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題名 買賣雙方及房屋屬性對於不動產議價空間的影響
How attributes of houses, buyers and sellers influence price concession of the real estate market in Taiwan作者 劉家愷
Liu, Chia-Kai貢獻者 陳明吉
劉家愷
Liu, Chia-Kai關鍵詞 議價空間
買賣雙方屬性
特徵價格模型
性別差異
年齡差異
Price concession
Characteristics of buyers and sellers
Hedonic price model
Gender differences
Age difference日期 2019 上傳時間 5-九月-2019 15:43:00 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文研究房屋屬性、買賣雙方屬性與房地產議價空間在台灣的關聯。本文使用民國98年到104年某仲介公司提供之成交價格資料，分析台灣全區及人口最多之四大都市，分別為台北市、新北市、台中市、高雄市，在迴歸模型中分次探討加入房屋屬性變數和買賣雙方屬性變數對議價空間的影響。實證結果發現，大部分房屋屬性對於議價空間的影響皆統計上顯著，如房屋坪數、屋齡、建物房數、建物廳數等，僅少數房屋屬性由於地區上差異轉為不顯著。而買賣雙方屬性中，性別對房價議價空間不具統計上顯著性，也再次解釋在台灣地區，性別差異在價格談判能力上不具影響；年齡則有統計上顯著性，買方年齡中，除台中市外，年齡越大，房屋議價空間越小，呈反向關係；賣方年齡中，除高雄市外，賣方年齡越大，房屋議價空間越大，呈正向關係。買賣方影響力則在不同城市間具有差異，以台灣全區、台北市、新北市、高雄市資料來看，買方影響力較大，而台中市則為買方影響力較大。在性別差異的比較中，買賣雙方無論為同性或異性對於議價空間皆無影響，但考慮到年齡差異的組合比較後，發現賣方為男性且年齡在61~80歲對於買方不同性別和年齡層有明顯的統計顯著結果，相較於其他年齡層，買方在41~60歲的年齡層，議價空間有偏低的現象。
This study examines how attributes of houses as well as buyers and sellers influence price concession of the real estate market in Taiwan. We utilize a real estate firm’s sales data from 2009 to 2015 to analyze the housing market in Taiwan as a whole, and in the four largest cities, Taipei, New Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung. We congregated properties’, buyers’, and sellers’ characteristics into regression analysis as variables, to inspect their statistical significance on price concession.The empirical results show that the majority of housing characteristics listed, such as size, age of building, number of rooms, and number of living areas, are statistically significant on price concession. Only a few attributes are statistically insignificant due to regional preferences. For attributes of buyers and sellers, gender is also statistically insignificant on price concession, indicating that in Taiwan gender caused minimal difference in bargaining power. On the other hand, age is statistically significant, with a positive relationship between seller’s age and price concession with the exception of Kaohsiung, and a negative relationship between buyer’s age and price concession with the exception of Taichung. The party with bigger bargaining power also variates between different cities, while buyer holds a bigger influence in Taipei, New Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Taiwan as a whole, in Taichung the power leans more toward the seller.As for gender differences, neither are sellers’ nor buyers’ gender are statistically significant towards price concession. But when we take age groups into consideration, male sellers that are 61~80 years old is statistically significant towards buyers of other gender and age groups, especially when the buyer is at 41~60 years old, statistics show the range for price concession is lower.參考文獻 Amanatullah, E. T. and M. W. Morris (2010). Negotiating gender roles: Gender differences in assertive negotiating are mediated by women’s fear of backlash and attenuated when negotiating on behalf of others. Journal of personality and social psychology, 98(2), 256.Asabere, P. K. and F. E. Huffman (1993). Price concessions, time on the market, and the actual sale price of homes. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 6(2), 167-174.Babcock, L., S. Laschever, M. Gelfand, and D. Small (2003). Nice girls don’t ask. Harvard Business Review, 81(10), 14-16.Barber, B. M. and T. Odean (2001). Boys will be boys: Gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment. The quarterly journal of economics, 116(1), 261-292.Björklund, K., J. Alex Dadzie and M. Wilhelmsson (2006). Offer price, transaction price and time-on-market. Property Management, 24(4), 415-426.Calvi, R. (2017). Why are older women missing in India? The age profile of bargaining power and poverty.Correll, S. J., S. Benard, and I. Paik (2007). Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty?. American journal of sociology, 112(5), 1297-1338.Donald, J., S. Terry and W. Daniel (1996). Time on the market: the impact of residential brokerage. Journal of Real Estate Research, 12(2), 447-458.Greenberg, D., J. Ladge and J. Clair (2009). Negotiating pregnancy at work: public and private conflicts. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 2(1), 42-56.Harding, J. P., S. S. Rosenthal and C. F. Sirmans (2003). Estimating bargaining power in the market for existing homes. Review of Economics and statistics, 85(1), 178-188.Jacobsen, B., J. B. Lee, W. Marquering and C. Y. Zhang (2014). Gender differences in optimism and asset allocation. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 107, 630-651.Jud, G. D., D. T. Winkler and G. E. Kissling (1995). Price spreads and residential housing market liquidity. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 11(3), 251-260.Knight, J. R. (2002). Listing price, time on market, and ultimate selling price: Causes and effects of listing price changes. Real estate economics, 30(2), 213-237.Kolb, D. M. (2009). Too bad for the women or does it have to be? Gender and negotiation research over the past twenty‐five years. Negotiation Journal, 25(4), 515-531.Kray, L. J., L. Thompson and A. Galinsky (2001). Battle of the sexes: gender stereotype confirmation and reactance in negotiations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 80(6), 942.Kray, L. and L. Babcock (2006). Gender in negotiations: A motivated social cognitive analysis. Negotiation theory and research, 11, 203-224.Murnighan, J. K., & Saxon, M. S. (1998). Ultimatum bargaining by children and adults. Journal of Economic Psychology, 19(4), 415-445.Rosen, S. (1974). Hedonic prices and implicit markets: product differentiation in pure competition. Journal of political economy, 82(1), 34-55.Selim, H. (2009). Determinants of house prices in Turkey: Hedonic regression versus artificial neural network. Expert systems with Applications, 36(2), 2843-2852.Sirmans, S., D. Macpherson and E. Zietz (2005). The composition of hedonic pricing models. Journal of real estate literature, 13(1), 1-44.Stevens, C. K., A. G. Bavetta and M. E. Gist (1993). Gender differences in the acquisition of salary negotiation skills: the role of goals, self-efficacy, and perceived control. Journal of applied psychology, 78(5), 723.Tsai, I. C. (2018). Investigating Gender Differences in Real Estate Trading Sentiments. The American Economist, 63(2), 187-214.Witte, A. D., H. J. Sumka and H. Erekson (1979). An estimate of a structural hedonic price model of the housing market: an application of Rosen`s theory of implicit markets. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1151-1173.林祖嘉, & 林素菁. (1994). 台灣地區住宅需求價格彈性與所得彈性之估計. 住宅學報, (2), 25-48.彭建文, & 賴鳴美. (2006). 賣方訂價策略對成交價格之影響分析. JOURNAL OF HOUSING, 15(1). 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財務管理學系
1063570172資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1063570172 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳明吉 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 劉家愷 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Liu, Chia-Kai en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉家愷 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Liu, Chia-Kai en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-九月-2019 15:43:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-九月-2019 15:43:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-九月-2019 15:43:00 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G1063570172 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125521 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 財務管理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 1063570172 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文研究房屋屬性、買賣雙方屬性與房地產議價空間在台灣的關聯。本文使用民國98年到104年某仲介公司提供之成交價格資料，分析台灣全區及人口最多之四大都市，分別為台北市、新北市、台中市、高雄市，在迴歸模型中分次探討加入房屋屬性變數和買賣雙方屬性變數對議價空間的影響。實證結果發現，大部分房屋屬性對於議價空間的影響皆統計上顯著，如房屋坪數、屋齡、建物房數、建物廳數等，僅少數房屋屬性由於地區上差異轉為不顯著。而買賣雙方屬性中，性別對房價議價空間不具統計上顯著性，也再次解釋在台灣地區，性別差異在價格談判能力上不具影響；年齡則有統計上顯著性，買方年齡中，除台中市外，年齡越大，房屋議價空間越小，呈反向關係；賣方年齡中，除高雄市外，賣方年齡越大，房屋議價空間越大，呈正向關係。買賣方影響力則在不同城市間具有差異，以台灣全區、台北市、新北市、高雄市資料來看，買方影響力較大，而台中市則為買方影響力較大。在性別差異的比較中，買賣雙方無論為同性或異性對於議價空間皆無影響，但考慮到年齡差異的組合比較後，發現賣方為男性且年齡在61~80歲對於買方不同性別和年齡層有明顯的統計顯著結果，相較於其他年齡層，買方在41~60歲的年齡層，議價空間有偏低的現象。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines how attributes of houses as well as buyers and sellers influence price concession of the real estate market in Taiwan. We utilize a real estate firm’s sales data from 2009 to 2015 to analyze the housing market in Taiwan as a whole, and in the four largest cities, Taipei, New Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung. We congregated properties’, buyers’, and sellers’ characteristics into regression analysis as variables, to inspect their statistical significance on price concession.The empirical results show that the majority of housing characteristics listed, such as size, age of building, number of rooms, and number of living areas, are statistically significant on price concession. Only a few attributes are statistically insignificant due to regional preferences. For attributes of buyers and sellers, gender is also statistically insignificant on price concession, indicating that in Taiwan gender caused minimal difference in bargaining power. On the other hand, age is statistically significant, with a positive relationship between seller’s age and price concession with the exception of Kaohsiung, and a negative relationship between buyer’s age and price concession with the exception of Taichung. The party with bigger bargaining power also variates between different cities, while buyer holds a bigger influence in Taipei, New Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Taiwan as a whole, in Taichung the power leans more toward the seller.As for gender differences, neither are sellers’ nor buyers’ gender are statistically significant towards price concession. But when we take age groups into consideration, male sellers that are 61~80 years old is statistically significant towards buyers of other gender and age groups, especially when the buyer is at 41~60 years old, statistics show the range for price concession is lower. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機 1第二節 研究問題與目的 2第三節 研究架構 3第二章 文獻回顧 4第一節 特徵價格模型 4第二節 買賣雙方屬性對於投資活動應用 6第三節 不同性別與年齡談判力差異 7第四節 議價空間 10第三章 研究方法 12第一節 研究理論—特徵價格模型 12第二節 迴歸模型探討—議價空間 13第四章 資料與實證分析 15第一節 台灣房地產資料分析 15（一） 資料描述—住宅交易資料 15（二） 全台灣房地產簡單統計量 16第二節 性別和年齡對議價空間之實證結果 20第三節 性別及年齡差異對議價空間之實證結果 31第五章 結論 35參考資料 37 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1239816 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1063570172 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 議價空間 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 買賣雙方屬性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 特徵價格模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別差異 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 年齡差異 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Price concession en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Characteristics of buyers and sellers en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hedonic price model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gender differences en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Age difference en_US dc.title (題名) 買賣雙方及房屋屬性對於不動產議價空間的影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) How attributes of houses, buyers and sellers influence price concession of the real estate market in Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Amanatullah, E. T. and M. W. Morris (2010). Negotiating gender roles: Gender differences in assertive negotiating are mediated by women’s fear of backlash and attenuated when negotiating on behalf of others. Journal of personality and social psychology, 98(2), 256.Asabere, P. K. and F. E. Huffman (1993). Price concessions, time on the market, and the actual sale price of homes. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 6(2), 167-174.Babcock, L., S. Laschever, M. Gelfand, and D. Small (2003). Nice girls don’t ask. Harvard Business Review, 81(10), 14-16.Barber, B. M. and T. Odean (2001). Boys will be boys: Gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment. The quarterly journal of economics, 116(1), 261-292.Björklund, K., J. Alex Dadzie and M. Wilhelmsson (2006). Offer price, transaction price and time-on-market. Property Management, 24(4), 415-426.Calvi, R. (2017). Why are older women missing in India? The age profile of bargaining power and poverty.Correll, S. J., S. Benard, and I. Paik (2007). Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty?. American journal of sociology, 112(5), 1297-1338.Donald, J., S. Terry and W. Daniel (1996). Time on the market: the impact of residential brokerage. Journal of Real Estate Research, 12(2), 447-458.Greenberg, D., J. Ladge and J. Clair (2009). Negotiating pregnancy at work: public and private conflicts. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 2(1), 42-56.Harding, J. P., S. S. Rosenthal and C. F. Sirmans (2003). Estimating bargaining power in the market for existing homes. Review of Economics and statistics, 85(1), 178-188.Jacobsen, B., J. B. Lee, W. Marquering and C. Y. Zhang (2014). Gender differences in optimism and asset allocation. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 107, 630-651.Jud, G. D., D. T. Winkler and G. E. Kissling (1995). Price spreads and residential housing market liquidity. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 11(3), 251-260.Knight, J. R. (2002). Listing price, time on market, and ultimate selling price: Causes and effects of listing price changes. Real estate economics, 30(2), 213-237.Kolb, D. M. (2009). Too bad for the women or does it have to be? Gender and negotiation research over the past twenty‐five years. Negotiation Journal, 25(4), 515-531.Kray, L. J., L. Thompson and A. Galinsky (2001). Battle of the sexes: gender stereotype confirmation and reactance in negotiations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 80(6), 942.Kray, L. and L. Babcock (2006). Gender in negotiations: A motivated social cognitive analysis. Negotiation theory and research, 11, 203-224.Murnighan, J. K., & Saxon, M. S. (1998). Ultimatum bargaining by children and adults. Journal of Economic Psychology, 19(4), 415-445.Rosen, S. (1974). Hedonic prices and implicit markets: product differentiation in pure competition. Journal of political economy, 82(1), 34-55.Selim, H. (2009). Determinants of house prices in Turkey: Hedonic regression versus artificial neural network. Expert systems with Applications, 36(2), 2843-2852.Sirmans, S., D. Macpherson and E. Zietz (2005). The composition of hedonic pricing models. Journal of real estate literature, 13(1), 1-44.Stevens, C. K., A. G. Bavetta and M. E. Gist (1993). Gender differences in the acquisition of salary negotiation skills: the role of goals, self-efficacy, and perceived control. Journal of applied psychology, 78(5), 723.Tsai, I. C. (2018). Investigating Gender Differences in Real Estate Trading Sentiments. The American Economist, 63(2), 187-214.Witte, A. D., H. J. Sumka and H. Erekson (1979). An estimate of a structural hedonic price model of the housing market: an application of Rosen`s theory of implicit markets. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1151-1173.林祖嘉, & 林素菁. (1994). 台灣地區住宅需求價格彈性與所得彈性之估計. 住宅學報, (2), 25-48.彭建文, & 賴鳴美. (2006). 賣方訂價策略對成交價格之影響分析. JOURNAL OF HOUSING, 15(1). zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201900840 en_US
