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題名 基於狀態的可修改智能合約
State-based modifiable smart contract作者 劉皪
Liu, Lee貢獻者 郁方<br>蕭舜文
Yu, Fang<br>Hsiao, Shun-Wen
劉皪
Liu, Lee關鍵詞 區塊鏈
智能合約
有限狀態機
Solidity
Blockchain
Smart Contract
Finite state machine
Solidity日期 2019 上傳時間 7-八月-2019 16:09:46 (UTC+8) 摘要 部署在區塊鏈上的智能合約意味著不可改變；然而在不同的時間點，各方在實作的過程中，實作的方向跟內容可能會有改變。例如，修復安全問題，因此合約需要被調整或修改。我們提出了一種基於狀態的智能合約框架，可以讓合約順利被修改，已部署的智能合約可以部分地更新邏輯，同時保持先前的狀態一致。具體來說，我們將普通合約劃分為四種不同類型的合約，在框架中合約分別負責不同部分。控制合約使用有限狀態機管理控制邏輯，其中狀態受版本控制保護以區分合約的不同版本；儲存合約會負責儲存不同使用者每一個狀態下的全域變數；主要合約實作應用邏輯的主要部分；更新契約實作以基於狀態的方式設計的程式碼，如此會比較容易更新合約內容。並且，我們已經實施了概念驗證保險智能合約，如何在此框架下開發、部署、執行和更改可修改的智能合約。
A smart contract deployed on the blockchain is meant to be immutable; however, in practice, the consensus and operations among parties may change as time goes by, e.g., to fix security frauds, leading to the need of flexibility on contract modification. We propose a state-based smart contract framework that facilitates contract modification, where a deployed smart contract can be altered partially with update operations or control logic while keeping previous transactions (blocks) consistent.Specifically, we divide an ordinary contract into four functional contracts that are linked by the framework to work together. The control contract manages the control logic with a finite state machine where transactions are guarded with version control to distinguish different versions of the contract; the storage contract that accesses global variables synchronizes the view of state variables; the main contract implements the main part of application logic, and the update contract implements codes that are designed in a state-based fashion to allow to be swapped with update operations.We have implemented a proof-of-concept insurance smart contract to demonstrate how to develop, deploy, execute and alter a modifiable smart contract under the proposed framework.參考文獻 1. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, Nakamoto, Satoshi2. Secure property titles with owner authority, Szabo, Nick3. A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform, Buterin, Vitalik4. Decentralizing privacy: Using blockchain to protect personal data, Zyskind, Guy and Nathan, Oz and Pentland, Alex5. Bitcoin: An innovative alternative digital currency, Grinberg, Reuben6. 11 Blockchain technology: principles and applications, Pilkington, Marc7. Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things, Christidis, Konstantinos and Devetsikiotis, Michael8. Making smart contracts smarter, Luu, Loi and Chu, Duc-Hiep and Olickel, Hrishi and Saxena, Prateek and Hobor, Aquinas9. The DAO (organization)10. Blockchain and smart contracts for insurance: Is the technology mature enough, Gatteschi, Valentina and Lamberti, Fabrizio and Demartini, Claudio and Pranteda, Chiara and Santamara, Victor11. Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger, Wood, Gavin12. The Ethereum block explorer, https://etherscan.io/13. ERC-1504 Upgradable Smart Contract, Kaidong Wu, Chuqiao Ren, Ruthia He, Yun Ma14. Double-spending fast payments in bitcoin, Karame, Ghassan O and Androulaki, Elli and Capkun, Srdjan15. Decentralization in bitcoin and ethereum networks, Gencer, Adem Efe and Basu, Soumya and Eyal, Ittay and Van Renesse, Robbert and Sirer16. Solidity, https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.25/17. Ethereum, Introduction to Smart Contracts, https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.24/18. How to write upgradable smart contracts in solidity, https://medium.com/quillhash/d8f1b95a0e9a19. Ethereum Name Service, https://ens.domains/20. Upgradeable Smart Contracts, https://hackernoon.com/a7e9aef76fdd21. Testing software design modeled by finite-state machines, Chow, Tsun S.22. Finite-state machine - Wikipedia23. Remix - Solidity IDE, https://remix.ethereum.org/ 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理學系
106356003資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1063560032 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 郁方<br>蕭舜文 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Yu, Fang<br>Hsiao, Shun-Wen en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 劉皪 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Liu, Lee en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉皪 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Liu, Lee en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 7-八月-2019 16:09:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 7-八月-2019 16:09:46 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 7-八月-2019 16:09:46 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G1063560032 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/124725 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 資訊管理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106356003 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 部署在區塊鏈上的智能合約意味著不可改變；然而在不同的時間點，各方在實作的過程中，實作的方向跟內容可能會有改變。例如，修復安全問題，因此合約需要被調整或修改。我們提出了一種基於狀態的智能合約框架，可以讓合約順利被修改，已部署的智能合約可以部分地更新邏輯，同時保持先前的狀態一致。具體來說，我們將普通合約劃分為四種不同類型的合約，在框架中合約分別負責不同部分。控制合約使用有限狀態機管理控制邏輯，其中狀態受版本控制保護以區分合約的不同版本；儲存合約會負責儲存不同使用者每一個狀態下的全域變數；主要合約實作應用邏輯的主要部分；更新契約實作以基於狀態的方式設計的程式碼，如此會比較容易更新合約內容。並且，我們已經實施了概念驗證保險智能合約，如何在此框架下開發、部署、執行和更改可修改的智能合約。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) A smart contract deployed on the blockchain is meant to be immutable; however, in practice, the consensus and operations among parties may change as time goes by, e.g., to fix security frauds, leading to the need of flexibility on contract modification. We propose a state-based smart contract framework that facilitates contract modification, where a deployed smart contract can be altered partially with update operations or control logic while keeping previous transactions (blocks) consistent.Specifically, we divide an ordinary contract into four functional contracts that are linked by the framework to work together. The control contract manages the control logic with a finite state machine where transactions are guarded with version control to distinguish different versions of the contract; the storage contract that accesses global variables synchronizes the view of state variables; the main contract implements the main part of application logic, and the update contract implements codes that are designed in a state-based fashion to allow to be swapped with update operations.We have implemented a proof-of-concept insurance smart contract to demonstrate how to develop, deploy, execute and alter a modifiable smart contract under the proposed framework. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 Introduction 1第二章 Related Work 4第一節 Background: Blockchain 4第二節 Background: Smart Contract 5第三節 Background: Smart Contract Language 6第四節 ERC-54 Upgradable Smart Contract (USC) 7第五節 Upgradeable Smart Contract Structure 8第六節 Upgradeable Smart Contracts by CMC 9第三章 Modifiable Smart Contract 11第一節 Overview 11第二節 An Ordinary Smart Contract 14第三節 State-based Contract 16第四節 Control Contract 17第四章 Implementation 18第一節 Implementation of Control Contract 19第二節 Implementation of Storage Contract 22第三節 Implementation of Main Contract 23第四節 Implementation of Update Contract 24第五章 Modification Scenario 25第一節 Change the Application Logic 26第二節 Add a New Function 26第三節 Add a new Storage 28第四節 Case Study: Annuity Insurance 29第六章 Threat Model 33第一節 Unauthorized Modifiaction to Smart Contract 33第二節 The Bad Design the FSM 34第七章 Discussion 34第一節 Storing Global Vriables 34第二節 Generic Programming 35第三節 Cost Issues 35第四節 Compare to Other Modifiable Smart Contract 35第八章 Conclusion 38第九章 References 40 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1127656 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1063560032 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區塊鏈 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智能合約 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 有限狀態機 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Solidity zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blockchain en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Smart Contract en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Finite state machine en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Solidity en_US dc.title (題名) 基於狀態的可修改智能合約 zh_TW dc.title (題名) State-based modifiable smart contract en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, Nakamoto, Satoshi2. Secure property titles with owner authority, Szabo, Nick3. A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform, Buterin, Vitalik4. Decentralizing privacy: Using blockchain to protect personal data, Zyskind, Guy and Nathan, Oz and Pentland, Alex5. Bitcoin: An innovative alternative digital currency, Grinberg, Reuben6. 11 Blockchain technology: principles and applications, Pilkington, Marc7. Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things, Christidis, Konstantinos and Devetsikiotis, Michael8. Making smart contracts smarter, Luu, Loi and Chu, Duc-Hiep and Olickel, Hrishi and Saxena, Prateek and Hobor, Aquinas9. The DAO (organization)10. Blockchain and smart contracts for insurance: Is the technology mature enough, Gatteschi, Valentina and Lamberti, Fabrizio and Demartini, Claudio and Pranteda, Chiara and Santamara, Victor11. Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger, Wood, Gavin12. The Ethereum block explorer, https://etherscan.io/13. ERC-1504 Upgradable Smart Contract, Kaidong Wu, Chuqiao Ren, Ruthia He, Yun Ma14. Double-spending fast payments in bitcoin, Karame, Ghassan O and Androulaki, Elli and Capkun, Srdjan15. Decentralization in bitcoin and ethereum networks, Gencer, Adem Efe and Basu, Soumya and Eyal, Ittay and Van Renesse, Robbert and Sirer16. Solidity, https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.25/17. Ethereum, Introduction to Smart Contracts, https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.24/18. How to write upgradable smart contracts in solidity, https://medium.com/quillhash/d8f1b95a0e9a19. Ethereum Name Service, https://ens.domains/20. Upgradeable Smart Contracts, https://hackernoon.com/a7e9aef76fdd21. Testing software design modeled by finite-state machines, Chow, Tsun S.22. Finite-state machine - Wikipedia23. Remix - Solidity IDE, https://remix.ethereum.org/ zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201900330 en_US
