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題名 臺灣以房養老方案執行之經驗 —「公益型」與「商業型」模式之探討
The Implementation of Reverse Mortgage Program in Taiwan: A Study on “Welfare model” and “Commercial Model”作者 盧柏亮 貢獻者 蔡培元
盧柏亮關鍵詞 以房養老
公益型
商業型
Reverse mortgage
Welfare model
Commercial model日期 2018 上傳時間 1-Jun-2018 15:53:15 (UTC+8) 摘要 臺灣以房養老先後推出「公益型」與「商業型」兩種模式,雖然相較其他國家發展的時間尚短,但已累積相關之執行經驗。為探究兩模式的主要差異、過去的執行經驗、推動困境、制度爭議,及老年者真實的申貸考量與困難,本研究採用質性研究取向,以半結構式訪談蒐集資料,訪談的對象包括臺北市公益型以房養老實驗方案的承辦人員,及銀行以房養老業務之行員,並分析相關之文件資料。 歸結上述服務提供方的經驗與觀察,「公益型」以房養老主要面臨預算限制、福利資格門檻過高、缺乏統一的專責單位、缺乏法源依據之困境;而「商業型」方面,子女不同意申辦、找不到通知義務人、非單獨持有房屋、民眾對貸款金額不滿意與民眾尚不了解以房養老為其主要的困境。此外,抵押權年限的規範、申貸者往生後其配偶的居住問題、通知義務人之設定三者為制度上的爭議點。老年者之申貸動機方面,除了基本生活開支的需求外,不願尋求子女提供生活費用、籌錢聘請看護或入住安養中心、提升生活品質、避稅的遺產規劃等皆為可能之動機。由此,本研究建議應修改法令使以房養老不受抵押權年限限制,在未修法之前,銀行應於契約中確保未來延長貸款之保障,此外,可適度放寬通知義務人之規定、考量申貸者死亡後配偶之居住問題,以及讓「商業型」以房養老連結更多社福資源,以期待能發展出更臻完善的以房養老制度。
Taiwan has launched two models of reverse mortgage (RM), i.e. “welfare” and “commercial” models. Although the period of RM development in Taiwan is relatively shorter than in other countries, there has been some experience in implementation. In order to explore the main differences between the two models, experience and difficulties in implementation, disputes in institutional design and the consideration and obstacles of the elderly in applying for RM, this study adopts qualitative research methods and uses semi-structured interviews to collect data. The interviewees include staff involved in the experimental RM program in Taipei City and staff of banks that offer RM programs. Moreover, this thesis also collects and analyzes documents related to the implementation of RM. Summing up the experience of the providers of RM programs, the main difficulties of “welfare” model include budget constraints, excessively high threshold in participating in the program, lack of an integrated agency to implement RM and legal sources. With regard to the “commercial” model, the main difficulties are: heirs do not agree to apply for RM, difficult to find obligors of notification, without sole ownership of the house, dissatisfactions of applicants with the amount of loans and lack of understandings of RM. In addition, controversial issues of RM include the regulation on the longest period of mortage, the residence issue of spouse after the death of RM applicants and the setting of obligors of notification. Regarding the motives of the elderly to apply for RM, apart from the demands for basic living expenses, other motives include reluctance to receive living expenses from childen, raising money to hire caregivers or stay in a nursing home, promotion of life quality and tax avoidance. Therefore, this study suggests that the regulations on the longest period of RM should be extended and banks should ensure the extention of RM before the amendment of regulations. In addition, the rules on obligor of notification may be appropriately relaxed. The bank should consider the housing problem of applicants’ spouse after the death of RM applicants. 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Don`t rush into a Reverse Mortgage. Better Investing, Sep 2014, Vol.64(1), pp.13-14.Wang, C. W., Huang, H. C., & Lee, Y. T. (2016). On the valuation of reverse mortgage insurance. Scandinavian Actuarial Journal, 2016(4), 293-318.Weber, J. A., & Chang, E. (2006). The reverse mortgage and its ethical concerns. Journal of Personal Finance, 5(1), 37.Yang, S. S. (2011). Securitisation and tranching longevity and house price risk for reverse mortgage products. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice, 36(4), 648-674. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會工作研究所
104264002資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104264002 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 蔡培元 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 盧柏亮 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 盧柏亮 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jun-2018 15:53:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jun-2018 15:53:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jun-2018 15:53:15 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104264002 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/117434 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會工作研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 104264002 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 臺灣以房養老先後推出「公益型」與「商業型」兩種模式,雖然相較其他國家發展的時間尚短,但已累積相關之執行經驗。為探究兩模式的主要差異、過去的執行經驗、推動困境、制度爭議,及老年者真實的申貸考量與困難,本研究採用質性研究取向,以半結構式訪談蒐集資料,訪談的對象包括臺北市公益型以房養老實驗方案的承辦人員,及銀行以房養老業務之行員,並分析相關之文件資料。 歸結上述服務提供方的經驗與觀察,「公益型」以房養老主要面臨預算限制、福利資格門檻過高、缺乏統一的專責單位、缺乏法源依據之困境;而「商業型」方面,子女不同意申辦、找不到通知義務人、非單獨持有房屋、民眾對貸款金額不滿意與民眾尚不了解以房養老為其主要的困境。此外,抵押權年限的規範、申貸者往生後其配偶的居住問題、通知義務人之設定三者為制度上的爭議點。老年者之申貸動機方面,除了基本生活開支的需求外,不願尋求子女提供生活費用、籌錢聘請看護或入住安養中心、提升生活品質、避稅的遺產規劃等皆為可能之動機。由此,本研究建議應修改法令使以房養老不受抵押權年限限制,在未修法之前,銀行應於契約中確保未來延長貸款之保障,此外,可適度放寬通知義務人之規定、考量申貸者死亡後配偶之居住問題,以及讓「商業型」以房養老連結更多社福資源,以期待能發展出更臻完善的以房養老制度。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Taiwan has launched two models of reverse mortgage (RM), i.e. “welfare” and “commercial” models. Although the period of RM development in Taiwan is relatively shorter than in other countries, there has been some experience in implementation. In order to explore the main differences between the two models, experience and difficulties in implementation, disputes in institutional design and the consideration and obstacles of the elderly in applying for RM, this study adopts qualitative research methods and uses semi-structured interviews to collect data. The interviewees include staff involved in the experimental RM program in Taipei City and staff of banks that offer RM programs. Moreover, this thesis also collects and analyzes documents related to the implementation of RM. Summing up the experience of the providers of RM programs, the main difficulties of “welfare” model include budget constraints, excessively high threshold in participating in the program, lack of an integrated agency to implement RM and legal sources. With regard to the “commercial” model, the main difficulties are: heirs do not agree to apply for RM, difficult to find obligors of notification, without sole ownership of the house, dissatisfactions of applicants with the amount of loans and lack of understandings of RM. In addition, controversial issues of RM include the regulation on the longest period of mortage, the residence issue of spouse after the death of RM applicants and the setting of obligors of notification. Regarding the motives of the elderly to apply for RM, apart from the demands for basic living expenses, other motives include reluctance to receive living expenses from childen, raising money to hire caregivers or stay in a nursing home, promotion of life quality and tax avoidance. Therefore, this study suggests that the regulations on the longest period of RM should be extended and banks should ensure the extention of RM before the amendment of regulations. In addition, the rules on obligor of notification may be appropriately relaxed. The bank should consider the housing problem of applicants’ spouse after the death of RM applicants. Finally, the “commercial” model could connect more social welfare resources for the elderly to develop a better RM system. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景 1第二節 研究動機與目的 5第二章 文獻探討 7第一節 何謂以房養老? 7第二節 臺灣以房養老之發展概況 8第三節 以房養老的發展與各國模式 13第四節 老年者的財產決策 22第五節 以房養老使用者的需求與特徵 24第六節 以房養老的推動困境與爭議 27第七節 小結 31第三章 研究方法 32第一節 研究架構 32第二節 質性研究取向 33第三節 資料蒐集與分析方法 34第四章 研究結果 38第一節 公益型以房養老之執行經驗 38一、 臺北市「公益型」以房養老之規定與申辦流程 38二、 臺北市「公益型」以房養老的諮詢狀況與申請原因 42三、 臺北市「公益型」以房養老的相關後續服務 43四、 臺北市「公益型」以房養老的執行困境 44五、 「公益型」以房養老相關之規劃與執行建議 47第二節 商業型以房養老之執行經驗 51一、 商業型以房養老的申辦流程 51二、 商業型以房養老之相關規定 53三、 各家銀行以房養老商品之比較 54四、 商業型以房養老的推動趨勢與現況 56五、 老年者申貸以房養老之動機 58六、 目前「商業型」以房養老的推動困境 61七、 商業型以房養老的爭議與隱憂 65八、 「商業型」以房養老的推動立場 68第三節 公益型與商業型以房養老之比較 70第四節 以房養老的政策執行狀況 72第五章 結論與建議 76第一節 研究結論 76一、 「公益型」與「商業型」在制度上主要差異 76二、 老年者申辦以房養老之動機 77三、 以房養老的推動困境 78四、 以房養老的制度爭議 80五、 結論 81第二節 研究建議 83第三節 研究限制 84第四節 未來研究方向 85參考文獻 86中文文獻 86日文文獻 89英文文獻 90附錄 93附錄一、臺北市以房養老實驗方案承辦人員訪談大綱 93附錄二、國土規劃與不動產資訊中心承辦人員訪談大綱 94附錄三、銀行以房養老承辦人員訪談大綱 95附錄四、訪談知情同意書 96 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1635487 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104264002 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 以房養老 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公益型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 商業型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Reverse mortgage en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Welfare model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Commercial model en_US dc.title (題名) 臺灣以房養老方案執行之經驗 —「公益型」與「商業型」模式之探討 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Implementation of Reverse Mortgage Program in Taiwan: A Study on “Welfare model” and “Commercial Model” en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻中文文獻上海商業儲蓄銀行(2017)。青松來富—以房養老。取自:http://www.scsb.com.tw/content/ind/ind_03_f1.jsp土地銀行(2017)。樂活養老貸款。取自:http://www.landbank-finance.com.tw中國信託銀行(2017)房轉人生—以房養老。取自:https://ctbc-mortgage.com/products/article/6.html?MediaChannel=CTBC5_web&ActivityCode=reverse_mg內政部(2017)。內政統計年報—106年第10週。取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/files/news_file/week10610_1.pdf內政部不動產資訊平台(2013)。「以房養老」試辦方案 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