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題名 巨量資料與隱私權─個人資料保護機制的再思考
Big data and privacy: Rethinking personal data protection mechanisms作者 鍾孝宇
Chung, Hsiao Yu貢獻者 陳起行
Chen, Chi Shing
鍾孝宇
Chung, Hsiao Yu關鍵詞 巨量資料
演算法
隱私權
個人主體性發展空間
公民社會
監控
監控資本主義
全景敞視治理
調控治理
個人資料保護機制
GDPR日期 2017 上傳時間 13-九月-2017 14:56:49 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文主張，隱私是公民社會的構成元素，它保障個人在社會建構的形塑之下，保有日常行為實踐的能動性，得在自我自主經驗與社會建構的來回探索之間，生成個人的主體性。這個動態的主體性發展空間，使我們得以開拓環境中的意外發現並建立心智的批判獨立性，具備如此公民特質的社會，才有能力促進自我決定、創新、人際交往互動等實踐可能性，形塑健全的公民社會。然而，巨量資料在數位環境中，正全面影響我們日常行為實踐的模式。巨量資料以統計相關性的知識論與方法論，形成不同的洞察與價值，其以資料驅動技術所辨識出的現象模式，建立其宣稱的客觀性優勢。巨量資料脈絡下的數位技術物，不僅是日常生活的輔助工具，而毋寧是我們個人感官的延伸，其精巧的影響我們與周遭世界的關係，積極介入、給予指示、引導行為，甚至定義我們的身分，調整、調控我們的行為。作為一種知識生產與治理模式，巨量資料的監控本質對於個人或群體所加諸的權力作用，將削弱個人主體性的發展空間，進而影響健全的公民社會發展，形成新型態的、難以察覺的隱私權侵害風險。並且，本文認為，商業監控結合監控資本主義邏輯的調控治理，對於公民社會的傷害更鉅。面臨如此的風險，本文指出作為資訊社會產物的現行個人資料保護機制，無法回應數位環境中巨量資料隱私威脅的三個因素：個人資料性質的改變、告知與同意機制的失敗、資料汙染。並在奠基於隱私權的社會價值理論之上，提出三種原則性建議：巨量資料的應用倫理、巨量資料利用的正當程序原則、社會責任與自律規範。在原則性建議以外，亦將視角拉回我國的個人資料保護機制，參考歐盟一般資料保護規則的相關立法，建議我國應盡速設置專責之資料保護監管機構，並提供具體的個人資料保護規範修法方向：創設涵蓋資料保護影響評估的資料管理機制、建置組織內部資料利用監督機制、以及創設使用者的資料可攜權。 參考文獻 壹、 中文參考文獻一、 書籍江宜樺（2001），自由民主的理路，聯經。李偉俠（2005），知識與權力：對科學主義的反思，揚智文化。涂子沛（2013），大數據：數據革命如何改變政府、商業與我們的生活，香港中和。二、 翻譯書Aldous Lenrard Huxley著，黎陽譯（1973），美麗新世界，志文出版社。Anthony Giddens著，簡惠美譯（1991），資本主義與現代社會理論：馬克思、涂爾幹、韋伯，遠流。Michel Foucault著，劉北成、楊遠嬰譯（1992），規訓的懲罰：監獄的誕生，桂冠。Herbert I. 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國立政治大學
法律學系
101651059資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1016510592 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳起行 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Chi Shing en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 鍾孝宇 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Chung, Hsiao Yu en_US dc.creator (作者) 鍾孝宇 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chung, Hsiao Yu en_US dc.date (日期) 2017 en_US dc.date.accessioned 13-九月-2017 14:56:49 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 13-九月-2017 14:56:49 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 13-九月-2017 14:56:49 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G1016510592 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/112702 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101651059 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文主張，隱私是公民社會的構成元素，它保障個人在社會建構的形塑之下，保有日常行為實踐的能動性，得在自我自主經驗與社會建構的來回探索之間，生成個人的主體性。這個動態的主體性發展空間，使我們得以開拓環境中的意外發現並建立心智的批判獨立性，具備如此公民特質的社會，才有能力促進自我決定、創新、人際交往互動等實踐可能性，形塑健全的公民社會。然而，巨量資料在數位環境中，正全面影響我們日常行為實踐的模式。巨量資料以統計相關性的知識論與方法論，形成不同的洞察與價值，其以資料驅動技術所辨識出的現象模式，建立其宣稱的客觀性優勢。巨量資料脈絡下的數位技術物，不僅是日常生活的輔助工具，而毋寧是我們個人感官的延伸，其精巧的影響我們與周遭世界的關係，積極介入、給予指示、引導行為，甚至定義我們的身分，調整、調控我們的行為。作為一種知識生產與治理模式，巨量資料的監控本質對於個人或群體所加諸的權力作用，將削弱個人主體性的發展空間，進而影響健全的公民社會發展，形成新型態的、難以察覺的隱私權侵害風險。並且，本文認為，商業監控結合監控資本主義邏輯的調控治理，對於公民社會的傷害更鉅。面臨如此的風險，本文指出作為資訊社會產物的現行個人資料保護機制，無法回應數位環境中巨量資料隱私威脅的三個因素：個人資料性質的改變、告知與同意機制的失敗、資料汙染。並在奠基於隱私權的社會價值理論之上，提出三種原則性建議：巨量資料的應用倫理、巨量資料利用的正當程序原則、社會責任與自律規範。在原則性建議以外，亦將視角拉回我國的個人資料保護機制，參考歐盟一般資料保護規則的相關立法，建議我國應盡速設置專責之資料保護監管機構，並提供具體的個人資料保護規範修法方向：創設涵蓋資料保護影響評估的資料管理機制、建置組織內部資料利用監督機制、以及創設使用者的資料可攜權。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 問題意識與研究動機 1第二節 研究範圍與方法 4第一項 文獻研究 5第一款 古典文獻研究 5第二款 專書、論文、期刊、政府文件 5第三款 網路文本 6第二項 比較法研究 6第三節 研究架構 6第二章 巨量資料的定義、發展與應用模式 8第一節 何謂巨量資料 8第一項 巨量資料之字源與發展 8第二項 巨量資料之定義 13第一款 容量（volume） 14第二款 速度（velocity） 15第三款 多樣性（variety） 16第四款 其他定義 17第三項 巨量資料之發展現況 19第一款 產業現況 19第二款 各國政策發展現況 231. 美國 232. 歐盟 243. 我國 25第二節 巨量資料的商業應用 26第三節 巨量資料與公共治理 31第一項 城市治理 32第二項 醫療 33第三項 犯罪預防 34第三章 隱私與隱私權的社會價值 37第一節 隱私及（資訊）隱私權的發展─歷史、概念與定義 37第一項 隱私的歷史考察簡述與隱私權的起源 37第一款 隱私的歷史考察簡述 37第二款 隱私權的起源 40第二項 隱私權的承認與概念形塑 43第三項 資訊隱私權的提出 51第四項 小結 53第二節 隱私已死？─重探隱私權的價值 54第一項 隱私與個人主體性發展「空間」 55第二項 隱私的社會價值 61第一款 隱私與民主體制 64第二款 隱私與創新 66第三款 隱私與人際交往互動 69第三項 本文對於當代隱私權價值的理解 74第四章 巨量資料監控對於隱私權的系統性挑戰 78第一節 巨量資料的政府監控與商業監控 78第一項 政府監控 78第一款 公私部門相互交織的權力體系 83第二款 監控作為治理技術的全面日常生活化 85第三款 新型態的隱私侵害 881. 先發預測（preemptive predictions） 892. 資料歧視（data discrimination） 913. 錯誤分類（missorting） 95第二項 商業監控 96第一款 個人資料的價值與商品化 96第二款 監控資本主義 98第二節 知識、權力與看不見的社會傷害 104第一項 「全景敞視」治理 105第一款 自我監控的寒蟬效應 113第二款 分類的客觀性迷思 116第二項 超越「全景敞視」─調控治理 118第一款 自我決定與民主體制 126第二款 意外發現與創新 130第五章 個人資料保護機制的再思考 134第一節 現行個人資料保護機制因應巨量資料挑戰的困境 134第一項 個人資料性質的改變 134第二項 告知與同意機制的失敗 139第三項 資料汙染 149第二節 個人資料保護機制的再思考 150第一項 巨量資料的應用倫理 153第二項 建立巨量資料利用的正當程序原則 158第三項 社會責任與自律規範 162第四項 我國個人資料保護機制之修正建議 165第一款 盡速設置專責的資料保護監管機構 166第二款 個人資料保護法的建議修正方向 1691. 資料管理機制 1692. 內部監督機制 1713. 使用者自主權與資料可攜權 173第六章 結論 175參考文獻 178壹、 中文參考文獻 178貳、 英文參考文獻 185 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3928672 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1016510592 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巨量資料 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 演算法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 隱私權 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 個人主體性發展空間 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公民社會 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 監控 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 監控資本主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全景敞視治理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 調控治理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 個人資料保護機制 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) GDPR en_US dc.title (題名) 巨量資料與隱私權─個人資料保護機制的再思考 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Big data and privacy: Rethinking personal data protection mechanisms en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、 中文參考文獻一、 書籍江宜樺（2001），自由民主的理路，聯經。李偉俠（2005），知識與權力：對科學主義的反思，揚智文化。涂子沛（2013），大數據：數據革命如何改變政府、商業與我們的生活，香港中和。二、 翻譯書Aldous Lenrard Huxley著，黎陽譯（1973），美麗新世界，志文出版社。Anthony Giddens著，簡惠美譯（1991），資本主義與現代社會理論：馬克思、涂爾幹、韋伯，遠流。Michel Foucault著，劉北成、楊遠嬰譯（1992），規訓的懲罰：監獄的誕生，桂冠。Herbert I. 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