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題名 金融科技發展下我國金融消費者保護法之因應-以機器人投顧之義務為中心
The Response of Financial Consumer Protection Act For the Development of FinTech:Focusing on the Obligation of Robo-Advisors作者 翁嘉均
Weng, Chia-Chun貢獻者 張冠群
翁嘉均
Weng, Chia-Chun關鍵詞 機器人投資顧問
金融消費者保護法
受任人義務
適合性義務
說明義務
Robo-Advisors
Financial Consumer Protection Act
Fiduciary Duty
Suitability Obligation
Duty of Disclosure日期 2019 上傳時間 5-九月-2019 16:24:34 (UTC+8) 摘要 機器人投資顧問提供投資人透過低成本、低門檻接受個人化投資管理服務,在各國政府對於金融科技發展持開放態度,且年輕世代對於網路依存度高之背景下,機器人投資顧問得以在近年間於各地蓬勃發展。我國目前對機器人投資顧問業者尚未設有專法因應,但自國際競爭及產業整體發展的角度以觀,機器人投資顧問實為產業發展之重要議題,且所可能衍生的風險也不容小覷。本文以機器人投資顧問適用我國金融消費者保護法後所可能出現的爭議,提出以下問題,分別為「金融消費者保護法的受任人義務內涵、能否履行受任人義務、受任人義務如何調整、風險及利益衝突之監管、金融消費者之保障」,透過相關法規之立法理由、實務判決見解、分析國內外學者文獻及比較法包括美國、英國等為主要研究方法,借鑒他國監理機關之觀點,進而針對以上議題分析提出個人建議,並供立法者及主管機關參考。研究結論與建議上,本文認為我國金融消費者保護法規定之受任人義務中,善良管理人注意義務即為適合性義務與說明義務的履行,另可將資訊揭露視為其忠實義務之一環,並透過法理解釋或修改法規的方式,進而調整或界定機器人投資顧問之受任人義務,主管機關也應針對機器人投資顧問的服務模式,重新檢視過往對於傳統投資顧問的監管法規,並補足自動化服務要點的缺失,完善演算法監理及風險揭露要求,俾使其能夠於金融市場上穩定經營,於促進金融創新及保障金融消費者間取得平衡。
Robo-advisors offer investors access to personalized investment management services at low cost and with low barriers to entry. Robo-advisors have flourished in recent years in a world where governments are open to FinTech development and young people rely heavily on the Internet. At present, there is no specific method to deal with Robo-advisors in Taiwan, however, from the perspective of international competition and the overall development of the industry, Robo-advisors are indeed an important topic of FinTech innovation, and the risks it may generate should not be underestimated.Based on the possible disputes arising from the application of Financial Consumer Protection Act by Robo-advisors, this paper proposes the following questions, which are respectively “the connotation of the fiduciary duty of the financial consumer protection act, whether the fiduciary duty can be fulfilled, how the fiduciary duty can be adjusted, the regulation of risks and conflicts of interest, and the protection of financial consumers.”. Through the legislative reasons of relevant laws and regulations, practical judgment opinions, analysis of domestic and foreign scholars` literatures and comparative laws, including the United States and the United Kingdom, etc., as the main research methods, this paper draws on the views of other countries` regulatory authorities, and then puts forward personal suggestions on the above issues for the reference of legislators and competent authorities.In conclusion and suggestions, this paper argues that the duty of care of fiduciary duty is the fulfillment of the suitability obligation and duty of disclosure, and the disclosure of information can be regarded as a part of the duty of loyalty. 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國立政治大學
法律學系
1066510381資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1066510381 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 張冠群 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 翁嘉均 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Weng, Chia-Chun en_US dc.creator (作者) 翁嘉均 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Weng, Chia-Chun en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-九月-2019 16:24:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-九月-2019 16:24:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-九月-2019 16:24:34 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G1066510381 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125681 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 1066510381 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 機器人投資顧問提供投資人透過低成本、低門檻接受個人化投資管理服務,在各國政府對於金融科技發展持開放態度,且年輕世代對於網路依存度高之背景下,機器人投資顧問得以在近年間於各地蓬勃發展。我國目前對機器人投資顧問業者尚未設有專法因應,但自國際競爭及產業整體發展的角度以觀,機器人投資顧問實為產業發展之重要議題,且所可能衍生的風險也不容小覷。本文以機器人投資顧問適用我國金融消費者保護法後所可能出現的爭議,提出以下問題,分別為「金融消費者保護法的受任人義務內涵、能否履行受任人義務、受任人義務如何調整、風險及利益衝突之監管、金融消費者之保障」,透過相關法規之立法理由、實務判決見解、分析國內外學者文獻及比較法包括美國、英國等為主要研究方法,借鑒他國監理機關之觀點,進而針對以上議題分析提出個人建議,並供立法者及主管機關參考。研究結論與建議上,本文認為我國金融消費者保護法規定之受任人義務中,善良管理人注意義務即為適合性義務與說明義務的履行,另可將資訊揭露視為其忠實義務之一環,並透過法理解釋或修改法規的方式,進而調整或界定機器人投資顧問之受任人義務,主管機關也應針對機器人投資顧問的服務模式,重新檢視過往對於傳統投資顧問的監管法規,並補足自動化服務要點的缺失,完善演算法監理及風險揭露要求,俾使其能夠於金融市場上穩定經營,於促進金融創新及保障金融消費者間取得平衡。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Robo-advisors offer investors access to personalized investment management services at low cost and with low barriers to entry. Robo-advisors have flourished in recent years in a world where governments are open to FinTech development and young people rely heavily on the Internet. At present, there is no specific method to deal with Robo-advisors in Taiwan, however, from the perspective of international competition and the overall development of the industry, Robo-advisors are indeed an important topic of FinTech innovation, and the risks it may generate should not be underestimated.Based on the possible disputes arising from the application of Financial Consumer Protection Act by Robo-advisors, this paper proposes the following questions, which are respectively “the connotation of the fiduciary duty of the financial consumer protection act, whether the fiduciary duty can be fulfilled, how the fiduciary duty can be adjusted, the regulation of risks and conflicts of interest, and the protection of financial consumers.”. Through the legislative reasons of relevant laws and regulations, practical judgment opinions, analysis of domestic and foreign scholars` literatures and comparative laws, including the United States and the United Kingdom, etc., as the main research methods, this paper draws on the views of other countries` regulatory authorities, and then puts forward personal suggestions on the above issues for the reference of legislators and competent authorities.In conclusion and suggestions, this paper argues that the duty of care of fiduciary duty is the fulfillment of the suitability obligation and duty of disclosure, and the disclosure of information can be regarded as a part of the duty of loyalty. Through legal interpretation or modify the regulations, and then adjust or define Robo-advisors’ fiduciary duty, the competent authority should also aim at the service mode of Robo-advisors, to review the past for the traditional investment advisers regulations, and make up the lack of Securities Investment Trust & Consulting Association of the R.O.C. Guidelines for Securities Investment Consulting Services of Securities Investment Consulting Enterprises (SICEs) with Automated Tools (Robo-Advisor), improve the algorithms supervision and risk disclosure requirements, which allow it to financial market stability and operation, to reach the balance between promoting financial innovation and protecting financial consumers. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目次第一章、 緒論 1第一節、 研究動機及目的 1第一項、 研究動機 1第二項、 研究目的 2第二節、 研究方法與架構 4第一項、 研究方法 4第一款、 文獻分析法 4第二款、 比較法 4第二項、 研究架構 4第二章、 機器人投資顧問的發展與現況 6第一節、 機器人投資顧問的過去與現在 6第一項、 FinTech發展現況 6第二項、 傳統投資顧問之定義及功能 7第三項、 機器人投資顧問 8第一款、 機器人投資顧問之定義 8第二款、 機器人投資顧問的運作流程 9第三款、 機器人投資顧問的演進 11第四款、 機器人投資顧問類型 12第四項、 外國機器人投資顧問的實務現況 12第一款、 美國 12第二款、 英國 15第五項、 我國機器人投資顧問的實務現況 17第二節、 機器人投資顧問的優勢與風險 20第一項、 機器人投資顧問之優勢 20第一款、 普惠金融 20第二款、 降低交易成本 21第三款、 活絡集中市場交易 23第二項、 機器人投資顧問之風險 23第一款、 投資組合過於集中 23第二款、 演算法之瑕疵與限制 24第三款、 大量且重複的交易行為 25第四款、 演算法程式無人力介入 26第三項、 小結 26第三章、 機器人投資顧問於我國金融消費者保護法之適用 27第一節、 傳統投資顧問對投資人所應負之義務 27第一項、 受任人義務 27第一款、 美國法之受任人義務標準 28第二款、 英國法之受任人義務標準 35第三款、 我國金融消費者保護法之受任人義務標準 38第四款、 本文見解 45第二項、 適合性義務 46第一款、 我國法 46第二款、 美國法 48第三款、 英國法 50第四款、 小結 54第三項、 說明義務 55第一款、 我國法 55第二款、 美國法 56第三款、 英國法 58第四款、 小結 60第四項、 違反義務的法律效果 60第一款、 違反受任人義務的法律效果 60第二款、 違反適合性義務及說明義務的法律效果 61第三款、 行政罰相關規定 62第二節、 機器人投顧於我國金融消費者保護法的適用爭議 63第一項、 機器人投資顧問對投資人之受任人義務 64第一款、 機器人投資顧問無法履行受任人義務 64第二款、 重塑機器人投資顧問之受任人義務 67第三款、 小結 70第三節、 機器人投資顧問如何自動化履行適合性義務及說明義務 71第一項、 如何自動化履行適合性義務 71第二項、 如何自動化履行說明義務 72第四章、 機器人投資顧問的監管措施及金融消費者保護措施 74第一節、 演算法設計的相關監管措施 74第一項、 演算法設計之利益衝突 75第一款、 與自身關係企業合作及推介關聯商品或服務 75第二款、 現金佔資產配置比例過高 76第三款、 如何降低演算法設計之利益衝突 77第二項、 薪酬獎勵及報酬收入之利益衝突 77第一款、 投資顧問業者之薪酬制度規範 78第二款、 投資顧問的報酬收入規範 80第三項、 演算法之內部監督機制 83第一款、 定期檢視演算法模型 83第二款、 適度的人工干預機制 86第二節、 強化資訊揭露與透明度 87第一項、 機器人投資顧問之資訊揭露 87第一款、 美國 87第二款、 英國 88第三款、 我國 89第二項、 增加資訊揭露的內容 89第一款、 績效模擬的資料及警語 90第二款、 投資標的的選擇依據 92第三節、 主管機關之其它監管措施 92第一項、 建立資訊揭露標準 93第一款、 美國法 93第二款、 英國法 93第三款、 我國法 93第二項、 重新檢視現行法規 94第三項、 成立金融教育專責機構 95第一款、 美國 96第二款、 英國金融行為監理局 97第三款、 財團法人金融消費評議中心 97第五章、 結論與建議 99第一節、 研究結論 99第一項、 機器人投資顧問於我國發展現況 99第二項、 機器人投資顧問的優勢與風險 99第三項、 我國金融消保法之受任人義務內涵 99第四項、 投資顧問受任人義務之外國法比較 100第五項、 機器人投資顧問仍能盡其受任人義務 100第六項、 機器人投資顧問的其它風險 100第二節、 本文建議 101第一項、 彈性調整金融消保法之義務 101第二項、 透過科技落實適合性義務及說明義務 101第三項、 演算法監管及資訊揭露 102第四項、 重新檢視監管法規 102第五項、 加強教育金融消費者 103參考文獻 105 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1066510381 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 機器人投資顧問 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金融消費者保護法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 受任人義務 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 適合性義務 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 說明義務 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Robo-Advisors en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Financial Consumer Protection Act en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fiduciary Duty en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Suitability Obligation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Duty of Disclosure en_US dc.title (題名) 金融科技發展下我國金融消費者保護法之因應-以機器人投顧之義務為中心 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Response of Financial Consumer Protection Act For the Development of FinTech:Focusing on the Obligation of Robo-Advisors en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻壹、 中文文獻(按作者姓氏字母順序排列)一、 中文書籍1. 王文宇,金融法,元照出版,2016年2月,第9版。2. 王志誠,信託法,新學林,2016年3月,第5版。3. 王志誠,現代金融法,新學林,2013年10月,第2版。4. 謝哲勝,信託法,元照出版社,2014年8月,第4版。5. 協合國際法律事務所,金融科技發展與法律,五南出版社,2018年4月,第2版。二、 期刊專論1. 王文宇,法律移植的契機與挑戰-以公司法的受託、注意與忠實義務為中心,月旦民商法雜誌,第19期,頁81-91,2008年3月。2. 李儀坤,日本開放銀行業金融數據共享之現況發展,存款保險資訊季刊,第31卷,第2期,頁38-55,2018年6月。3. 沈大白,開放銀行的發展趨勢與因應之道,會計研究月刊,第398期,頁42-45,2019年1月。4. 林育廷,論金融專業人員的信賴義務,東吳法律學報,第20卷,第4期,頁213-249,2009年4月。5. 陳佑寰,以適合性原則與說明義務為中心談金融消費者之保護—最高法院連動債判決談起,全國律師,第20卷,第10期,頁26-41,2016年10月。6. 陳英慧,Open Banking對金融業之機會與挑戰,彰銀資料,第67卷,第12期,頁1-6,2018年12月。7. 許永明,英國銀行保險制度之革新,保險經營與制度,第12卷,第2期,頁159-174,2013年9月。8. 張冠群,金融商品銷售適合性原則之法制分析-兼評台灣金融服務法草案第三十一條及相關規定,國立高雄大學法學論叢,第5期,頁133-178,2009年9月。9. 張冠群,投資保險保險人說明義務之內容與履行方法/台高院101保險上易8判決,台灣法學雜誌,第252期,頁205-214,2014年7月。10. 張冠群,自金融監理原則與金融消費者保護觀點論金融科技監理沙盒制度──兼評行政院版「金融科技創新實驗條例草案」,月旦法學雜誌,第266期,頁5-34,2017年7月。11. 張明珠,專題二-淺談機器人理財在台灣未來之發展,證券暨期貨月刊,第37卷,第1期,頁14-24,2019年1月。12. 蔡昌憲、廖沿臻,論我國金融消費者保護法之說明義務及適合度規定-以日本法為參考,東海大學法學研究,第 46 期,頁 1-60,2015年8月。三、 學位論文1. 江家儀,我國證券投資顧問(事業)規範之問題探討─附論金融商品推介行為之規範設計,國立臺灣大學法律學系碩士論文,2010年10月。2. 林鈺凱,機器人理財之風險管理功能與監理法制探討,國立政治大學法學院碩士在職專班碩士論文,2018年7月。3. 鄭郁萱,金融服務業提供金融商品或服務的忠實義務,國立中正大學法律研究所碩士論文,2014年7月。4. 劉容如,銀行銷售衍生性金融商品之金融消費者保護法制-以適合性原則及說明義務為中心,國立政治大學法學院碩士在職專班碩士論文,2018年7月。四、 研究計畫1. 王儷容、王煦棋,我國境外結構型商品監理架構與外國監理法制之比較研究,行政院金融監督管理委員會委託研究,2016年11月。2. 李映瑾,指數股票型基金(ETF)全球發展概況與可能影響,台北外匯市場發展基金會委託計畫,2018年4月。3. 洪志麟、賴冠妤、陳國瑞、呂馥伊,機器人投資顧問(Robo-Advisor)國外實務及相關法令與管理措施之研究,中華民國證券投資信託暨顧問商業同業公會委託研究,2016年7月。4. 財團法人中華民國證券暨期貨市場發展基金會,我國發展機器人理財顧問之研究,資產管理產業發展與人才培育基金委託專題研究,2018年1月。五、 網路資源1. 王道銀行。https://www.o-bank.com/web/event/robot_1060710/index.html2. 大拇哥TAROBO投顧。https://www.taroboadvisors.com/about3. 中華民國證券投資信託暨顧問商業同業公會,全權委託業務統計表。https://www.sitca.org.tw/ROC/Industry/IN4001.aspx?PGMID=IN04014. 中信智動GO。https://www.ctbcbank.com/html/ebank/ROBOGO/index.html#45. 林讓均,你搞懂什麼是「RDR基金」了嗎?https://www.gvm.com.tw/article.html?id=368956. 李靜宜,專訪英國政府CMA開放銀行業務負責人,開放銀行英國經驗大公開。https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/1283187. 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Mr.Fintech,北富銀入股英FinTech公司,ThinkFinTech。http://www.thinkfintech.tw/Article?q=643325821859146032914. 張道宜,靠機器人理財 真能穩賺不賠?,今周刊。http://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/80401/post/201708170023/%E9%9D%A0%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E7%90%86%E8%B2%A1%20%E7%9C%9F%E8%83%BD%E7%A9%A9%E8%B3%BA%E4%B8%8D%E8%B3%A0%EF%BC%9F貳、 英文文獻(按作者姓氏字母順序排列)一、 英文書籍1. Frankel, Tamar (1st ed., 2011). FIDUCIARY LAW. Oxford University Press.2. Zokaityte, Asta (1st ed. 2017). FINANCIAL LITERACY EDUCATION. Palgrave Macmillan.二、 期刊專論1. Arner, Douglas W., Barberis, Jànos, & P. Buckley, Ross, The Evolution of FinTech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm?, 47 GEORGETOWN J. INT’L L. 1272, (2016).2. Ayres, Ian, & Fox, Edward, Alpha Duties: The Search For Excess Returns And Appropriate Fiduciary Duties, 97 TEX. L. REV. 445, (2019).3. Ben-Shahar, Omri & Schneider, Carl E., The Failure Of Mandated Disclosure, 159 U. PA. L. REV. 647, (2011).4. 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