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題名 居住地區劣勢、社會資本與勞動市場表現
Disadvantage of residential area, social capital and labor market outcomes
作者 盧科位
貢獻者 熊瑞梅
盧科位
關鍵詞 居住地區劣勢
社會資本
勞動市場表現
Disadvantage of Residential Area
Social Capital
Labor Market Outcomes
日期 2017
上傳時間 13-九月-2017 15:18:48 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文主要探討居住地區劣勢、社會資本與勞動市場表現的問題，主要分成三個部份：臺灣鄉鎮市區劣勢程度的長期變遷，居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係，以及居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係，以便瞭解臺灣鄉鎮市區劣勢程度的變遷情形、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係是否受到居住地區劣勢程度的影響，以及動員社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係是否受到居住地區劣勢程度的影響。
在臺灣鄉鎮市區劣勢程度的長期變遷方面，本文採用1956-2010年等六年鄉鎮市區人口普查資料來建構地區劣勢指標。在地區劣勢指標項目的選擇上，本文選擇了農業從業人口比例、高中以下教育人口比例，以及人口密度等三項指標，並且透過因素分析的最大變異法構成一個名為「地區劣勢」的因子。除了1956年的農業從業人口比例之因素負荷量為最大之外，其餘年份均以高中以下教育程度人口比例的因素負荷量為最大。這樣因素萃取的結果顯示出臺灣地區劣勢的形成有很大的部份是與人口的教育程度有關。另方面，根據GIS所描繪的地圖，可以清楚的看到發展相對優勢的地區主要是集中在北部地區，並且繼續擴展中，而這些地區主要涵蓋隸屬臺北市、新北市、基隆市、桃園市及新竹市的鄉鎮市區。
在居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係上，本文主要採用2004年臺灣地區第一波社會資本調查資料來探討的問題為居住地區劣勢、個人背景與觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）和居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）與勞動市場表現兩項問題。在居住地區劣勢、個人背景與觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）方面，本文採階層線性模型來估計之。估計結果顯示，觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）確實有地區不平等的現象，並且與居住地區劣勢有關，因為當僅放入居住地區劣勢時，居住地區劣勢對觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）有顯著的負面影響，即居住地區劣勢程度越高，觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）越不好，並且截距項的顯著性就消失了，顯示觸及社會資本的不平等是與居住地區劣勢程度有關。然而，當放入個人背景時，個人的年齡、教育程度和工作經驗對觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）有顯著的正面影響，並且居住地區劣勢的顯著性消失了。在居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）與勞動市場表現方面，居住地區劣勢和觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）均對薪資有顯著的正面影響，然而居住地區劣勢和觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）的交互作用項對薪資沒有任何的顯著影響，即觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）對薪資的影響，不因居住地區劣勢程度不同而有所差異。
在居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係上，本文主要採用2004年臺灣地區第一波社會資本調查資料來探討之。按照居住地區劣勢程度，本文將分析樣本分成四份（第一等級、第二等級、第三等級和第四等級），並且發現到居住地區劣勢對觸及社會資本有負面影響，特別是第四等級。另外，本文發現觸及社會資本與動員介紹人、弱聯繫與介紹人資源和動員社會資本與勞動市場表現等關係，均受到居住地區劣勢程度的不同而有差異，可見林南的動員社會資本模型並非一體適用，僅有在特定的鄰里/地區脈絡下，才有成立的可能性。
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
社會學系
96254503
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0962545033
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 熊瑞梅zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 盧科位zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 盧科位zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 13-九月-2017 15:18:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 13-九月-2017 15:18:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 13-九月-2017 15:18:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0962545033en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/112759-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 社會學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96254503zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文主要探討居住地區劣勢、社會資本與勞動市場表現的問題，主要分成三個部份：臺灣鄉鎮市區劣勢程度的長期變遷，居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係，以及居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係，以便瞭解臺灣鄉鎮市區劣勢程度的變遷情形、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係是否受到居住地區劣勢程度的影響，以及動員社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係是否受到居住地區劣勢程度的影響。
在臺灣鄉鎮市區劣勢程度的長期變遷方面，本文採用1956-2010年等六年鄉鎮市區人口普查資料來建構地區劣勢指標。在地區劣勢指標項目的選擇上，本文選擇了農業從業人口比例、高中以下教育人口比例，以及人口密度等三項指標，並且透過因素分析的最大變異法構成一個名為「地區劣勢」的因子。除了1956年的農業從業人口比例之因素負荷量為最大之外，其餘年份均以高中以下教育程度人口比例的因素負荷量為最大。這樣因素萃取的結果顯示出臺灣地區劣勢的形成有很大的部份是與人口的教育程度有關。另方面，根據GIS所描繪的地圖，可以清楚的看到發展相對優勢的地區主要是集中在北部地區，並且繼續擴展中，而這些地區主要涵蓋隸屬臺北市、新北市、基隆市、桃園市及新竹市的鄉鎮市區。
在居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係上，本文主要採用2004年臺灣地區第一波社會資本調查資料來探討的問題為居住地區劣勢、個人背景與觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）和居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）與勞動市場表現兩項問題。在居住地區劣勢、個人背景與觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）方面，本文採階層線性模型來估計之。估計結果顯示，觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）確實有地區不平等的現象，並且與居住地區劣勢有關，因為當僅放入居住地區劣勢時，居住地區劣勢對觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）有顯著的負面影響，即居住地區劣勢程度越高，觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）越不好，並且截距項的顯著性就消失了，顯示觸及社會資本的不平等是與居住地區劣勢程度有關。然而，當放入個人背景時，個人的年齡、教育程度和工作經驗對觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）有顯著的正面影響，並且居住地區劣勢的顯著性消失了。在居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）與勞動市場表現方面，居住地區劣勢和觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）均對薪資有顯著的正面影響，然而居住地區劣勢和觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）的交互作用項對薪資沒有任何的顯著影響，即觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）對薪資的影響，不因居住地區劣勢程度不同而有所差異。
在居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的關係上，本文主要採用2004年臺灣地區第一波社會資本調查資料來探討之。按照居住地區劣勢程度，本文將分析樣本分成四份（第一等級、第二等級、第三等級和第四等級），並且發現到居住地區劣勢對觸及社會資本有負面影響，特別是第四等級。另外，本文發現觸及社會資本與動員介紹人、弱聯繫與介紹人資源和動員社會資本與勞動市場表現等關係，均受到居住地區劣勢程度的不同而有差異，可見林南的動員社會資本模型並非一體適用，僅有在特定的鄰里/地區脈絡下，才有成立的可能性。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究緣起 1
第二節 研究問題 4
第二章 文獻回顧
第一節 鄰里效應研究的回顧 9
第二節 居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現 22
第三節 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與勞動市場表現 30
第三章 臺灣鄉鎮市區的地區劣勢之變遷：1956-2010年 35
第一節 資料來源 35
第二節 變項測量 36
第三節 研究步驟與方法 37
第四節 研究發現 38
第四章 居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現 47
第一節 資料來源 47
第二節 變項測量 48
第三節 研究步驟與方法 50
第四節 研究發現 55
第五章 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與勞動市場表現 63
第一節 資料來源 63
第二節 變項測量 66
第三節 研究步驟與方法 72
第四節 研究發現 76
第六章 結論與討論 108
參考文獻113


表目錄

表21 鄰里劣勢相關指標一覽表 20
表31 臺灣鄉鎮市區的地區劣勢之因素萃取：1956-2010年 35
表41 變項的平均值和標準差 54
表42 定位法與觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）56
表43觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）的因素結構 57
表44 居住地區劣勢、個人背景與觸及社會資本的階層線性模型 58
表45 居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的階層線性
模型 61
表51 變項的平均值與標準差 78
表52 定位法與觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）80
表53觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）的因素結構83
表54 個人背景、居住地區劣勢與觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）的
OLS模型 85
表55 居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）與透過他人幫助
取得現職的probit模型 88
表56 居住地區劣勢、個人背景與弱聯繫的heckprobit和probit
模型 89
表57 居住地區劣勢、弱聯繫與介紹人資源的Heckman兩階段樣本
選擇模型 93
表58 居住地區劣勢、弱聯繫與介紹人資源的OLS模型 94
表59 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與現職ISEI的Heckman兩階段
樣本選擇模型 97
表59 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與現職ISEI的Heckman兩階段
樣本選擇模型（續）99
表510 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與現職ISEI的OLS模型 101
表510 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與現職ISEI的OLS模型
（續）103
附表51 居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）與透過他人幫
助取得現職的probit模型 121
附表52 居住地區劣勢、弱聯繫與介紹人資源的Heckman兩階段樣
本選擇模型與OLS模型 123
附表53 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與現職ISEI的Heckman兩階
段樣本選擇模型 125
附表54 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與現職ISEI的OLS模型 128
附表55 居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本（擔任現職時）與透過他人幫
助取得現職的probit模型之seemingly unrelated estimation語
法與結果 131
附表56 居住地區劣勢、弱聯繫與介紹人資源的OLS模型之seeming
-ly unrelated estimation語法與結果 134
附表57 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與現職ISEI的OLS模型之
seemingly unrelated estimation語法與結果 137


圖目錄

圖21 居住地區劣勢、觸及社會資本與勞動市場表現的研究架構圖 29
圖22 居住地區劣勢、動員社會資本與勞動市場表現的研究架構圖 34
圖31 1956年臺灣鄉鎮市區的地區劣勢之變遷圖 41
圖32 1966年臺灣鄉鎮市區的地區劣勢之變遷圖 42
圖33 1980年臺灣鄉鎮市區的地區劣勢之變遷圖 43
圖34 1990年臺灣鄉鎮市區的地區劣勢之變遷圖 44
圖35 2000年臺灣鄉鎮市區的地區劣勢之變遷圖 45
圖36 2010年臺灣鄉鎮市區的地區劣勢之變遷圖 46		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0962545033en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 居住地區劣勢zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會資本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 勞動市場表現zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Disadvantage of Residential Areaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social Capitalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Labor Market Outcomesen_US
dc.title (題名) 居住地區劣勢、社會資本與勞動市場表現zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Disadvantage of residential area, social capital and labor market outcomesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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