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題名 影響職業流動性、薪資與薪資溢酬的因素-以專上畢業生及36至45歲壯年人為例 作者 楊琇予 貢獻者 莊奕琦
楊琇予日期 2003 上傳時間 28-九月-2018 17:49:27 (UTC+8) 摘要 在每個人的工作生涯中都作相同的職業或工作算是相當少見，幾乎每個人都有超過一次以上的工作或職業的轉換。人們會換職業以希望找到一個較好的工作契合度以配合他們的能力和興趣，尤其是年輕的工作者，比較會去嘗試不同的職業或者工作，所以大部分的受雇者會不斷地面臨是否留在現在的工作的選擇，或者離職換到相同職業的另一家公司，不然就是換職業。所以我們將人們對於工作的選擇分為三個：第一、留在原來的工作上；第二、換工作不換職業；第三、換工作也換職業。 實證模型方面，我們採用多項選擇logit模式（multinomial logit model）來對職業的流動性進行估計。除了針對專上畢業工作及職業流動性的行為進行研究外，同時我們採用中研院「家庭動態資料庫」，針對36至45歲的壯年族群加以探討，他們已進入職場多年，累積了相當的工作經驗，屬於工作流動性較低的族群，所以我們更想去探討隱藏在其背後的轉換工作及轉換職業的原因。 薪資一直是勞動經濟學領域所研究的重要主題，也是吸引人的課題，但以台灣地區有關薪資決定或勞動報酬而言，初期大多著重總體面的分析，亦即，大多利用部門別或整體經濟的資料來進行分析，直到近幾年來，才有學者研究員工異動行為於異動前後的工資變化。在本文中，除了要探討專上畢業生薪資溢酬之決定因素外，也探討目前的薪資的決定因素，而放入的變數，除了學歷、年資、工作經驗等傳統的變數外，還有如工作轉換次數這個重要變數也會影響個人的薪資及薪資溢酬。 參考文獻 于若蓉（1999），「工作異動與工資變動：台灣的實證研究」，個體計量方法與應用研討會發表論文。張昌吉（1992），「我國勞工薪資所得與決定因素之分析」，勞動學報，第一期，111-126。吳惠林（1988），「專上人力勞動報酬的決定因素－台灣的實證分析」，經濟論文叢刊，16 ; 3 , 357-369。吳忠吉（1980），「高雄加工出口區勞工離職率之研究」，經濟論文叢刊，9 : 2，25-56。吳忠吉（1983），「高雄加工出口區勞工離職率之再研究」，經濟論文叢刊，11，33-60。吳惠林、林嘉慧、藍科正（1993），「台灣的青年人力流動之實證研究」，中國學會論文集，115-141。林祖嘉、徐美（2001），「我國專上畢業生薪資差異與工作轉換行為之研究－高科技與非高科技相關科系之比較」，台灣高科技產業人力問題研討會發表論文。盧信昌、莊如松（1997），「離職與工作異動前後薪資變化之成因探討－以高科技產業技術研發人員為例」，勞資關係論叢，6 : 77-118。陳彥仲（1998），「對多項Logit模型參數指定方式之比較分析」，交大管理學報，第18卷，第二期，171-185。Abraham, K. and Farber, M. (1987), “Do Wages Rise with Senority?”, Review of Economic Studies, vol.54, P437-59.Antel, John J.(1985), “Human Capital Investment Specialization and The Wage Effects of Voluntary Labor Mobility”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, p477-483.Bartel, Ann P. and Borjas George(1978), “Wage Growth and Job Turnover: An Empirical Analysis”, Studies in Labor Markets, June, p65-90.Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital. NBER, New YORK.Booth, A. (1993), “Private Sector Training and Graduate Earning”, Review of Economics and Statistics,vol. 75, P164-70.Borjas, G. and Rosen,S. (1980), “Income Prospects arid Job Mobility of Young Men”, Research in Labor Economics, vol.3, p159-81.Borjas, George J. and Rosen Sherwin(1980), “Income Prospects and Job Mobility of Younger Men “, Research in Labor Economics, v.3, p159-81.Dolton, P. J. and and Makepeace, G.H. (1992), “The Early Careers of 1980 Graduates : Work History, Job Tenure, Career Mobility and Occupational Choice”, Department of Employment Research Paper 79.Dolton, P. J. and Kidd, M. (1993), “Occupational Access and Wage Distribution”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistic, vol.56, no.4, p457-74.Dolton, P. J., Makepeace, G. H. and Van der Klaauw, W. (1989), “Occupational Choice and Earnings Determination : the Role of Sample Selection and Non-pecunary Factors”, Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 41, p573-94.Dolton, Peter J. and Kidd, Michael(1998), “Job Changes, Occupational Mobility and Human Capital Acquisition : An Empirical Analysis”, Bulletin of Economic Research, 50 : 4, P265-95.Greene, W. (1993), Econometric Analysis, 2ⁿᵈ edn. Macmillan, New York.Jovanovic, Boyan(1979), “Firm-specific Capital and Turnover”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 87,no.6, P1246-1260.Jung, Jin Hwa and Magrabi(1991), “Work Experience, Specific Human Capital and Earnings”, Quarterly Review of Economics and Business, vol. 31, no. 1, spring, p15-27.Kumar, P. and Coates, M. L. (1982), “Occupational Earnings, Compensating Differentials, and Human Capital : An Empirical Study”, Canadian Journal of Ecomomics, vol. XV no.3, p442-57.Lillard, L. A. and Tan, H. (1986), “Private Sector Training: Who Gets It and What Are Its Effects?” Rand Corporation.Lipset, Seymour M., and R. Bendix. (1952a), “Social Mobility and Occupational Career Patterns. I. Stability of Job Holding.” American Journal of Sociology 57, January, p366-74.Lipset, Seymour M., and R. Bendix. (1952b), “Social Mobility and Occupational Career Patterns.Ⅱ. Social Mobility.” American Journal of Sociology 57, March, p494-504.Maddala, G. S.(1989), “Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, P22-46.McCall, Brian P. (1990), “Occupational Matching : A Test of Sorts”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 98, no.1, P45-69.McFadden, D. (1973), “Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior” in:Zarembka, P.(ed), Frontiers in Economics, Academic Press, New York.Miller, Robert A. (1984), “Job Matching and Occupational Choice”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 92, no.6, P1086-1120.Mincer, Jacob. (1974), Schooling Experience and Earnings, New Yprk: Columbia University Press for National Bureau of Economic Research.Mincer, Jacob. and Jovanovic, Boyan(1978), “Labor Mobility and Wages”, Studies in Labor Markets, chapter 1, P21-63.Mincer, Jacob. (1986), “Wage Changes in Job Changes” , Research in Labor Economics, V8, Part A, P171-197.Neal, Derek(1995), “Industry-specific Human Capital : Evidence from Displaced Workers”, Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 13, no.4.Near, Derek (1999), “The Complexity of Job Mobility among Young Men”, Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 17, no.2, P237-59.Palmer, Gladys(1954), “Labor Mobility in Six Cities”, New York : Social Science Research Council.Panes, Herbert(1954), “Research on Labor Mobility”, Bulletin no.65 New York: Social Science Research Council.Rosen, Sherwin(1972), “Learning and Experience in The Labor Market”, Journal of Human Resources, 7, summer, P326-42.Schaeffer, Peter(1985), “Human capital Accumulation and Job Mobility”, Journal of Regional Science, vol.25, no.1, P103-114.Shaw, Kathryn L. (1987), “Occupational Change and the Transfer Ability”, Southern Economic Journal, 53(Jan. ), P702-19.Sicherman, Nachum and Oded, Galor (1990), “A Theory of Career mobility “, Journal of Political Economy, vol.98, no.1, P169-92.Spilerman, S. and Foundation, R. S. (1977) “Careers, Labor Market Structure, and Socioeconomic Achievement”, American Journal of Sociology, V.83 no.3, P551-593.Topel, R. (1986), “Job Mobility, Search, and Earnings Growth : A Reinterpretation of Human Capital Earning Functions”, in Ehrenberg, R. G. (ed.), Research in Labor Economics, vol. 8. JAI Press, Greenwich, CN.Topel, R. (1991), “Specific Capital, Mobility, and Wages : Wages Rise with Job Seniority”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 99, no.1Topel, Robert H. and Ward, Michael P.(1992), “Job Mobility and The Career of Young Men”, The Quaterly Journal of Economics, May, p439-479.Weiss, Y. (1971), “Learning by Doing and Occupational Specialization”, Journal of Economic Theorey, vo. 3, p189-98. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學研究所
91資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCU5902012 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 莊奕琦 dc.contributor.author (作者) 楊琇予 dc.creator (作者) 楊琇予 dc.date (日期) 2003 dc.date.accessioned 28-九月-2018 17:49:27 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 28-九月-2018 17:49:27 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 28-九月-2018 17:49:27 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/120206 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 dc.description (描述) 經濟學研究所 dc.description (描述) 91 dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在每個人的工作生涯中都作相同的職業或工作算是相當少見，幾乎每個人都有超過一次以上的工作或職業的轉換。人們會換職業以希望找到一個較好的工作契合度以配合他們的能力和興趣，尤其是年輕的工作者，比較會去嘗試不同的職業或者工作，所以大部分的受雇者會不斷地面臨是否留在現在的工作的選擇，或者離職換到相同職業的另一家公司，不然就是換職業。所以我們將人們對於工作的選擇分為三個：第一、留在原來的工作上；第二、換工作不換職業；第三、換工作也換職業。 實證模型方面，我們採用多項選擇logit模式（multinomial logit model）來對職業的流動性進行估計。除了針對專上畢業工作及職業流動性的行為進行研究外，同時我們採用中研院「家庭動態資料庫」，針對36至45歲的壯年族群加以探討，他們已進入職場多年，累積了相當的工作經驗，屬於工作流動性較低的族群，所以我們更想去探討隱藏在其背後的轉換工作及轉換職業的原因。 薪資一直是勞動經濟學領域所研究的重要主題，也是吸引人的課題，但以台灣地區有關薪資決定或勞動報酬而言，初期大多著重總體面的分析，亦即，大多利用部門別或整體經濟的資料來進行分析，直到近幾年來，才有學者研究員工異動行為於異動前後的工資變化。在本文中，除了要探討專上畢業生薪資溢酬之決定因素外，也探討目前的薪資的決定因素，而放入的變數，除了學歷、年資、工作經驗等傳統的變數外，還有如工作轉換次數這個重要變數也會影響個人的薪資及薪資溢酬。 dc.description.tableofcontents 目次第一章 緒論1第一節 研究動機1第二節 研究方法與架構3第二章 工作和職業流動性與薪資、薪資溢酬的文獻回顧5第一節 有關工作與職業流動性的文獻回顧5第二節 有關薪資與薪資溢酬文獻回顧12第三章 工作與職業的流動性19第一節 工作與職業流動性之實證模型19第二節 專上畢業生基本資料說明與變數分析22第三節 影響職業流動性的因素之實證結果與分析31第四章 影響專上畢業生薪資與薪資溢酬的因素40第一節 薪資與薪資溢酬的決定因素之估計方法40第二節 資料來源與變數分析42第三節 影響薪資之因素的實證結果與分析46第四節 影響薪資溢酬之因素的實證結果與分析51第五章 工作與職業流動性（資料為「家庭動態資料庫」）55第一節 資料來源說明與變數分析55第二節 影響職業流動性的因素之實證結果與分析61第六章 影響薪資與薪資溢酬的因素69第一節 資料來源與變數分析69第二節 影響薪資之因素的實證結果72第三節 影響薪資溢酬之因素的實證結果與分析74第七章 結論與未來研究方向78參考文獻82 dc.format.extent 115 bytes - dc.format.mimetype text/html - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCU5902012 dc.title (題名) 影響職業流動性、薪資與薪資溢酬的因素-以專上畢業生及36至45歲壯年人為例 dc.type (資料類型) thesis dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 于若蓉（1999），「工作異動與工資變動：台灣的實證研究」，個體計量方法與應用研討會發表論文。張昌吉（1992），「我國勞工薪資所得與決定因素之分析」，勞動學報，第一期，111-126。吳惠林（1988），「專上人力勞動報酬的決定因素－台灣的實證分析」，經濟論文叢刊，16 ; 3 , 357-369。吳忠吉（1980），「高雄加工出口區勞工離職率之研究」，經濟論文叢刊，9 : 2，25-56。吳忠吉（1983），「高雄加工出口區勞工離職率之再研究」，經濟論文叢刊，11，33-60。吳惠林、林嘉慧、藍科正（1993），「台灣的青年人力流動之實證研究」，中國學會論文集，115-141。林祖嘉、徐美（2001），「我國專上畢業生薪資差異與工作轉換行為之研究－高科技與非高科技相關科系之比較」，台灣高科技產業人力問題研討會發表論文。盧信昌、莊如松（1997），「離職與工作異動前後薪資變化之成因探討－以高科技產業技術研發人員為例」，勞資關係論叢，6 : 77-118。陳彥仲（1998），「對多項Logit模型參數指定方式之比較分析」，交大管理學報，第18卷，第二期，171-185。Abraham, K. and Farber, M. (1987), “Do Wages Rise with Senority?”, Review of Economic Studies, vol.54, P437-59.Antel, John J.(1985), “Human Capital Investment Specialization and The Wage Effects of Voluntary Labor Mobility”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, p477-483.Bartel, Ann P. and Borjas George(1978), “Wage Growth and Job Turnover: An Empirical Analysis”, Studies in Labor Markets, June, p65-90.Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital. NBER, New YORK.Booth, A. (1993), “Private Sector Training and Graduate Earning”, Review of Economics and Statistics,vol. 75, P164-70.Borjas, G. and Rosen,S. (1980), “Income Prospects arid Job Mobility of Young Men”, Research in Labor Economics, vol.3, p159-81.Borjas, George J. and Rosen Sherwin(1980), “Income Prospects and Job Mobility of Younger Men “, Research in Labor Economics, v.3, p159-81.Dolton, P. J. and and Makepeace, G.H. (1992), “The Early Careers of 1980 Graduates : Work History, Job Tenure, Career Mobility and Occupational Choice”, Department of Employment Research Paper 79.Dolton, P. J. and Kidd, M. (1993), “Occupational Access and Wage Distribution”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistic, vol.56, no.4, p457-74.Dolton, P. J., Makepeace, G. H. and Van der Klaauw, W. (1989), “Occupational Choice and Earnings Determination : the Role of Sample Selection and Non-pecunary Factors”, Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 41, p573-94.Dolton, Peter J. and Kidd, Michael(1998), “Job Changes, Occupational Mobility and Human Capital Acquisition : An Empirical Analysis”, Bulletin of Economic Research, 50 : 4, P265-95.Greene, W. (1993), Econometric Analysis, 2ⁿᵈ edn. Macmillan, New York.Jovanovic, Boyan(1979), “Firm-specific Capital and Turnover”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 87,no.6, P1246-1260.Jung, Jin Hwa and Magrabi(1991), “Work Experience, Specific Human Capital and Earnings”, Quarterly Review of Economics and Business, vol. 31, no. 1, spring, p15-27.Kumar, P. and Coates, M. L. (1982), “Occupational Earnings, Compensating Differentials, and Human Capital : An Empirical Study”, Canadian Journal of Ecomomics, vol. XV no.3, p442-57.Lillard, L. A. and Tan, H. (1986), “Private Sector Training: Who Gets It and What Are Its Effects?” Rand Corporation.Lipset, Seymour M., and R. Bendix. (1952a), “Social Mobility and Occupational Career Patterns. I. Stability of Job Holding.” American Journal of Sociology 57, January, p366-74.Lipset, Seymour M., and R. Bendix. (1952b), “Social Mobility and Occupational Career Patterns.Ⅱ. Social Mobility.” American Journal of Sociology 57, March, p494-504.Maddala, G. S.(1989), “Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, P22-46.McCall, Brian P. (1990), “Occupational Matching : A Test of Sorts”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 98, no.1, P45-69.McFadden, D. (1973), “Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior” in:Zarembka, P.(ed), Frontiers in Economics, Academic Press, New York.Miller, Robert A. (1984), “Job Matching and Occupational Choice”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 92, no.6, P1086-1120.Mincer, Jacob. (1974), Schooling Experience and Earnings, New Yprk: Columbia University Press for National Bureau of Economic Research.Mincer, Jacob. and Jovanovic, Boyan(1978), “Labor Mobility and Wages”, Studies in Labor Markets, chapter 1, P21-63.Mincer, Jacob. (1986), “Wage Changes in Job Changes” , Research in Labor Economics, V8, Part A, P171-197.Neal, Derek(1995), “Industry-specific Human Capital : Evidence from Displaced Workers”, Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 13, no.4.Near, Derek (1999), “The Complexity of Job Mobility among Young Men”, Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 17, no.2, P237-59.Palmer, Gladys(1954), “Labor Mobility in Six Cities”, New York : Social Science Research Council.Panes, Herbert(1954), “Research on Labor Mobility”, Bulletin no.65 New York: Social Science Research Council.Rosen, Sherwin(1972), “Learning and Experience in The Labor Market”, Journal of Human Resources, 7, summer, P326-42.Schaeffer, Peter(1985), “Human capital Accumulation and Job Mobility”, Journal of Regional Science, vol.25, no.1, P103-114.Shaw, Kathryn L. (1987), “Occupational Change and the Transfer Ability”, Southern Economic Journal, 53(Jan. ), P702-19.Sicherman, Nachum and Oded, Galor (1990), “A Theory of Career mobility “, Journal of Political Economy, vol.98, no.1, P169-92.Spilerman, S. and Foundation, R. S. (1977) “Careers, Labor Market Structure, and Socioeconomic Achievement”, American Journal of Sociology, V.83 no.3, P551-593.Topel, R. (1986), “Job Mobility, Search, and Earnings Growth : A Reinterpretation of Human Capital Earning Functions”, in Ehrenberg, R. G. (ed.), Research in Labor Economics, vol. 8. JAI Press, Greenwich, CN.Topel, R. (1991), “Specific Capital, Mobility, and Wages : Wages Rise with Job Seniority”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 99, no.1Topel, Robert H. and Ward, Michael P.(1992), “Job Mobility and The Career of Young Men”, The Quaterly Journal of Economics, May, p439-479.Weiss, Y. (1971), “Learning by Doing and Occupational Specialization”, Journal of Economic Theorey, vo. 3, p189-98.
