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題名 虛擬實境會是新聞的未來嗎?以實證研究探討虛擬實境新聞對閱聽人的影響
Will virtual reality be the future of journalism? Explore the effects of virtual reality on audience: an empirical investigation.
作者 劉呈逸
Liu, Cheng Yi
貢獻者 林日璇
Lin, Jih Hsuan
劉呈逸
Liu, Cheng Yi
關鍵詞 虛擬實境
沈浸新聞學
臨場感
Virtual reality
Immersive journalism
Presence
日期 2018
上傳時間 5-Feb-2018 17:23:09 (UTC+8)
摘要 虛擬實境技術作為一項內容呈現方式,在技術逐漸成熟到現今也逐漸被接枝於新聞內容上,沈浸新聞學(immersive journalism)也隨之誕生,而它最獨特臨場感(presence)特性也使得虛擬實境新聞能帶給閱聽者完全不同以往的閱讀體驗,然而虛擬實境的引進能否為數位化的新聞產業環境帶來利基,是現在新聞媒體仍在觀望的原因。故本研究設計 2(新聞呈現方式:有、無使用虛擬實境)x 2(新聞類型:軟新聞與硬新聞)的實驗架構,讓受測者(N = 121)以佩戴 Google cardboard 以及手機兩種方式體驗《紐約時報》發行的應用程式「NYTVR」裡兩種不同類型的新聞內容,結果發現使用不管哪種新聞類型的內容,使用虛擬實境技術體驗的組別都能夠提升閱聽者在看觀看完刺激物後的購買意願以及情緒,並且臨場感在這個體驗過程中具有中介效果,這些發現不僅為虛擬新聞研究領域帶來實證上的支持,更給予虛擬實境新聞應用於新聞實務上的立足點。
參考文獻 林政宏(1997)。《深入虛擬實境 VR》,臺北市 : 碁峯資訊。
歐聖榮、李美芳(1998)。〈應用虛擬實境於植栽空間對情緒影響之研究〉,《中國園藝》,44(4): 449-462。
吳世光、陳建和(2002)。〈影像式虛擬實境之發展及其在觀光產業應用之研究〉,《觀光研究學報》,8(1):17。
蔡卓芳(2003)。〈台灣新聞網站市場範圍與市場競爭初探-以《聯合新聞網》、《中時電子報》、《東森新聞報》三大新聞網站為例分析〉。交通大學傳播研究所碩士學位論文。
陶振超(2011)。〈媒介訊息如何獲得注意:突出或相關?認知取徑媒體研究之觀點〉,《新聞學研究》,107:245-290。
林志勇、黃維信、宋文旭、許峻嘉(2006)。《認識虛擬實境》。1-1 - 1-16。臺北,全華。
王泰俐(2006)。〈電視新聞「感官主義」對閱聽人接收新聞的影響〉,《新聞學研究》,( 86):91-13。
彭芸(2007)。〈我國民眾媒體內容偏好與其政治態度之關聯性研究〉,《選舉研究》,(96)5:85-117。
俞帛宏(2009)。橫幅廣告點擊效果影響因素之探索性研究。臺北大學資訊管理研究所碩士學位論文。
江義平、俞帛宏(2011)。〈橫幅廣告點擊效果之影響研究〉,《電子商務研究》,(9)4:433-458。
王維菁、林麗雲、羅世宏(2012)。〈新科技下的報業與未來〉,《豐盛中的匱乏:傳播政策的反思與重構》。台灣高雄:巨流。
林宏曄 (2012)。《智慧型手機新聞類 APP 之滿意度與購買意願研究-以蘋果日報為例》,國立政治大學廣播電視學系碩士班碩士論文。
張郁敏(2012)。〈跨媒介新聞資訊處理模型:資訊來源擴大理論在新聞研究上的應用〉,《新聞學研究》,(110):85-124。
拓墣產業研究所(2015)。〈2015 年虛擬實境商機開始湧現〉。取自
http://www.topology.com.tw/DataContent/report/2015%E5%B9%B4%E8%99
%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83%E5%95%86%E6%A9%9F
%E9%96%8B%E5%A7%8B%E6%B9%A7%E7%8F%BE/3
Biswas, A. (1992). The moderating role of brand familiarity in reference price
perceptions. Journal of Business Research, 25(3), 251-262.
Briggs, R., & Hollis, N. (1997). Advertising on the Web: Is there response beforeclick-through? Journal of Advertising Research, 37(2), 33-45.
Bird, S. E. (1998). News we can use: An audience perspective on the tobloidisation of news in the United States. Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture. 5(3), 33-49.
Calvert, S. L., & Tan, S. L. (1994). Impact of virtual reality on young adults’physiological arousal and aggressive thoughts: interaction versus observation.
Journal of Applied Developments Psychology, 15(1), 125-139.
Chen, S. C. (1995). QuickTime VR: an image-based approach to virtual environmentnavigation. Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 22, 29-38
Chatterjee, P., Hoffman, D. ,& Novak, T. (2003). Modeling the clickstream:Implications for web-based advertising efforts. Marketing Science, 22(4), 520-541.
Calder, B., Malthouse, E. ,& Schaedel, U. (2009). Engagement with online media andadvertising effectiveness. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 23(4), 321-331.
Cohen, E. L.(2010).Online journalism as market-driven journalism. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(4), 532-548.
Colomo,R., Casado,C., Soto,P., & Garcia,A. (2011) Using the affected grid tomeasure emotions in software requirements engineering. Journal of Universal
Computer Science, 17(9), 1281-1298.
Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store Information on buyers’product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research,28(3), 307-319.
Downie, L. Jr., & Kaiser, R. G.(2003). The news about the news: American journalism in peril. New York: Vintage.
Drèze, X., & Hussherr,F. (2003). Internet advertising: Is anybody watching? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(4), 8-23.
de la Peña, N., Weil, P., Llobera, J., Giannopoulos, E., Pomés, A., Spanlag, B., Friedman, D., Sanchez-Vives, M., & Slater,M. (2010). Immersive journalism: immersive virtual reality for the first-person experience of news. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 19(4), 291-301.
Gunter, B. (1987). Poor reception: Misunderstanding and forgetting broadcast news. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Herbert, J.(2000). Journalism in the digital age. Oxford: Focal Press.
Kuksa, I., & Childs, M., (2014). Making Sense of Space The design and experience of virtual spaces as a tool to communicate. Cambridge: Chados Publishing, 1-21.
Li, H., Daugherty T., & Biocca F. (2002). Impact of 3-d advertisting on product knowledge, brand attitude, and purchase intention: the mediating role of presence. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 43-57.
Lang, A., Geiger, S. F., Strickwerda, M., & Sumner, J. (1993). The effects of related and unrelated cuts on television viewers’attention, processing capacity, and
memory. Communication Research, 20(1), 4-29.
Manatt Digital Media (2015). The Reality of VR and AR. Retrieved from www.manattdigitalmedia.com/reality-of-vr-and-ar/
Niederdeppe, J., Frosch, D. L., & Hornik, R. C. (2008). Cancer news coverage and information seeking. Journal of Health Communication, 13(2), 181-199.
Suh, K. S., & Lee,Y. E.(2005). The effects of virtual reality on consumer learning: an empirical investigation. Management information systems research center university of Minnesota, 29(4), 673-697.
Slater, M., & Steed, A. (2000). A virtual presence counter. Prescence: Teleop. Virtual environments, 9(5), 413-434.
Schultheis, M. T., & Rizzo, A. A. (2001). The application of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 46(3), 296-311.
Scherer, K. R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information, 44(4), 695-729.
Slater, M. (2009). Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behavior in immersive virtual enviroments. The Royal Society, 364(1535), 3549-3556.
Strömbäck, J., & Shehata, A.(2010)Media malaise or a virtuous circle? Exploring the causal relationships between news media exposure, political news attention
and political interest. European Journal of Political Research, 49(5), 575-597.
Russell, J. A. (1978). Evidence of convergent validity on the dimensions of affect.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(10), 1152-1168.
Rizzo,A. A., Buckwalter, J. G., Bowerly, T., Humphrey, L. A., Neumann,U., Rooyen, A. V., & Kim, L. (2001). The virtual classroom: A virtual reality environment
for the assessment amd rehabilitation of attention deficits. Revista Espanola de Neuropsicologia, 3(3), 11-37.
Riva, G., Mantovani,F., Capideville, C. S., Preziosa, A., Morganti, F., Villani, D.,
Gaggioli, A., Botella,C., & Alcaniz, M. R. (2007). Affected interaction using
virtual reality: the link between presence and emtions. CyberPsychology &
Behavior, 10(1), 45-56.
Reinemann, C., Stanyer, S., Scherr, S., & Legnante, G. (2011). Hard and soft news: A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings. Journalism, 13(2),221-239.
Strömbäck,J., & Shehata,A. (2010). Media malaise or a virtuous circle? Exploring the causal relationships between news media exposure, political news attention and
political interest. European Journal of Political Research, 49(5), 575-597
Schiffman, W.L., & Kaunk, L. L.(2000). Comsumer behavior. New Jersey: prenticehall.
Viner,K. (2016). How technology disrupted the truth. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jul/12/how-technology-disruptedthe-truth
Zeithaml, V. A.(1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality and value: A meansends model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
103464020
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103464020
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林日璇zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Jih Hsuanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉呈逸zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liu, Cheng Yien_US
dc.creator (作者) 劉呈逸zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Liu, Cheng Yien_US
dc.date (日期) 2018en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Feb-2018 17:23:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Feb-2018 17:23:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Feb-2018 17:23:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103464020en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/115856-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103464020zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 虛擬實境技術作為一項內容呈現方式,在技術逐漸成熟到現今也逐漸被接枝於新聞內容上,沈浸新聞學(immersive journalism)也隨之誕生,而它最獨特臨場感(presence)特性也使得虛擬實境新聞能帶給閱聽者完全不同以往的閱讀體驗,然而虛擬實境的引進能否為數位化的新聞產業環境帶來利基,是現在新聞媒體仍在觀望的原因。故本研究設計 2(新聞呈現方式:有、無使用虛擬實境)x 2(新聞類型:軟新聞與硬新聞)的實驗架構,讓受測者(N = 121)以佩戴 Google cardboard 以及手機兩種方式體驗《紐約時報》發行的應用程式「NYTVR」裡兩種不同類型的新聞內容,結果發現使用不管哪種新聞類型的內容,使用虛擬實境技術體驗的組別都能夠提升閱聽者在看觀看完刺激物後的購買意願以及情緒,並且臨場感在這個體驗過程中具有中介效果,這些發現不僅為虛擬新聞研究領域帶來實證上的支持,更給予虛擬實境新聞應用於新聞實務上的立足點。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 虛擬實境與新聞應用 5
第二節 注意力 9
第三節 點擊行為與購買意願 12
第四節 情緒 15
第五節 虛擬實境的特性 18
第六節 新聞類型 24
第三章 研究方法 29
第一節 實驗設計 29
第二節 實驗物 31
第三節 變項測量 33
第四章 研究結果 39
第一節 操弄檢測 39
第二節 主實驗之樣本基本資料分析 39
第三節 研究結果 40
第五章 結論與建議 48
第一節 研究結論 48
第二節 研究限制與未來研究方向 51
參考文獻 54
附件:實驗問卷 60
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1713102 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103464020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 虛擬實境zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 沈浸新聞學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臨場感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Virtual realityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Immersive journalismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Presenceen_US
dc.title (題名) 虛擬實境會是新聞的未來嗎?以實證研究探討虛擬實境新聞對閱聽人的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Will virtual reality be the future of journalism? Explore the effects of virtual reality on audience: an empirical investigation.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林政宏(1997)。《深入虛擬實境 VR》,臺北市 : 碁峯資訊。
歐聖榮、李美芳(1998)。〈應用虛擬實境於植栽空間對情緒影響之研究〉,《中國園藝》,44(4): 449-462。
吳世光、陳建和(2002)。〈影像式虛擬實境之發展及其在觀光產業應用之研究〉,《觀光研究學報》,8(1):17。
蔡卓芳(2003)。〈台灣新聞網站市場範圍與市場競爭初探-以《聯合新聞網》、《中時電子報》、《東森新聞報》三大新聞網站為例分析〉。交通大學傳播研究所碩士學位論文。
陶振超(2011)。〈媒介訊息如何獲得注意:突出或相關?認知取徑媒體研究之觀點〉,《新聞學研究》,107:245-290。
林志勇、黃維信、宋文旭、許峻嘉(2006)。《認識虛擬實境》。1-1 - 1-16。臺北,全華。
王泰俐(2006)。〈電視新聞「感官主義」對閱聽人接收新聞的影響〉,《新聞學研究》,( 86):91-13。
彭芸(2007)。〈我國民眾媒體內容偏好與其政治態度之關聯性研究〉,《選舉研究》,(96)5:85-117。
俞帛宏(2009)。橫幅廣告點擊效果影響因素之探索性研究。臺北大學資訊管理研究所碩士學位論文。
江義平、俞帛宏(2011)。〈橫幅廣告點擊效果之影響研究〉,《電子商務研究》,(9)4:433-458。
王維菁、林麗雲、羅世宏(2012)。〈新科技下的報業與未來〉,《豐盛中的匱乏:傳播政策的反思與重構》。台灣高雄:巨流。
林宏曄 (2012)。《智慧型手機新聞類 APP 之滿意度與購買意願研究-以蘋果日報為例》,國立政治大學廣播電視學系碩士班碩士論文。
張郁敏(2012)。〈跨媒介新聞資訊處理模型:資訊來源擴大理論在新聞研究上的應用〉,《新聞學研究》,(110):85-124。
拓墣產業研究所(2015)。〈2015 年虛擬實境商機開始湧現〉。取自
http://www.topology.com.tw/DataContent/report/2015%E5%B9%B4%E8%99
%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83%E5%95%86%E6%A9%9F
%E9%96%8B%E5%A7%8B%E6%B9%A7%E7%8F%BE/3
Biswas, A. (1992). The moderating role of brand familiarity in reference price
perceptions. Journal of Business Research, 25(3), 251-262.
Briggs, R., & Hollis, N. (1997). Advertising on the Web: Is there response beforeclick-through? Journal of Advertising Research, 37(2), 33-45.
Bird, S. E. (1998). News we can use: An audience perspective on the tobloidisation of news in the United States. Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture. 5(3), 33-49.
Calvert, S. L., & Tan, S. L. (1994). Impact of virtual reality on young adults’physiological arousal and aggressive thoughts: interaction versus observation.
Journal of Applied Developments Psychology, 15(1), 125-139.
Chen, S. C. (1995). QuickTime VR: an image-based approach to virtual environmentnavigation. Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 22, 29-38
Chatterjee, P., Hoffman, D. ,& Novak, T. (2003). Modeling the clickstream:Implications for web-based advertising efforts. Marketing Science, 22(4), 520-541.
Calder, B., Malthouse, E. ,& Schaedel, U. (2009). Engagement with online media andadvertising effectiveness. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 23(4), 321-331.
Cohen, E. L.(2010).Online journalism as market-driven journalism. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(4), 532-548.
Colomo,R., Casado,C., Soto,P., & Garcia,A. (2011) Using the affected grid tomeasure emotions in software requirements engineering. Journal of Universal
Computer Science, 17(9), 1281-1298.
Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store Information on buyers’product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research,28(3), 307-319.
Downie, L. Jr., & Kaiser, R. G.(2003). The news about the news: American journalism in peril. New York: Vintage.
Drèze, X., & Hussherr,F. (2003). Internet advertising: Is anybody watching? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(4), 8-23.
de la Peña, N., Weil, P., Llobera, J., Giannopoulos, E., Pomés, A., Spanlag, B., Friedman, D., Sanchez-Vives, M., & Slater,M. (2010). Immersive journalism: immersive virtual reality for the first-person experience of news. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 19(4), 291-301.
Gunter, B. (1987). Poor reception: Misunderstanding and forgetting broadcast news. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Herbert, J.(2000). Journalism in the digital age. Oxford: Focal Press.
Kuksa, I., & Childs, M., (2014). Making Sense of Space The design and experience of virtual spaces as a tool to communicate. Cambridge: Chados Publishing, 1-21.
Li, H., Daugherty T., & Biocca F. (2002). Impact of 3-d advertisting on product knowledge, brand attitude, and purchase intention: the mediating role of presence. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 43-57.
Lang, A., Geiger, S. F., Strickwerda, M., & Sumner, J. (1993). The effects of related and unrelated cuts on television viewers’attention, processing capacity, and
memory. Communication Research, 20(1), 4-29.
Manatt Digital Media (2015). The Reality of VR and AR. Retrieved from www.manattdigitalmedia.com/reality-of-vr-and-ar/
Niederdeppe, J., Frosch, D. L., & Hornik, R. C. (2008). Cancer news coverage and information seeking. Journal of Health Communication, 13(2), 181-199.
Suh, K. S., & Lee,Y. E.(2005). The effects of virtual reality on consumer learning: an empirical investigation. Management information systems research center university of Minnesota, 29(4), 673-697.
Slater, M., & Steed, A. (2000). A virtual presence counter. Prescence: Teleop. Virtual environments, 9(5), 413-434.
Schultheis, M. T., & Rizzo, A. A. (2001). The application of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 46(3), 296-311.
Scherer, K. R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information, 44(4), 695-729.
Slater, M. (2009). Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behavior in immersive virtual enviroments. The Royal Society, 364(1535), 3549-3556.
Strömbäck, J., & Shehata, A.(2010)Media malaise or a virtuous circle? Exploring the causal relationships between news media exposure, political news attention
and political interest. European Journal of Political Research, 49(5), 575-597.
Russell, J. A. (1978). Evidence of convergent validity on the dimensions of affect.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(10), 1152-1168.
Rizzo,A. A., Buckwalter, J. G., Bowerly, T., Humphrey, L. A., Neumann,U., Rooyen, A. V., & Kim, L. (2001). The virtual classroom: A virtual reality environment
for the assessment amd rehabilitation of attention deficits. Revista Espanola de Neuropsicologia, 3(3), 11-37.
Riva, G., Mantovani,F., Capideville, C. S., Preziosa, A., Morganti, F., Villani, D.,
Gaggioli, A., Botella,C., & Alcaniz, M. R. (2007). Affected interaction using
virtual reality: the link between presence and emtions. CyberPsychology &
Behavior, 10(1), 45-56.
Reinemann, C., Stanyer, S., Scherr, S., & Legnante, G. (2011). Hard and soft news: A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings. Journalism, 13(2),221-239.
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