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題名 雇主就經營決策之協商義務:以美國經驗之探索為中心
The Employers` Duty to Bargain over Managerial Decision : A Focus on Exploring The Experiences in The United States作者 鍾禹康
Zhong, Yu-Kang貢獻者 林佳和
Lin, Chia-Ho
鍾禹康
Zhong, Yu-Kang關鍵詞 義務協商事項
任意協商事項
重大經營決策
協商義務
工作安全
Mandatory subjects
Permissive subjects
Major managerial decisions
Duty to bargain
Job security日期 2018 上傳時間 27-八月-2018 14:48:41 (UTC+8) 摘要 關於雇主是否就其重大經營決策,於決策做成前給予工會有意義之協商機會,不可單方面做成並施行其決策,此一美國高度爭議之議題,在我國法院實務僅有甚少之線索,我國學說之討論亦不算多。 此等議題之討論將涉及兩個關鍵問題。第一是否採行義務協商事項與任意協商事項之劃分。美國實務皆立基於Borg-Warner案之協商事項區分,幾無回頭路。本文肯定雇主於某些經營決策有不受干擾之需求,應由其單斷獨行,避免雇主在各領域之經營決策皆負協商義務,若不協商則受到不當勞動行為以及正當爭議行為之拘束,負擔過廣也過重,故本文主張應以我國團體協約法第六條之合理適當之內容遂行協商事項之區分。 第二則是雇主經營決策應作如何劃分。本文參照Fibreboard案大法官Stewart之協同意見以及First National Maintenance案多數意見將雇主經營決策析分為三個領域,其一為與受僱者勞動關係之影響密切關聯,且為降低勞工成本之決策,本文認為此種決策雇主負有協商義務,蓋此種集體勞動條件得由團體協商處理;其二對受僱者工作安全直接影響,卻係基於經濟因素之決策,本文依循我國大量解僱勞工保護法強制協商之規定以及團體協約法穩定勞動關係之立法目的,主張當解僱數量達到大量勞工解僱保護法第二條之標準時,雇主應就其經營決策負協商義務,未達該條標準者,則推定雇主肩負協商義務,於特殊情形得由雇主推翻推定,以兼顧其經營營業之自由;其三則對僱用關係之影響甚為間接之決策,本文以為雇主就此種決策主不負協商義務。 本文如此解釋之重點在於考量到勞工對於公司投入相當心力而有所累積,並且工作安全攸關其個人乃至其家庭之生計,故勞工應得透過其工會代表適度地參與涉及工作安全之經營決策,透過團體協商作為勞工工作安全保護之先位防線。企業購併商定留用之制度導致勞工缺少解僱事由之保護,更是突顯雇主就其經營決策肩負協商義務之重要。 至於對於受僱者勞動條件有顯著負面影響之經營決策,雇主是否負有協商義務,本文抱持保留之態度,蓋衡量標準模糊,且對於雇主之經營營業自由之影響評估甚為困難。 本文亦肯認雇主有一定單方面施行其經營決策之空間,倘此類經營決策,勞工亦有相當興趣參與,除雇主有意願就此議題與工會協商外,亦得透過其他強調勞資合作之勞工參與制度參與雇主經營決策。
It is a hotly-contested issue in the United States whether an employer should give a meaningful opportunity to the union without implementing the management decision unilaterally before the decision is made.There were few legal practices from our courts and not much legal opinions from scholars in our country. There are two key questions involved in the discussion of this issue. The first one is whether to draw a line between mandatory/permissive subjects of bargaining.The legal pratices in the United States are all based on the case Borg-Warner to tell permissive subjects from mandatory subjects,there is almost no going back.The thesis author holds a positive attitude toward employers’need for unencumbered decision-making to avoid that employers have duty to bargain in each managerial decision and that heavy burden levied on the employers because of legal binding of unfair labor practice and power of legitimate economic weapon ,so that the employers would act unilaterally in certain areas.The author argues that we should draw line between mandatory bargaining subjects and permissive bargaining subjects in light of appropriate content regulated in Collective Agreement Act section 6 in our country. The second one is the way to distinguish between the managerial decisions. This thesis shows the way to break the managerial decisions down into three fields in light of the concurring opnion in Fibreboard by Justice Stewart and Major opinion of First National Maintenance: one is closely related to the job securities of workers,and based on the reduction of labor cost,the author argues that employers have duty to bargain over this kind of decisions due to the reason that collective conditions of employment could be dealed with through collective bargaining;another one has direct impact on job securities of the employees, but based on economic factors,the author argues that we should follow the purpose of legislation of Collective Agreement Act :to make relations of employment stable, and the regulation of Massive Dismissal of Labor Protection Act:forced bargaining,when the standard of quantity regulated in section 2 of Massive Dismissal of Labor Protection Act is met,the employers have duty to bargain, but when the standard is not met,the employers could rebut the presumption in light of unique circumstances to ensure its freedom to manage its business;the other one has quite indirect impact on relations of employment, so that employers have no duty to bargain over the decisions. The reason why author chooses this approach is mainly because that the workers have committed too much to the enterprise and that job securities are closely related to the workers and even the living of their families.So,workers should participate the managerial decisions with relevance to their job securities appropriately through collective bargaining as first protection for their job.The regulation of negotiation for retaining due to Corporate mergers and acquisitions leads to void of protection of just dismissal cause,which makes the duty to bargain over managerial decision prominent. The question as to whether employers have duty to bargain over managerial decisions which have significant adverse impact on conditions of employment of workers,author expresses reservations due to the lack of clear standard and the way to avoid unduly abridgement of empolyer’s freedom to manage its business. Author recognizes positively that there is a space for empoylers to act unilaterally as well,If wokers have intererests in that kind of decisions,they might seek other way for their participation,like worker participation system which put an emphasis on collaboration between employer and empolyee.參考文獻 (一)我國 1專書 1. 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國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
103652014資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103652014 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林佳和 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Chia-Ho en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 鍾禹康 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Zhong, Yu-Kang en_US dc.creator (作者) 鍾禹康 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Zhong, Yu-Kang en_US dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 27-八月-2018 14:48:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 27-八月-2018 14:48:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 27-八月-2018 14:48:41 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0103652014 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/119580 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律科際整合研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103652014 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 關於雇主是否就其重大經營決策,於決策做成前給予工會有意義之協商機會,不可單方面做成並施行其決策,此一美國高度爭議之議題,在我國法院實務僅有甚少之線索,我國學說之討論亦不算多。 此等議題之討論將涉及兩個關鍵問題。第一是否採行義務協商事項與任意協商事項之劃分。美國實務皆立基於Borg-Warner案之協商事項區分,幾無回頭路。本文肯定雇主於某些經營決策有不受干擾之需求,應由其單斷獨行,避免雇主在各領域之經營決策皆負協商義務,若不協商則受到不當勞動行為以及正當爭議行為之拘束,負擔過廣也過重,故本文主張應以我國團體協約法第六條之合理適當之內容遂行協商事項之區分。 第二則是雇主經營決策應作如何劃分。本文參照Fibreboard案大法官Stewart之協同意見以及First National Maintenance案多數意見將雇主經營決策析分為三個領域,其一為與受僱者勞動關係之影響密切關聯,且為降低勞工成本之決策,本文認為此種決策雇主負有協商義務,蓋此種集體勞動條件得由團體協商處理;其二對受僱者工作安全直接影響,卻係基於經濟因素之決策,本文依循我國大量解僱勞工保護法強制協商之規定以及團體協約法穩定勞動關係之立法目的,主張當解僱數量達到大量勞工解僱保護法第二條之標準時,雇主應就其經營決策負協商義務,未達該條標準者,則推定雇主肩負協商義務,於特殊情形得由雇主推翻推定,以兼顧其經營營業之自由;其三則對僱用關係之影響甚為間接之決策,本文以為雇主就此種決策主不負協商義務。 本文如此解釋之重點在於考量到勞工對於公司投入相當心力而有所累積,並且工作安全攸關其個人乃至其家庭之生計,故勞工應得透過其工會代表適度地參與涉及工作安全之經營決策,透過團體協商作為勞工工作安全保護之先位防線。企業購併商定留用之制度導致勞工缺少解僱事由之保護,更是突顯雇主就其經營決策肩負協商義務之重要。 至於對於受僱者勞動條件有顯著負面影響之經營決策,雇主是否負有協商義務,本文抱持保留之態度,蓋衡量標準模糊,且對於雇主之經營營業自由之影響評估甚為困難。 本文亦肯認雇主有一定單方面施行其經營決策之空間,倘此類經營決策,勞工亦有相當興趣參與,除雇主有意願就此議題與工會協商外,亦得透過其他強調勞資合作之勞工參與制度參與雇主經營決策。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) It is a hotly-contested issue in the United States whether an employer should give a meaningful opportunity to the union without implementing the management decision unilaterally before the decision is made.There were few legal practices from our courts and not much legal opinions from scholars in our country. There are two key questions involved in the discussion of this issue. The first one is whether to draw a line between mandatory/permissive subjects of bargaining.The legal pratices in the United States are all based on the case Borg-Warner to tell permissive subjects from mandatory subjects,there is almost no going back.The thesis author holds a positive attitude toward employers’need for unencumbered decision-making to avoid that employers have duty to bargain in each managerial decision and that heavy burden levied on the employers because of legal binding of unfair labor practice and power of legitimate economic weapon ,so that the employers would act unilaterally in certain areas.The author argues that we should draw line between mandatory bargaining subjects and permissive bargaining subjects in light of appropriate content regulated in Collective Agreement Act section 6 in our country. The second one is the way to distinguish between the managerial decisions. This thesis shows the way to break the managerial decisions down into three fields in light of the concurring opnion in Fibreboard by Justice Stewart and Major opinion of First National Maintenance: one is closely related to the job securities of workers,and based on the reduction of labor cost,the author argues that employers have duty to bargain over this kind of decisions due to the reason that collective conditions of employment could be dealed with through collective bargaining;another one has direct impact on job securities of the employees, but based on economic factors,the author argues that we should follow the purpose of legislation of Collective Agreement Act :to make relations of employment stable, and the regulation of Massive Dismissal of Labor Protection Act:forced bargaining,when the standard of quantity regulated in section 2 of Massive Dismissal of Labor Protection Act is met,the employers have duty to bargain, but when the standard is not met,the employers could rebut the presumption in light of unique circumstances to ensure its freedom to manage its business;the other one has quite indirect impact on relations of employment, so that employers have no duty to bargain over the decisions. The reason why author chooses this approach is mainly because that the workers have committed too much to the enterprise and that job securities are closely related to the workers and even the living of their families.So,workers should participate the managerial decisions with relevance to their job securities appropriately through collective bargaining as first protection for their job.The regulation of negotiation for retaining due to Corporate mergers and acquisitions leads to void of protection of just dismissal cause,which makes the duty to bargain over managerial decision prominent. The question as to whether employers have duty to bargain over managerial decisions which have significant adverse impact on conditions of employment of workers,author expresses reservations due to the lack of clear standard and the way to avoid unduly abridgement of empolyer’s freedom to manage its business. Author recognizes positively that there is a space for empoylers to act unilaterally as well,If wokers have intererests in that kind of decisions,they might seek other way for their participation,like worker participation system which put an emphasis on collaboration between employer and empolyee. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 研究範圍、研究限制以及研究方法 2 第三節 本文架構 3 第二章 經營決策之協商義務-美國法論述 5 第一節 協商義務源起 5 第二節 判例法-有關轉包、自動化之決策 45 第三節 判例法-有關關廠、出售與合併之決策 61 第四節 判例法-有關遷廠、工作移轉之決策以及實務後續發展 85 第五節 本文整理與觀點 93 第三章 經營決策勞工參與及集體協商-他國借鑑 97 第一節 美國集體協商外之勞工參與發展 98 第二節 他國勞工參與及集體協商發展之借鑑 100 第三節 本文整理與觀點 118 第四章 雇主經營決策協商義務-我國法之探討 121 第一節 雇主與勞工權利之憲法依據 121 第二節 我國團體協商相關法規本身之現況 126 第三節 法律概念之解釋與義務協商事項區辨之引介 130 第四節 本文觀點-我國雇主經營決策協商義務之主力借鑑美國法 146 第五章 結論 161 參考文獻 167 附錄 175 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103652014 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 義務協商事項 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 任意協商事項 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 重大經營決策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 協商義務 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作安全 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mandatory subjects en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Permissive subjects en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Major managerial decisions en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Duty to bargain en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Job security en_US dc.title (題名) 雇主就經營決策之協商義務:以美國經驗之探索為中心 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Employers` Duty to Bargain over Managerial Decision : A Focus on Exploring The Experiences in The United States en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一)我國 1專書 1. 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