network,Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages 19-25,September 1997.
[6] GSMA,"Guidelines and Testing for Optimal Routing-Service definition(Stage 1 Testing)",GSMA IR.37 Version 3.0.0,2015/04/07.
[7] GSMA,"IMS Roaming and Interworking Guidelines Version 15.0",GSMA,2014/10/28.
[8] GSMA,"LTE and EPC Roaming Guidelines Version 13.1",GSMA,2015/07/16.
[9] KnowRoaming,https://www.knowroaming.com/#faq1,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[10] Lin, Y.-B., "Eliminating tromboning mobile call setup for international roaming users", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 320-325, January 2009.
[11] Lin, Y.-B., "Reducing international roaming call costs with multiple mobile phone numbers", IEEE Communications Letters, Volume 12, Issue 7, Pages 529-531, July 2008.
[12] Lin, Y.-B., Liou, R.-H., Chen, Y.-K., Gan and C.-H., "A handset-based solution for reducing international roaming costs", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 1627-1635, May 2011.
[13] Martin Sauter,"From GSM to LTE-Advanced: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband 2nd Edition",wiley,July 2014.
[14] Mobal,https://www.mobal.com/international-gsm-sim-card/,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[15] Mobile number portability,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_number_portability,retrieved date:2017/02/01.
[16] onesimcard,http://www.onesimcard.com/faq/?groupid=1,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[17] sim2travel,http://www.sim2travel.com,retrieved date:2016/08/27.
[18] Yi-Bing Lin, Imrich Chlamtac,"Wireless and mobile network architectures",John Wiley,October 2000.
[19] 大公財經,運營商面對OTT挑戰尋求RCS機遇,中國通信產業網,retrieved date:2015/12/26.
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