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題名 吃貨人生: 探索在香港Instagram上的食物影像分享
Foodie’s Life: Exploring Food Captures Sharing on Instagram in Hong Kong
作者 梁譽昭
貢獻者 林怡潔
Lin, Yi-Chieh
梁譽昭
關鍵詞 Social media
Food photography
Foodie
Opinion leader
Digital economy
Networking
日期 2017
上傳時間 3-Jan-2018 16:21:44 (UTC+8)
摘要 The “camera eats first” phenomenon has become a worldwide popular culture which affects our everyday life. The study is committed to look at the foodie behavior on Instagram in Hong Kong, a renowned gourmet paradise. Through a qualitative study of five Instagram foodies, it aims to explore and add an academic dimension of understanding of the culture from the foodie’s perspective and their online behaviors of running a public profile about daily food consumption on Instagram. The results suggested that some foodies see their profiles as the extension of themselves, a space to showcase their works and preferences; but they do not see their profile as a future business opportunity. Even though the foodies on Instagram are mostly amateur instead of professionally trained food photographers, they keep enhancing their skills by learning from their peers and constant practices, for the sake of producing attractive photos. Flat-lay is one of the most popular styles of photography on Instagram which is appreciated by the foodies, as well as the audience. Attractive food visual content and skillful labeling hashtags have made Instagram a platform to satisfy intense desire for food consumption. A foodie’s interaction with audience further enhances the consumer’s desire by offering personal comments. The findings
imply that there is a wide scale of foodies with different attitudes towards their practice of posting food images on Instagram. It is crucial for food marketers to understand their attitudes and preferences for better communication. Future research can be conducted on a broader scale of foodies to examine foodies and their influence on social class, giving marketers more ideas of effective positioning and segmentation.
參考文獻 References
Aiello, G. (2006). Theoretical advances in critical visual analysis: Perception, ideology, mythologies, and social semiotics. Journal of Visual Literacy, 26(2), 89-102.
Alexander, H. (2014, February 16). French chefs hit back at `food porn` photos in their restaurants. The telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/10641913/French-chefs-hit-back-at-food-porn-photos-in-their-restaurants.html
Babbie, E. (2016). The practice of social research. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet Research, 22(1), 57-74.
Barthes, R. (1977). Image, music, text (S. Heath, Trans.). London: Fontana Press.
Bloch, P. H., & Richins, M. L. (1983). A theoretical model for the study of product importance perceptions. The Journal of Marketing, 47 (3), 69-81.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste. Boston, MA: Harvard
Brown, D., & Hayes, N. (2008). Influencer marketing: Who really influences your customers?. Routledge.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2003). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA.
Cairns, K., Johnston, J., & Baumann, S. (2010). Caring about food: Doing gender in the foodie kitchen. Gender & Society, 24(5), 591-615.
Chan, C. (2016, August 26). 20 Hong Kong foodies to follow on Instagram. Lifestyle Asia Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://www.lifestyleasia.com/478967/20-hong-kong-foodies-to-follow-on-instagram/
Chan, G. (2015, October 5). Survey finds a quarter of Hong Kong`s working population show signs of depression and anxiety. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/1864215/hong-kong-survey-reveals-quarter-citys-working
Charmaz, K. (1983). The grounded theory method: An explication and interpretation. In R. Emerson (Ed.), Contemporary field research (pp. 109-126). Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
Cohen, D. (2016). Facebook, Instagram and Users’ ‘Behavior and Emotions’ (Study). Retrieved from http://www.adweek.com/digital/facebook-iq-facebook-instagram/
Coleman, A. D. (1998), Depth of Field: Essays on Photography, Mass Media, and Lens Culture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3-21.
Corey, L. G. (1971). People who claim to be opinion leaders: identifying their characteristics by self-report. The Journal of Marketing, 35(4), 48-53.
Correa, T., Hinsley, A. W., & De Zuniga, H. G. (2010). Who interacts on the Web?: The intersection of users’ personality and social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 247-253.
Faber, R., & O’Guinn, T. (1988). Expanding the view of consumer socialization: A
nonutilitarian mass-mediated perspective. In E. C. Hirschman & J. N. Sheth (Ed.),
Research in consumer behavior (pp. 49-77). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
Faber, R. J. (1992). Money changes everything: Compulsive buying from a biopsychosocial perspective. American Behavioral Scientist, 35(6), 809-819.
Feick, L. F., & Price, L. L. (1987). The market maven: A diffuser of marketplace information. The Journal of Marketing, 51(1), 83-97.
Fischler, C. (1988). Food, self and identity. Social Science Information, 27(2), 275-292.
Food and Environmental Hygiene Department. (2017). Restaurant licences - Restaurant licences (English). Hong Kong, China: The Government of HKSAR. Retrieved from http://www.fehd.gov.hk/english/licensing/license/text/LP_Restaurants_EN.XML
Hu, Y., Manikonda, L., & Kambhampati, S. (2014, June). What we Instagram: A first analysis of Instagram photo content and user types. Proceedings of the Eighth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 595-598.
Ibrahim, Y. (2015). Food porn and the invitation to gaze: Ephemeral consumption and the digital spectacle. International Journal of E-Politics, 6(3), 1-12.
James, D., & Drennan, J. (2005). Exploring addictive consumption of mobile phone technology. Proceedings of Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, 87-96.
Joffe, H. (2008). The power of visual material: Persuasion, emotion and identification. Diogenes, 55(1), 84-93.
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.
Koparal, C., & Çalık, N. (2015). Hedonic consumption characteristics related to products and services where fashion involvement plays an important role, a field study from Eskisehir, Turkey. International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 13-37.
Kozinets, R., Patterson, A., & Ashman, R. (2017). Networks of desire: how technology increases our passion to consume. Journal of Consumer Research, 43(5), 659-682.
Kuehn, K., & Corrigan, T. F. (2013). Hope labor: the role of employment prospects in online social production. The Political Economy of Communication, 1(1), 9-25.
Lam, L. (2014, August 22). Facebook is Hong Kong`s top digital platform in survey commissioned by company. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1578755/facebook-citys-top-digital-platform-survey-commissioned-company
Lifestyle Asia. (2017). Lifestyle Asia media kit 2017. Retrieved from
http://d3ba08y2c5j5cf.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/03150517/LSA_MediaKit.pdf
Manovich, L. (2017). The mobile generation and Instagram photography. Between the Public and Private in Mobile Communication (pp. 262-278). New York, NY : Routledge.
Marshall, D. (2005). Food as ritual, routine or convention. Consumption Markets & Culture, 8(1), 69-85.
McDonnell, E. M. (2016). Food porn: the conspicuous consumption of food in the age of digital reproduction. In Food, media and contemporary culture (pp. 239-265). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
McElroy, S. L., Keck Jr, P. E., Pope Jr, H. G., Smith, J. M., & Strakowski, S. M. (1994). Compulsive buying: a report of 20 cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55(6), 242-248.
Mohsen, M. G. (2017). Foodies in the UK: A sense of self, connection and belonging beyond the passion?. In M. Stieler (Eds.) Creating marketing magic and innovative future marketing trends, 457-467. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Molina-Estolano, V. (2016, July 11). Facebook and Instagram: A Tale of Two Feeds. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/iq/articles/facebook-and-instagram-a-tale-of-two-feeds?ref=wpinsights_rd
Moselle, M. (2014, March 7). Taking `food porn` photos in Hong Kong is so popular even the chefs are doing it. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/food-wine/article/1441916/taking-food-porn-photos-hong-kong-so-popular-even-chefs-are
Mudambi, S. M., & Schuff, D. (2010). What makes a helpful review? A study of customer reviews on Amazon.com. MIS Quarterly, 34 (1), 185–200.
Myers, J. H., & Robertson, T. S. (1972). Dimensions of opinion leadership. Journal of Marketing Research, 9(1), 41-46.
Schroeder, J. E. (2004). Visual consumption in an image economy. In K. Ekstrom & H. Brembeck (Ed.), Elusive consumption (pp.229-244). Oxford: Berg.
Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I., & Gross, B. L. (1991). Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of business research, 22(2), 159-170.
Solomon, M. R. (2002). Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Spence, C. (2017). From Instagram to TV ads, what’s the science behind food porn?. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/mar/19/science-of-food-porn-gastrophysics-alluring-food-imagery-psychology
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Terranova, T. (2000). Free labor: Producing culture for the digital economy. Social Text, 18(2), 33-58.
Tiu, C, (2016, November 11). Michelin announces 2017 stars for Hong Kong and Macau: Peninsula gets its first star and Alain Ducasse`s Spoon falls off list. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/cheryltiu/2016/11/11/michelin-announces-2017-stars-for-hong-kong-and-macau-peninsula-gets-its-first-star-alain-ducasses-spoon-falls-off-the-list/#adfba011f4c1
Trew, M. (2016). TNS Connected Life 2016 study: Instagram and Snapchat on the rise in APAC. Web in travel. Retrieved from http://www.webintravel.com/tns-connected-life-2016-kantar-snapchat-instagram/
Venkatraman, M. P. (1989). Opinion leaders, adopters, and communicative adopters: A role analysis. Psychology & Marketing, 6(1), 51-68.
Winner, Langdon (1978), Autonomous technology: Technics-out-of-control as a theme of political thought, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Yeung, S. C. (2015, July 17). Why print media in Hong Kong is entering an ice age. EJ Insight. Retrieved from http://www.ejinsight.com/20150717-why-print-media-hong-kong-is-entering-ice-age/
Yood, J. (1992), Feasting: A celebration of food in art, New York: Universe Publishing.
Yue, A. (2003). Eating. In F. Martin (Eds.), Interpreting everyday culture (pp. 159–172). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
104461010
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104461010
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林怡潔zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yi-Chiehen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 梁譽昭zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 梁譽昭zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Jan-2018 16:21:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Jan-2018 16:21:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Jan-2018 16:21:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104461010en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/115469-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 104461010zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The “camera eats first” phenomenon has become a worldwide popular culture which affects our everyday life. The study is committed to look at the foodie behavior on Instagram in Hong Kong, a renowned gourmet paradise. Through a qualitative study of five Instagram foodies, it aims to explore and add an academic dimension of understanding of the culture from the foodie’s perspective and their online behaviors of running a public profile about daily food consumption on Instagram. The results suggested that some foodies see their profiles as the extension of themselves, a space to showcase their works and preferences; but they do not see their profile as a future business opportunity. Even though the foodies on Instagram are mostly amateur instead of professionally trained food photographers, they keep enhancing their skills by learning from their peers and constant practices, for the sake of producing attractive photos. Flat-lay is one of the most popular styles of photography on Instagram which is appreciated by the foodies, as well as the audience. Attractive food visual content and skillful labeling hashtags have made Instagram a platform to satisfy intense desire for food consumption. A foodie’s interaction with audience further enhances the consumer’s desire by offering personal comments. The findings
imply that there is a wide scale of foodies with different attitudes towards their practice of posting food images on Instagram. It is crucial for food marketers to understand their attitudes and preferences for better communication. Future research can be conducted on a broader scale of foodies to examine foodies and their influence on social class, giving marketers more ideas of effective positioning and segmentation.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract i
Introduction 1
1.1 Research Objectives 2
1.1.1 Research Questions 3
1.2 Background 4
1.2.1 New Media Trending in Hong Kong 4
1.2.2 Food Photography on Social Media 6
1.2.3 Hong Kong as a Gourmet Paradise and Self-professed Foodies 8
1.3 Significance of the Study 9
2. Literature Review 10
2.1 Individual and Group Identity Incorporated with Food 10
2.3 Digital Economy and Free Labor 12
2.4 Visual Consumption and Aesthetics of Food Photography 14
2.5 Networks of Desire on Social Media 15
3. Methodology 17
3.1 Qualitative Approach 17
3.2 Sampling 18
3.2 Method of Analysis 20
4. Analysis and Discussion 24
4.1 Showcase of Personality and Characteristics 24
4.2 Autonomy over Incentives 26
4.3 Food Photography in Foodie’s Way 28
4.4 A Platform to Satisfy Food Craving 32
5. Conclusion 35
5.1 Implications and Limitations 36
6. References 37
7. Appendices 43		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5633330 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104461010en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social mediaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Food photographyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Foodieen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Opinion leaderen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Digital economyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Networkingen_US
dc.title (題名) 吃貨人生: 探索在香港Instagram上的食物影像分享zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Foodie’s Life: Exploring Food Captures Sharing on Instagram in Hong Kongen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) References
Aiello, G. (2006). Theoretical advances in critical visual analysis: Perception, ideology, mythologies, and social semiotics. Journal of Visual Literacy, 26(2), 89-102.
Alexander, H. (2014, February 16). French chefs hit back at `food porn` photos in their restaurants. The telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/10641913/French-chefs-hit-back-at-food-porn-photos-in-their-restaurants.html
Babbie, E. (2016). The practice of social research. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet Research, 22(1), 57-74.
Barthes, R. (1977). Image, music, text (S. Heath, Trans.). London: Fontana Press.
Bloch, P. H., & Richins, M. L. (1983). A theoretical model for the study of product importance perceptions. The Journal of Marketing, 47 (3), 69-81.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste. Boston, MA: Harvard
Brown, D., & Hayes, N. (2008). Influencer marketing: Who really influences your customers?. Routledge.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2003). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA.
Cairns, K., Johnston, J., & Baumann, S. (2010). Caring about food: Doing gender in the foodie kitchen. Gender & Society, 24(5), 591-615.
Chan, C. (2016, August 26). 20 Hong Kong foodies to follow on Instagram. Lifestyle Asia Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://www.lifestyleasia.com/478967/20-hong-kong-foodies-to-follow-on-instagram/
Chan, G. (2015, October 5). Survey finds a quarter of Hong Kong`s working population show signs of depression and anxiety. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/1864215/hong-kong-survey-reveals-quarter-citys-working
Charmaz, K. (1983). The grounded theory method: An explication and interpretation. In R. Emerson (Ed.), Contemporary field research (pp. 109-126). Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
Cohen, D. (2016). Facebook, Instagram and Users’ ‘Behavior and Emotions’ (Study). Retrieved from http://www.adweek.com/digital/facebook-iq-facebook-instagram/
Coleman, A. D. (1998), Depth of Field: Essays on Photography, Mass Media, and Lens Culture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3-21.
Corey, L. G. (1971). People who claim to be opinion leaders: identifying their characteristics by self-report. The Journal of Marketing, 35(4), 48-53.
Correa, T., Hinsley, A. W., & De Zuniga, H. G. (2010). Who interacts on the Web?: The intersection of users’ personality and social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 247-253.
Faber, R., & O’Guinn, T. (1988). Expanding the view of consumer socialization: A
nonutilitarian mass-mediated perspective. In E. C. Hirschman & J. N. Sheth (Ed.),
Research in consumer behavior (pp. 49-77). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
Faber, R. J. (1992). Money changes everything: Compulsive buying from a biopsychosocial perspective. American Behavioral Scientist, 35(6), 809-819.
Feick, L. F., & Price, L. L. (1987). The market maven: A diffuser of marketplace information. The Journal of Marketing, 51(1), 83-97.
Fischler, C. (1988). Food, self and identity. Social Science Information, 27(2), 275-292.
Food and Environmental Hygiene Department. (2017). Restaurant licences - Restaurant licences (English). Hong Kong, China: The Government of HKSAR. Retrieved from http://www.fehd.gov.hk/english/licensing/license/text/LP_Restaurants_EN.XML
Hu, Y., Manikonda, L., & Kambhampati, S. (2014, June). What we Instagram: A first analysis of Instagram photo content and user types. Proceedings of the Eighth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 595-598.
Ibrahim, Y. (2015). Food porn and the invitation to gaze: Ephemeral consumption and the digital spectacle. International Journal of E-Politics, 6(3), 1-12.
James, D., & Drennan, J. (2005). Exploring addictive consumption of mobile phone technology. Proceedings of Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, 87-96.
Joffe, H. (2008). The power of visual material: Persuasion, emotion and identification. Diogenes, 55(1), 84-93.
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.
Koparal, C., & Çalık, N. (2015). Hedonic consumption characteristics related to products and services where fashion involvement plays an important role, a field study from Eskisehir, Turkey. International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 13-37.
Kozinets, R., Patterson, A., & Ashman, R. (2017). Networks of desire: how technology increases our passion to consume. Journal of Consumer Research, 43(5), 659-682.
Kuehn, K., & Corrigan, T. F. (2013). Hope labor: the role of employment prospects in online social production. The Political Economy of Communication, 1(1), 9-25.
Lam, L. (2014, August 22). Facebook is Hong Kong`s top digital platform in survey commissioned by company. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1578755/facebook-citys-top-digital-platform-survey-commissioned-company
Lifestyle Asia. (2017). Lifestyle Asia media kit 2017. Retrieved from
http://d3ba08y2c5j5cf.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/03150517/LSA_MediaKit.pdf
Manovich, L. (2017). The mobile generation and Instagram photography. Between the Public and Private in Mobile Communication (pp. 262-278). New York, NY : Routledge.
Marshall, D. (2005). Food as ritual, routine or convention. Consumption Markets & Culture, 8(1), 69-85.
McDonnell, E. M. (2016). Food porn: the conspicuous consumption of food in the age of digital reproduction. In Food, media and contemporary culture (pp. 239-265). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
McElroy, S. L., Keck Jr, P. E., Pope Jr, H. G., Smith, J. M., & Strakowski, S. M. (1994). Compulsive buying: a report of 20 cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55(6), 242-248.
Mohsen, M. G. (2017). Foodies in the UK: A sense of self, connection and belonging beyond the passion?. In M. Stieler (Eds.) Creating marketing magic and innovative future marketing trends, 457-467. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Molina-Estolano, V. (2016, July 11). Facebook and Instagram: A Tale of Two Feeds. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/iq/articles/facebook-and-instagram-a-tale-of-two-feeds?ref=wpinsights_rd
Moselle, M. (2014, March 7). Taking `food porn` photos in Hong Kong is so popular even the chefs are doing it. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/food-wine/article/1441916/taking-food-porn-photos-hong-kong-so-popular-even-chefs-are
Mudambi, S. M., & Schuff, D. (2010). What makes a helpful review? A study of customer reviews on Amazon.com. MIS Quarterly, 34 (1), 185–200.
Myers, J. H., & Robertson, T. S. (1972). Dimensions of opinion leadership. Journal of Marketing Research, 9(1), 41-46.
Schroeder, J. E. (2004). Visual consumption in an image economy. In K. Ekstrom & H. Brembeck (Ed.), Elusive consumption (pp.229-244). Oxford: Berg.
Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I., & Gross, B. L. (1991). Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of business research, 22(2), 159-170.
Solomon, M. R. (2002). Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Spence, C. (2017). From Instagram to TV ads, what’s the science behind food porn?. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/mar/19/science-of-food-porn-gastrophysics-alluring-food-imagery-psychology
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Terranova, T. (2000). Free labor: Producing culture for the digital economy. Social Text, 18(2), 33-58.
Tiu, C, (2016, November 11). Michelin announces 2017 stars for Hong Kong and Macau: Peninsula gets its first star and Alain Ducasse`s Spoon falls off list. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/cheryltiu/2016/11/11/michelin-announces-2017-stars-for-hong-kong-and-macau-peninsula-gets-its-first-star-alain-ducasses-spoon-falls-off-the-list/#adfba011f4c1
Trew, M. (2016). TNS Connected Life 2016 study: Instagram and Snapchat on the rise in APAC. Web in travel. Retrieved from http://www.webintravel.com/tns-connected-life-2016-kantar-snapchat-instagram/
Venkatraman, M. P. (1989). Opinion leaders, adopters, and communicative adopters: A role analysis. Psychology & Marketing, 6(1), 51-68.
Winner, Langdon (1978), Autonomous technology: Technics-out-of-control as a theme of political thought, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Yeung, S. C. (2015, July 17). Why print media in Hong Kong is entering an ice age. EJ Insight. Retrieved from http://www.ejinsight.com/20150717-why-print-media-hong-kong-is-entering-ice-age/
Yood, J. (1992), Feasting: A celebration of food in art, New York: Universe Publishing.
Yue, A. (2003). Eating. In F. Martin (Eds.), Interpreting everyday culture (pp. 159–172). Oxford: Oxford University Press.		zh_TW