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題名 設計行動應用程式以增加運動依從性之研究－使用設計科學方法
A mobile application for adherence improvement on exercise plan－using a design science approach作者 孫若庭
Sun, Ruo Ting貢獻者 張欣綠
Chang, Hsin Lu
孫若庭
Sun, Ruo Ting關鍵詞 說服準則
設計科學
ResearchKit
MBTI適性測驗
Persuasive principles
Design science
ResearchKit
Myer-Briggs type indicator日期 2017 上傳時間 10-八月-2017 09:45:50 (UTC+8) 摘要 運動依從性在健康管理議題裡是非常重要的一環，現在的人經常感到身體不適而診斷結果卻正常，這種現象根據世界衛生組織的定義為「亞健康」或「健康的灰色地帶」。在高壓的工作環境或不正常的生活作息下，最容易有這些徵狀，儘管大家都知道長期規律的運動可以促進健康，實際實行的狀況卻不如預期的好。為了改善此狀況，本研究透過蘋果公司的套件(ResearchKit)開發行動應用程式來幫助使用者增加運動依從性。此套件內建許多模組供開發者與研究人員使用，如聲明宣告與問卷模組等，讓整個研究、開發流程更為快速有效。本研究流程遵行設計科學方法論來創造一個設計實體，即為本研究開發的應用程式「Active Track」。在設計階段，本研究採用了「說服設計準則」中的「Tailoring」與「Reminder」設計方法，意圖強化、形塑甚或改變使用者對於目標行為的態度，透過本應用程式來激勵使用者改變自身行為，達到目標設定。目前市面上許多健康管理的應用程式皆已證實個性與說服科技之間的相關性，因此本研究採用了MBTI適性分析工具並設計出相對應的激勵文字訊息，期望透過此設計實體來協助使用者增加運動依從性。在第一階段的實驗評估，我們於166個下載人次當中篩選出87個有效樣本來比較樣本之間的表現，其中有54人有接收激勵文字訊息，33人則無。平均而言，那些有收到激勵文字訊息的受測者，完成率較沒有收到激勵文字訊息的受試者高出百分之十五。然而在訊息類型與個性是否相符的比較實驗當中，訊息符合與不符合使用者個性的結果之間並無顯著差異。本研究之結果僅顯示出透過激勵文字訊息可以有效督促使用者完成運動目標。在第二階段的實驗中加入了「訊息重複性」、「回饋機制」因子來改良應用程式，研究結果顯示訊息的重複整體而言可以提升百分之二十三的完成率，其中適性結果為「理性」的受測者則有百分之二十七的提升，然而回饋機制設計在本研究並無統計顯著。在兩階段的設計循環下，本研究證實透過Active Track重複地傳送激勵文字訊息可以協助使用者增加運動依從性，進而降低罹患疾病的風險，研究結果對於未來說服系統之開發以及其他醫療領域提升依從性之相關研究也提供了良好的參考價值。
Adherence to an exercise schedule is valuable for health management. Nowadays, most people have experienced uncomfortable feelings but diagnostic data are normal. The phenomenon is called ‘sub-health’ condition, which is a state between health and disease. People are likely to experience discomfort if their working environment is stressful and their lifestyle is unhealthy. Therefore, a long period of commitment to adhere to physical activity programs is beneficial for people’s health. Although people would benefit from support to increase exercise compliance, adherence to physical activity plans is often very low. To address these shortcomings, this paper introduces a low-cost method–an iOS application developed using Apple Inc.’s ResearchKit–to help people adhere to their physical activity plans. ResearchKit provides various modules such as consent declaration and survey task for helping researchers create a research app more efficiently. We applied design science methodology to create a design artifact, namely Active Track.By including the “Tailoring” and the “Reminder” persuasive principles in Active Track to develop, strengthen, or change attitudes or behaviors, the design artifact can act as support instruments that stimulate and encourage users to comply with target behavior. Because studies of health-promotion apps have identified the correlations between personality and persuasive technology, we used the Myer–Briggs Type Indicator personality assessment to design motivational messages for each type of personality as a text reminder in Active Track.In the first evaluation stage of Active Track, we identified 87 valid participants (54 with motivational messages and 33 without motivational messages) from 166 downloads for performance comparison. On average, the completion rates of participants who were presented with motivational messages were 15% higher, but the difference in message matching experiment was not significant. The results demonstrated that our design approach is able to improve adherence on exercise plans by providing users with motivated messages. Therefore, we implemented repetitiveness and feedback intervention in a further design iteration and evaluated the improvement in Active Track by using these two new factors. The results showed that the repetitiveness factor enhanced the completion rate by approximately 23%; in particular, participants who were identified as having Thinking-type MBTI personalities exhibited an improvement of approximately 27% due to repetitive messages. However, feedback information had no significant effect on adherence.In summary, the findings of this study confirmed that Active Track can help individuals to improve their exercise adherence through repetitive motivational messages, reduce the risk of diseases, and provide useful insights for the future development of persuasive systems and studies into adherence enhancement for health care.參考文獻 References Ammons, R. B. (1956). Effects of knowledge of performance: A survey and tentative theoretical formulation. The Journal of general psychology, 54(2), 279-299.Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta‐analysis. Personnel psychology, 44(1), 1-26.Burgio, L. D., Engel, B. T., Hawkins, A., McCormick, K., Scheve, A., & Jones, L. T. (1990). A staff management system for maintaining improvements in continence with elderly nursing home residents. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23(1), 111-118.Carskadon, T. G. (1979). Clinical and counseling aspects of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: A research review. Research in Psychological Type, 2(4), 2-31.Car, J., Gurol-Urganci, I., de Jongh, T., Vodopivec-Jamsek, V., & Atun, R. (2008). Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at scheduled healthcare appointments. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4).Clore, G. L., & Gasper, K. (2000). Feeling is believing: Some affective influences on belief. Emotions and beliefs: How feelings influence thoughts, 10-44.Cui, M., Wu, X., Mao, J., Wang, X., & Nie, M. (2016). T2DM self-management via smartphone applications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 11(11), e0166718.Finitsis, D. J., Pellowski, J. A., & Johnson, B. T. (2014). Text message intervention designs to promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS one, 9(2), e88166.Fogg, B. J. (2002). Persuasive technology: using computers to change what we think and do. Ubiquity, 2002(December), 5.Fox, S., & Duggan, M. (2012). Mobile Health 2012. Pew Research Center. Retrieved December, 12, 2012.Geuens, J., Swinnen, T. W., Westhovens, R., De Vlam, K., Geurts, L., & Abeele, V. V. (2016). A review of persuasive principles in mobile apps for chronic arthritis patients: opportunities for improvement. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 4(4).Sofia, G., Marianna, S., George, L., & Panos, K. (2016, August). Investigating the Role of Personality Traits and Influence Strategies on the Persuasive Effect of Personalized Recommendations. In 4 th Workshop on Emotions and Personality in Personalized Systems (EMPIRE) 2016 (p. 9).Goltz, S. M., Citera, M., Jensen, M., Favero, J., & Komaki, J. L. (1990). Individual feedback. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 10(2), 77-92.Graff, W. S. (1976). The effectiveness of systematic desensitization in the reduction of test anxiety in Jungian thinking versus feeling personality types (Doctoral dissertation, ProQuest Information & Learning).Halko, S., & Kientz, J. (2010). Personality and persuasive technology: an exploratory study on health-promoting mobile applications. Persuasive technology, 150-161.Holländer, H. M. (2016). The influence of persuasive technology in modern health care: a systematic review of the influence of persuasive technology on the effectiveness of health interventions and its influence on adherence (Master`s thesis, University of Twente).Harjumaa, M., & Oinas-Kukkonen, H. (2007). An analysis of the persuasiveness of smoking cessation web sites. In Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology. CWC, University of Oulu Oulu.Horvath, T., Azman, H., Kennedy, G. E., & Rutherford, G. W. (2012). Mobile phone text messaging for promoting adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. The Cochrane Library.Jinkerson, J., Masilla, A., & Hawkins, R. C. (2015). Can MBTI Dimensions Predict Therapy Outcome: Differences in the Thinking-Feeling Function Pair in CBT. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 18(1).Kim, D., & Benbasat, I. (2006). The effects of trust-assuring arguments on consumer trust in Internet stores: Application of Toulmin`s model of argumentation. Information Systems Research, 17(3), 286-300.Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory.Golden, L. L., & Johnson, K. A. (1983). The impact of sensory preference and thinking versus feeling appeals on advertising effectiveness. ACR North American Advances.Malone, T. W. (1983). How do people organize their desks? : Implications for the design of office information systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), 1(1), 99-112.Marcano Belisario, J. S., Huckvale, K., Greenfield, G., Car, J., & Gunn, L. H. (2013). Smartphone and tablet self-management apps for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 11(11).Martin, T. (2012). Assessing mHealth: opportunities and barriers to patient engagement. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 23(3), 935-941.Haghshenas, M., Shahbazi, R., Sadeghzadeh, A., & Nassiriyar, M. MBTI Personality Temperaments Assessment and Audience Persuasion in Using Media.Matthews, J., Win, K. T., Oinas-Kukkonen, H., & Freeman, M. (2016). Persuasive technology in mobile applications promoting physical activity: a systematic review. Journal of medical systems, 40(3), 1.Mosa, A. S. M., Yoo, I., & Sheets, L. (2012). A systematic review of healthcare applications for smartphones. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 12(1), 67.Murphy, S. T., & Zajonc, R. B. (1993). Affect, cognition, and awareness: affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures. Journal of personality and social psychology, 64(5), 723.Myers, I. B., McCaulley, M. H., & Most, R. (1985). Manual, a guide to the development and use of the Myers-Briggs type indicator. Consulting Psychologists Press.Myers, I. B., McCaulley, M. H., Quenk, N. L., & Hammer, A. L. (1998). MBTI manual: A guide to the development and use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Vol. 3). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Mayer, N. D., & Tormala, Z. L. (2010). “Think” versus “feel” framing effects in persuasion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(4), 443-454.Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2007). A design science research methodology for information systems research. Journal of management information systems, 24(3), 45-77.Goodwin, R. D., & Friedman, H. S. (2006). Health status and the five-factor personality traits in a nationally representative sample. Journal of health psychology, 11(5), 643-654.Shuttleworth, F. A. (2015). The relation between persuasive technology and personality (Master`s thesis, University of Twente).Thakkar, J., Kurup, R., Laba, T. L., Santo, K., Thiagalingam, A., Rodgers, A. & Chow, C. K. (2016). Mobile telephone text messaging for medication adherence in chronic disease: a meta-analysis. JAMA internal medicine, 176(3), 340-349.Toulmin, S. E. (2003). The uses of argument. Cambridge university press.Verhulst, B., Lodge, M., & Lavine, H. (2010). The attractiveness halo: Why some candidates are perceived more favorably than others. Journal of nonverbal behavior, 34(2), 111-117.Verrier, D. B. (2012). Evidence for the influence of the mere-exposure effect on voting in the Eurovision Song Contest. Judgment and Decision Making, 7(5), 639.Zajonc, R. B. (1968). Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 9(2p2), 1.Zielske, H. A. (1982). Does day-after recall penalize" feeling" ads? . Journal of Advertising Research. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理學系
102356004資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102356004 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 張欣綠 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Hsin Lu en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 孫若庭 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Sun, Ruo Ting en_US dc.creator (作者) 孫若庭 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Sun, Ruo Ting en_US dc.date (日期) 2017 en_US dc.date.accessioned 10-八月-2017 09:45:50 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 10-八月-2017 09:45:50 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 10-八月-2017 09:45:50 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0102356004 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/111741 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 資訊管理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102356004 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 運動依從性在健康管理議題裡是非常重要的一環，現在的人經常感到身體不適而診斷結果卻正常，這種現象根據世界衛生組織的定義為「亞健康」或「健康的灰色地帶」。在高壓的工作環境或不正常的生活作息下，最容易有這些徵狀，儘管大家都知道長期規律的運動可以促進健康，實際實行的狀況卻不如預期的好。為了改善此狀況，本研究透過蘋果公司的套件(ResearchKit)開發行動應用程式來幫助使用者增加運動依從性。此套件內建許多模組供開發者與研究人員使用，如聲明宣告與問卷模組等，讓整個研究、開發流程更為快速有效。本研究流程遵行設計科學方法論來創造一個設計實體，即為本研究開發的應用程式「Active Track」。在設計階段，本研究採用了「說服設計準則」中的「Tailoring」與「Reminder」設計方法，意圖強化、形塑甚或改變使用者對於目標行為的態度，透過本應用程式來激勵使用者改變自身行為，達到目標設定。目前市面上許多健康管理的應用程式皆已證實個性與說服科技之間的相關性，因此本研究採用了MBTI適性分析工具並設計出相對應的激勵文字訊息，期望透過此設計實體來協助使用者增加運動依從性。在第一階段的實驗評估，我們於166個下載人次當中篩選出87個有效樣本來比較樣本之間的表現，其中有54人有接收激勵文字訊息，33人則無。平均而言，那些有收到激勵文字訊息的受測者，完成率較沒有收到激勵文字訊息的受試者高出百分之十五。然而在訊息類型與個性是否相符的比較實驗當中，訊息符合與不符合使用者個性的結果之間並無顯著差異。本研究之結果僅顯示出透過激勵文字訊息可以有效督促使用者完成運動目標。在第二階段的實驗中加入了「訊息重複性」、「回饋機制」因子來改良應用程式，研究結果顯示訊息的重複整體而言可以提升百分之二十三的完成率，其中適性結果為「理性」的受測者則有百分之二十七的提升，然而回饋機制設計在本研究並無統計顯著。在兩階段的設計循環下，本研究證實透過Active Track重複地傳送激勵文字訊息可以協助使用者增加運動依從性，進而降低罹患疾病的風險，研究結果對於未來說服系統之開發以及其他醫療領域提升依從性之相關研究也提供了良好的參考價值。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Adherence to an exercise schedule is valuable for health management. Nowadays, most people have experienced uncomfortable feelings but diagnostic data are normal. The phenomenon is called ‘sub-health’ condition, which is a state between health and disease. People are likely to experience discomfort if their working environment is stressful and their lifestyle is unhealthy. Therefore, a long period of commitment to adhere to physical activity programs is beneficial for people’s health. Although people would benefit from support to increase exercise compliance, adherence to physical activity plans is often very low. To address these shortcomings, this paper introduces a low-cost method–an iOS application developed using Apple Inc.’s ResearchKit–to help people adhere to their physical activity plans. ResearchKit provides various modules such as consent declaration and survey task for helping researchers create a research app more efficiently. We applied design science methodology to create a design artifact, namely Active Track.By including the “Tailoring” and the “Reminder” persuasive principles in Active Track to develop, strengthen, or change attitudes or behaviors, the design artifact can act as support instruments that stimulate and encourage users to comply with target behavior. Because studies of health-promotion apps have identified the correlations between personality and persuasive technology, we used the Myer–Briggs Type Indicator personality assessment to design motivational messages for each type of personality as a text reminder in Active Track.In the first evaluation stage of Active Track, we identified 87 valid participants (54 with motivational messages and 33 without motivational messages) from 166 downloads for performance comparison. On average, the completion rates of participants who were presented with motivational messages were 15% higher, but the difference in message matching experiment was not significant. The results demonstrated that our design approach is able to improve adherence on exercise plans by providing users with motivated messages. Therefore, we implemented repetitiveness and feedback intervention in a further design iteration and evaluated the improvement in Active Track by using these two new factors. The results showed that the repetitiveness factor enhanced the completion rate by approximately 23%; in particular, participants who were identified as having Thinking-type MBTI personalities exhibited an improvement of approximately 27% due to repetitive messages. However, feedback information had no significant effect on adherence.In summary, the findings of this study confirmed that Active Track can help individuals to improve their exercise adherence through repetitive motivational messages, reduce the risk of diseases, and provide useful insights for the future development of persuasive systems and studies into adherence enhancement for health care. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS ILIST OF TABLES IIILIST OF FIGURES IVCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 42.1 SELF-MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON MHEALTH APPS 42.2 PERSUASIVE PRINCIPLES PRESENT IN MHEALTH APPS 52.3 PERSONALITY TRAIT AND PERSUASIVE EFFECTS 62.4 MOBILE PHONE TEXT MESSAGING EFFECTS ON ADHERENCE 62.5 MESSAGE DESIGN AND PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT TOOL 72.6 MESSAGE DEVELOPMENT 9CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH APPROACH 113.1 DESIGN SCIENCE 113.2 ARTIFACT 133.3 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 153.3.1 Participants 153.3.2 Personality assessment 163.3.3 Message design 163.3.4 Test Design and Hypothesis 173.4 ANALYSIS AND ADJUSTMENT 19CHAPTER 4. EVALUATION AND REFINEMENT 204.1 ANALYSIS IN THE FIRST DESIGN CYCLE 204.2 IMPROVEMENT POSSIBILITIES 224.2.1 The impact of repetitiveness 224.2.2 The impact of feedback 234.3 DESIGN ITERATION: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN CYCLE TWO 244.3.1 Design for Repetitiveness factor 254.3.2 Design for Feedback factor 25CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS RESULTS 265.1 Analysis in the second design cycle 265.2 Summary of Results and Discussion 29CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 326.1 Summary 326.2 Limitation and future work 326.3 Contribution 34REFERENCES 35APPENDIX A 40APPENDIX B 45APPENDIX C 49 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1918009 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102356004 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 說服準則 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 設計科學 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) ResearchKit zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) MBTI適性測驗 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Persuasive principles en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Design science en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) ResearchKit en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Myer-Briggs type indicator en_US dc.title (題名) 設計行動應用程式以增加運動依從性之研究－使用設計科學方法 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A mobile application for adherence improvement on exercise plan－using a design science approach en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) References Ammons, R. B. (1956). Effects of knowledge of performance: A survey and tentative theoretical formulation. The Journal of general psychology, 54(2), 279-299.Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta‐analysis. Personnel psychology, 44(1), 1-26.Burgio, L. D., Engel, B. T., Hawkins, A., McCormick, K., Scheve, A., & Jones, L. T. (1990). A staff management system for maintaining improvements in continence with elderly nursing home residents. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23(1), 111-118.Carskadon, T. G. (1979). Clinical and counseling aspects of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: A research review. Research in Psychological Type, 2(4), 2-31.Car, J., Gurol-Urganci, I., de Jongh, T., Vodopivec-Jamsek, V., & Atun, R. (2008). Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at scheduled healthcare appointments. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4).Clore, G. L., & Gasper, K. (2000). Feeling is believing: Some affective influences on belief. Emotions and beliefs: How feelings influence thoughts, 10-44.Cui, M., Wu, X., Mao, J., Wang, X., & Nie, M. (2016). T2DM self-management via smartphone applications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 11(11), e0166718.Finitsis, D. J., Pellowski, J. A., & Johnson, B. T. (2014). Text message intervention designs to promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS one, 9(2), e88166.Fogg, B. J. (2002). Persuasive technology: using computers to change what we think and do. Ubiquity, 2002(December), 5.Fox, S., & Duggan, M. (2012). Mobile Health 2012. Pew Research Center. Retrieved December, 12, 2012.Geuens, J., Swinnen, T. W., Westhovens, R., De Vlam, K., Geurts, L., & Abeele, V. V. (2016). A review of persuasive principles in mobile apps for chronic arthritis patients: opportunities for improvement. 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