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題名 遊戲直播平台獲利模式之個案分析-以Twitch直播平台為例
The study on profit model of the game live streaming platform- a case study of twitch作者 戴欣晟
Tai, Hsin Chen貢獻者 邱奕嘉
Chiu, Yi Chia
戴欣晟
Tai, Hsin Chen關鍵詞 網路直播平台
平台商業模式
虛擬社群
Online streaming platform
Platform business model
Virtual community日期 2017 上傳時間 2-十月-2017 10:22:24 (UTC+8) 摘要 網際網路的發展加上行動裝置的普及,導致人們觀看影音媒體的方式逐漸數位化,資策會2015年報告指出,72%台灣民眾每週至少觀看一次線上影音平台。4G時代的來臨,使得網路直播成為一種新應用,世界各地也逐漸興起一股網路直播平台的風潮,多數的直播平台雖然擁有很高的用戶流量,卻沒辦法成功的把這些用戶流量轉化為金流,高額的頻寬成本造成直播平台連年虧損。然而,Twitch卻能脫穎而出,以專攻遊戲直播市場,2015年營收高達13.6億美元,更被亞馬遜以9.7億美元將其收購。究竟直播平台應該如何獲利?如何驅動營收的成長?為本研究欲探討之問題。本研究挑選專攻遊戲直播市場的Twitch 為個案,運用多邊市場結構的概念分析Twitch的獲利模式;運用社群遞增動態循環四構面-內容、忠誠、輪廓和交易活動,分析Twitch如何驅動營收成長。本研究發現,Twitch多元的獲利模式依賴其平台所連接之多邊市場,並且對不同的市場採取不同的獲利模式。Twitch多元的獲利模式歸納為:訂閱、廣告和交易模式。另外,直播平台想要驅動營收的成長,則需專注於核心領域、提升平台內容質量和平台成員之忠誠度,才能夠有效驅動平台多元的營收成長。
The way of people watching media are changing to digitalization. According to Taiwan Institution for Information Industry’s report in 2015, 72 percent of population in Taiwan watch media through online video platform at least one time in a week. Also, the fourth generation of mobile telecommunications technology (4G) makes the application of online streaming popular, which leads more and more online streaming platforms came out all over the world. In fact, many online streaming platforms are losing money year after year, due to the huge cost of the Internet Bandwidth and without a successful profit model to transform the high volume of users into revenue. However, Twitch, which focus on game live streaming market, are very successful nowadays. Twitch claims 43% of market share in the gaming content industry and earned $3.8 billion in 2015. Also, Twitch was bought by Amazon for $970 million in 2014. Therefore, this research chooses Twitch as a research target, and focus on analysis of Twitch’s profit model and how Twitch increases its revenue through theoretical method This research finds that Twitch’s successful profit model is due to its multi-markets. Twitch uses different profit strategies on different markets. Twitch’s multiple profit models can be categorized into Subscription, Advertising, and Transaction Models. In addition, Twitch increases its revenue by focusing on core market, increasing the quality of platform contents and the loyalty of platform users.參考文獻 中文部分:陳威如與余卓軒(2013),平台策略,台北: 商周出版。陳宏民與胥莉(2007),雙邊市場:企業競爭的新視角,上海:上海人民出版社。朱道凱 譯(1998),網路商機:如何經營虛擬社群?(Net Gain ),臺北市 :臉譜。蘇芬媛(1996),「網路虛擬社區的形成:MUD之初探性研究」,國立交通大學傳播研 究所碩士論文。丁鴻裕(2013),Twitch.tv:經典遊戲賽事直播平台,資策會MIC。黃堯健(2013),線上遊戲之虛擬社群經營模式探討。國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財 產研究所碩士論文,台北市。張語珊(2015),垂直性社群平台的價值獲取策略探討。國立政治大學企業管理研究所 (MBA學位學程)碩士論文,台北市。莊志華(2016),遊戲實況產業分析-以Twitch.tv為例。長庚大學商管專業學院學位碩 士論文。英文部分:Eisenmann, T., G. Parker, and M.V. Alstyne, (2006). Strategies for two-sided markets. Harvard Business Review, 84, No.10, pp.92-101 Evans, D. S. and R. Schmalensee, (2007). Catalyst code: The strategies behind the world`s most dynamic companies, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press. Enders, A., Hungenberg, H., Denker, H. P., & Mauch, S. (2008). The long tail of social networking.: Revenue models of social networking sites. European Management Journal, 26(3), 199-211.Fernback, J., & Thompson, B. (1995). Virtual Communities: Abort, Retry, Failure?.Hagel, J., and Armstrong, (1997) A. Net gain: Expanding Markets through Virtual Communities, Mass: Harvard Business School Press, Boston.Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.Preece, J. (2000). Online communities: Designing usability and supporting socialbilty. John Wiley & Sons, Inc..Rochet, J. C., & Tirole, J. (2004). Two-sided markets: an overview. Institut ed’Economie Industrielle working paper.Rochet, J.-C. and J. Tirole, (2003). Platform competition in two-sided markets. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1, No.4, pp.990-1029. Rheingold, H. The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1993. Romm, C., Pliskin, N., and Clarke, R. “Virtual Communities and Society: Toward and Integrative Three Phase Model”, International Journal of Information Management (17:4), 1997, pp.261-270. Parker, G. G., Van Alstyne, M. W., & Choudary, S. P. (2016). Platform revolution: How networked markets are transforming the economy--and how to make them work for you. WW Norton & Company.Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Schmitz, S. (2015). Developing a Business Model for a Podcast Streaming Service: Case Study Analysis of Online Streaming Businesses and Identification of Success Factors.Deng, J., Tyson, G., Cuadrado, F., & Uhlig, S. (2017, March). Internet Scale User- Generated Live Video Streaming: The Twitch Case. In PAM (pp. 60-71).網站部分:Twitch官網,取自:http:// www.twitch.com/Twitch: The 2013 Retrospective. ,取自:https://www.twitch.tv/year/2013Twitch: The 2014 Retrospective. ,取自:https://www.twitch.tv/year/2014Twitch: The 2015 Retrospective.,取自: https://www.twitch.tv/year/2015Twitch: The 2016 Retrospective. ,取自:https://www.twitch.tv/year/2016Tiwtich.tv,維基百科,取自:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch.tvJusin.tv,維基百科,取自:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin.tvSuperdata官網,取自:https://www.superdataresearch.com/Newzoo官網,取自:https://newzoo.com/北京直播天下(2016)。2016年度中國直播行業熱度報告。北京直播天下科技股份有限 公司,取自:http://okgo.top/14925976251871500.pdf張玉城 (2017)。Bpaper品牌創新|品牌新聞|品牌規劃|品牌形象|企業內訓,取自: http://www.bpaper.org.tw/communication/twitch/硬塞的網路趨勢觀察 (2016). 抓住遊戲影音直播熱潮,Twitch 生財有道 - INSIDE 硬塞的 網路趨勢觀察,取自:https://www.inside.com.tw/2016/11/14/twitch-and-live- streamTwitch新增「盟友」實況賺收入,每月開台七天就能申請 | 4Gamers. (2017). 4Gamers 官方網站,取自:https://www.4gamers.com.tw/news/detail/31952/twitch-add- new-non-partnered-streamer-earn-profit2016年泛娛樂直播市場規模達208.3億元,使用者規模正逐漸擴大 - FunCity 方城市行 銷股份有限公司. (2017). FunCity 方城市行銷股份有限公司. 取自: http://funcity.tw/? p=3306艾瑞:2016年電競市場規模將超300億元. (2017). Kknews.cc. 取自: https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/game/gyq538.html最具代表性直播平台分類與特色介紹. (2017). 中文頭條新聞. 取自: https://www.chinatt.news/6403495660095537665.html做不做直播?先看看直播的鼻祖是谁吧! | 人人都是產品經理. (2016). Woshipm.com. 取自:http://www.woshipm.com/it/356203.html硬塞的網路趨勢觀察, I. (2016). 新眼球爭奪戰開打,你對「網路直播」知多少? - INSIDE 硬塞的網路趨勢觀察. INSIDE 硬塞的網路趨勢觀察. 取自: https://www.inside.com.tw/2016/05/20/broadcasting-live-video-online直播熱潮是泡沫嗎?還是新世代的開端?|數位時代. (2016). 數位時代. 取自: from https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/41954/live-is-bubble-or-futureChang. (2016). Twitch介紹及分析. Slideshare.net. 取自: https://www.slideshare.net/BrandMentor/twitch-64456706Live直播正夯! 淺談live直播網站"justin.tv" 和"twitch". (2014). Twblog.flipr.tv. 取自: http://twblog.flipr.tv/2014/02/live-livejustintv-twitch.html主機大廠與遊戲大廠如何面對變化?資策會分析師談遊戲市場趨勢與商機. (2017). 巴哈 姆特電玩資訊站,取自:https://gnn.gamer.com.tw/5/103175.html錢思敏(2015)電競產業觀察Part1:它是一整個生態系,機會可能比你想像中還大! | 數位時代,取自:https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/37698/BN-2015-10-19- 122720-77YiJu(2016),遊戲直播,一個最大的小眾市場,股感知識庫,取自: https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/遊戲直播,一個最大的小眾市場鈦媒體(2016)直播行业逼近拐点,这么多的亏损平台该如何续命?取自: http://www.tmtpost.com/2515662.htmlRedark Inc.(2015),Twitch使用者及行為調查,方舟數位娛樂有限公司。取自: https://www.slideshare.net/Redarkspport/twitch150702-50088015 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
104363010資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1043630101 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 邱奕嘉 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chiu, Yi Chia en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 戴欣晟 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Tai, Hsin Chen en_US dc.creator (作者) 戴欣晟 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Tai, Hsin Chen en_US dc.date (日期) 2017 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-十月-2017 10:22:24 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-十月-2017 10:22:24 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-十月-2017 10:22:24 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G1043630101 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/113321 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 104363010 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 網際網路的發展加上行動裝置的普及,導致人們觀看影音媒體的方式逐漸數位化,資策會2015年報告指出,72%台灣民眾每週至少觀看一次線上影音平台。4G時代的來臨,使得網路直播成為一種新應用,世界各地也逐漸興起一股網路直播平台的風潮,多數的直播平台雖然擁有很高的用戶流量,卻沒辦法成功的把這些用戶流量轉化為金流,高額的頻寬成本造成直播平台連年虧損。然而,Twitch卻能脫穎而出,以專攻遊戲直播市場,2015年營收高達13.6億美元,更被亞馬遜以9.7億美元將其收購。究竟直播平台應該如何獲利?如何驅動營收的成長?為本研究欲探討之問題。本研究挑選專攻遊戲直播市場的Twitch 為個案,運用多邊市場結構的概念分析Twitch的獲利模式;運用社群遞增動態循環四構面-內容、忠誠、輪廓和交易活動,分析Twitch如何驅動營收成長。本研究發現,Twitch多元的獲利模式依賴其平台所連接之多邊市場,並且對不同的市場採取不同的獲利模式。Twitch多元的獲利模式歸納為:訂閱、廣告和交易模式。另外,直播平台想要驅動營收的成長,則需專注於核心領域、提升平台內容質量和平台成員之忠誠度,才能夠有效驅動平台多元的營收成長。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The way of people watching media are changing to digitalization. According to Taiwan Institution for Information Industry’s report in 2015, 72 percent of population in Taiwan watch media through online video platform at least one time in a week. Also, the fourth generation of mobile telecommunications technology (4G) makes the application of online streaming popular, which leads more and more online streaming platforms came out all over the world. In fact, many online streaming platforms are losing money year after year, due to the huge cost of the Internet Bandwidth and without a successful profit model to transform the high volume of users into revenue. However, Twitch, which focus on game live streaming market, are very successful nowadays. Twitch claims 43% of market share in the gaming content industry and earned $3.8 billion in 2015. Also, Twitch was bought by Amazon for $970 million in 2014. Therefore, this research chooses Twitch as a research target, and focus on analysis of Twitch’s profit model and how Twitch increases its revenue through theoretical method This research finds that Twitch’s successful profit model is due to its multi-markets. Twitch uses different profit strategies on different markets. Twitch’s multiple profit models can be categorized into Subscription, Advertising, and Transaction Models. In addition, Twitch increases its revenue by focusing on core market, increasing the quality of platform contents and the loyalty of platform users. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景與動機 1第二節 研究目的與研究問題 5第三節 章節架構 6第二章 文獻探討 7第一節 平台 7第二節 虛擬社群 14第三章 研究方法與流程 22第一節 個案研究法 22第二節 研究標的選擇 25第三節 研究架構 26第四節 研究流程 27第四章 產業概況與個案介紹 29第一節 產業概況 29第二節 個案介紹 45第五章 個案分析 59第一節 多邊市場結構分析 59第二節 獲利模式分析 62第三節 報酬遞增動態循環分析 66第六章 結論與建議 74第一節 結論 74第二節 研究限制與後續研究建議 79參考文獻: 80中文部分: 80英文部分: 81網站部分: 83 zh_TW dc.format.extent 5197927 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1043630101 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網路直播平台 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 平台商業模式 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 虛擬社群 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Online streaming platform en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Platform business model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Virtual community en_US dc.title (題名) 遊戲直播平台獲利模式之個案分析-以Twitch直播平台為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The study on profit model of the game live streaming platform- a case study of twitch en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分:陳威如與余卓軒(2013),平台策略,台北: 商周出版。陳宏民與胥莉(2007),雙邊市場:企業競爭的新視角,上海:上海人民出版社。朱道凱 譯(1998),網路商機:如何經營虛擬社群?(Net Gain ),臺北市 :臉譜。蘇芬媛(1996),「網路虛擬社區的形成:MUD之初探性研究」,國立交通大學傳播研 究所碩士論文。丁鴻裕(2013),Twitch.tv:經典遊戲賽事直播平台,資策會MIC。黃堯健(2013),線上遊戲之虛擬社群經營模式探討。國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財 產研究所碩士論文,台北市。張語珊(2015),垂直性社群平台的價值獲取策略探討。國立政治大學企業管理研究所 (MBA學位學程)碩士論文,台北市。莊志華(2016),遊戲實況產業分析-以Twitch.tv為例。長庚大學商管專業學院學位碩 士論文。英文部分:Eisenmann, T., G. Parker, and M.V. Alstyne, (2006). Strategies for two-sided markets. Harvard Business Review, 84, No.10, pp.92-101 Evans, D. S. and R. Schmalensee, (2007). Catalyst code: The strategies behind the world`s most dynamic companies, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press. Enders, A., Hungenberg, H., Denker, H. P., & Mauch, S. (2008). The long tail of social networking.: Revenue models of social networking sites. European Management Journal, 26(3), 199-211.Fernback, J., & Thompson, B. (1995). Virtual Communities: Abort, Retry, Failure?.Hagel, J., and Armstrong, (1997) A. Net gain: Expanding Markets through Virtual Communities, Mass: Harvard Business School Press, Boston.Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.Preece, J. (2000). Online communities: Designing usability and supporting socialbilty. John Wiley & Sons, Inc..Rochet, J. C., & Tirole, J. (2004). Two-sided markets: an overview. 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