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題名 國會助理立法涉入之研究:以第九屆立法院為例
The Legislative Involvement of Congressional Assistants: The Case of Legislative Yuan from 2016 to 2019
作者 歐陽正霆
Ouyang, Cheng-Ting
貢獻者 盛杏湲
Sheng, Shing-Yuan
歐陽正霆
Ouyang, Cheng-Ting
關鍵詞 立法院
立法參與
國會助理
立法涉入
Legislative Yuan
Legislative Participation
Congressional assistants
Legislative Involvement
日期 2019
上傳時間 6-Dec-2019 09:27:18 (UTC+8)
摘要 政治學界針對國會所累積研究不勝枚舉,但其中有關國會助理的研究並不多,在有限的文獻中,學界普遍肯定國會助理的重要性,也進一步指出可將國會議員與助理視為政治生命共同體,亦或同屬一政治企業的共同夥伴。然而既有研究大多僅透過推論或旁敲側擊的方式來了解國會助理,並無較完整的理論工具來剖析助理對立法問政的涉入情形。\n因此本文針對於第九屆立法院服務之立法委員與法案助理,進行深入訪談與問卷調查,文中提出並界定了立法涉入的概念,同時以問政情境、問政方式、分工及溝通模式等角度切入,除描述助理的立法涉入程度外,筆者也提出了一套理論架構,試圖解釋為何助理在不同情況下立法涉入的程度會有差異。\n研究結果發現,助理的確是立法運作中重要的一環,在議題設定、討論及決策等過程中,均有相當程度參與,證明了過去學界有關政治企業與生命共同體的推論並無訛誤。但立法委員絕非橡皮圖章照單全收,還是相當的有自己的想法。同時也發現了立法委員若較重視該次問政,會有較高的自主性,因而予助理較低的授權程度,同時也會更積極與助理討論以尋求協助及確保問政結果符合己意。再者,研究結果顯示,由於立法委員會考量問政方式的政治風險與對其之關心程度,因此助理的立法涉入空間會因為問政方式而有所不同。最後在分工模式部分,相較於「立委強勢型」,「助理強勢型」分工模式下,助理大致上會有較高的立法涉入空間,證明了在分析助理的立法涉入程度時,應將立法委員與助理的資深程度併同納入分析。
There were many inspiring researches on congress in the past, but rarely on congressional assistants. In a limited literature, the academic community generally recognized the importance of congressional assistants. Furthermore, researchers point out congress members and their assistants can be regarded as a single political career community, or partners of one enterprise. However, most of the existed theses only analyze congressional assistants through inference or indirect approach. There is no complete theoretical tool to analyze the involvement of the assistants in legislative progress.\nTherefore, this thesis conducts interviews and surveys of the legislators and legislative assistants of the ninth Legislative Yuan, and defines the concept of legislative involvement. At the same time, the thesis also examines how the situation, type, domination, and communication of representatives can influence legislative involvement of assistants. In addition to describing the actual picture of assistants’ legislative involvement, I also propose a theoretical framework to explain why the legislative involvement of the assistants is quite different, depending on circumstances.\nThe study finds that legislative assistants do play an important role in Legislative Yuan and soak in the representatives’ activities, such as setting agenda, discussing, and the process of decision-making.. It reveals that the views of political enterprises and career communities in the past are correct. However, it does not mean the legislators are just rubber stamps. On the contrary, they are rather independent. When members pay more attention to a legislative activitity, they will hold onto the process more autonomously. As a result, they would give assistants a lower authorization and discuss with assistants more frequently to ensure the consequences match their expectaions. The results also reveal that legislators consider their own concerns and political risks of representative behavior, as results the involvement of the assistants vary as the type of representative behavior different. At last, compared to “legislator-dominated” division mode, assistants get involved more deeply in “assistant-dominated” mode. It also proves researchers need to take both the seniorities of legislator and assistants into consideration, instead of analyzing them separately.
參考文獻 A. 英文部分\nButler, Warren H.. 1966. “Administering Congress: The Role of the Staff.” Public Administration Review 26(1):3-13.\n\nCarmines, Edward G., Matthew Fowler. 2017. “The Temptation of Executive Authority: How Increased Polarization and the Decline in Legislative Capacity Have Contributed to the Expansion of Presidential Power.” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 24(2):369-398.\n\nCox, Gary W. and Mathew D. McCubbins. 1993. Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House. Berkeley: University of California Press.\n\nDavidson, Roger H. and Walter J. Oleszek. 2010. Congress and Its Members. Washington D.C: A Division of Congressional Quarterly Inc.\n\nDeGregorio, Christine, and Kevin Snider.1995. “Leadership Appeal in the U.S. House of Representatives: Comparing Office holders and Aides.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 20:491-511.\n\nDeGregorio, Christine. 1996. Networks of Champions: Leadership, Access, and Advocacy in the U.S. House of Representatives. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.\n\nFox, Harrison W., and Susan Webb Hammond. 1977. Congressional staffs: the invisible force in American lawmaking. New York: The Free Press.\n\nGeddes, Barbara. 2003. Paradigms and Sand Castles: Theory Building and Research Design in Comparative Politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.\n\nGerrity, Jessica C., Nancy S. Hardt and Kathryn C. Lavelle. 2008. “The Interest Group: Staff Connection in Congress: Access and Influence in Personal, Committee, and Leadership Offices.” Political Science and Politics 41(4):913-917.\n\nHall, Richard L..1987. “Participation and Purpose in Committee Decision Making.” American Political Science Review 81(1):105-127.\n\nHerrnson, Paul S.. 1994. “Congress`s Other Farm Team: Congressional Staff.” Polity 27(1):137-156.\n\nMahoney, James, Gary Goertz. 2004. “The Possibility Principle and Case Selection: Choosing Negative Cases in Comparative Analysis.” American Political Science Review 98(4), 653-669.\n\nMalbin, Micheal J.. 1980. Unelected Representatives: Congressional Staff and the Future of Representative Government. New York: Basic Books.\n\nManley, John F.. “Congressional Staff and Public Policy-Making: The Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation.” The Journal of Politics 30(4):1046-1067.\n\nMarcy, Carl. 1952. “The Staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Its Work—A Case Study of the Legislation Reorganization Act.” American Bar Association Journal 38(2):154-156.\n\nMayhew, David. 1974. Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven: Yale\nUniversity Press.\n\nMcCubbins, Mathew D. and Gregory W. Noble. 1995. The Appearance of Power: Legislators, Bureaucrats, and the Budget Process in the United States and Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n\nMiller, Warren and Donald Stokes.1963. “Constituency Influence in Congress.” The American Political Review 57(1):45-56.\n\nNemoto, Kuniaki, Eillis Krauss, Robert Pekkanen. 2008. “Policy Dissension and Party Discipline: The July 2005 Vote on Postal Privatization in Japan.” British Journal of Political Science 38(3):499-525.\n\nParker, Glenn R.. 1996. Congress and the Rent-Seeking Society. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.\n\nPatterson, Samuel C.. 1970. “The Professional Staffs of Congressional Committees.” Administrative Science Quarterly 15(1): 22-37.\n\nPrice, David E.. 1971. “Professionals and Entrepreneurs: Staff Orientations and Policy-Making on Three Senate Committees.” Journal of Politics 33(3):316-336.\n\nRomzek, Barbara S., and Jennifer A. Utter. 1996. “Career Dynamics of Congressional Legislative Staff: Preliminary Profile and Research.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 6(3): 415-442.\n\nSalisbury, Robert H., and Kenneth A. Shepsle. “Congressional Staff Turnover and the Ties-That-Bind1981.” The American Political Science Review 75(2):381-396.\n\nScheiner, Ethan, Robert Pekkanen, Michio Muramatsu, and Ellis Krauss. 2013. “When Do Interest Groups Contact Bureaucrats Rather than Politicians? Evidence on Fire Alarms and Smoke Detectors from Japan.” Japanese Journal of Political Science 14(3):283–304.\n\nSchiller, Wendy J.. 1995. “Senators as Political Entrepreneurs: Using Bill Sponsorship to Shape Legislative Agendas.” American Journal of Political Science 39(1):186-203.\n\nSmith, Steven. 2007. Party Influence in Congress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n\nB. 中文部分\n立法院,2018,《立法院公報》,107(93):243-284。\n\n甘霖,2003,〈立法委員個人助理之研究〉,文化大學政治學研究所碩士論文。\n\n田倩惠,2008,〈國會助理立法資訊尋求行為之研究〉,國立臺灣大學圖書資訊學研究所碩士論文。\n\n田麗虹,2013,《國會助理工作手冊》(初版),新北市:博碩。\n\n何景榮譯,Peter Burnham, Karin Gilland, Wyn Grant, Zig Layton-Henry原著,2008,《政治學研究方法》,臺北:韋伯。\n\n林立生,2007,〈我國立法院國會助理政治公關角色與功能之研究〉,開南大學公共事務管理學系碩士論文。\n\n林麗真,2007,〈國會助理選民服務工作內容及工作成就感之研究〉,政治大學行政管理碩士學程學位論文。\n\n邱訪義 、李誌偉 ,2016,〈影響行政部門提案三讀通過之制度性因素--總統、官僚、與政黨〉,《臺灣民主季刊》,13(1):39-84。\n\n洪雅亭,2014,〈當政治成為一種職業:國會助理勞動過程初探〉,國立中正大學政治所碩士論文。\n\n盛杏湲,2001,〈立法委員正式與非正式立法參與之研究:以第三屆立法院為例〉,《問題與研究》,40(5):81-104。\n\n盛杏湲,2005,〈選區代表與集體代表:立法委員的代表角色〉,《東吳政治學報》,21:1-40。\n\n盛杏湲,2008,〈政黨的國會領導與凝聚力:2000年政黨輪替前後的觀察〉,《臺灣民主季刊》,5 (4):1-46。\n\n盛杏湲,2014,〈議程設定與立法產出:行政機關與立法機關在立法過程中的影響力〉,《轉型中的行政與立法》,東吳大學政治學系國會研究中心編,臺北:五南出版社。\n\n陳淑貞,2004,〈我國國會助理專業能力分析之研究〉,國立臺灣師範大學工業科技教育研究所碩士論文。\n\n曾愛文,2011,〈國會法案助理資訊行為之研究〉,臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所在職進修碩士班學位論文。\n\n黃士豪,2017,〈誰要議題所有權?立法委員立法提案與議題所有權的建立〉,《臺灣民主季刊》,14(1):1-51。\n\n黃秀端、陳中寧、許孝慈,2017,《認識立法院》(初版),臺北市:五南。\n\n蔡曉雯,2003,〈年輕國會助理的權力覺察與行動策略研究〉,國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商系碩士論文。\n\n羅清俊,2000,〈猜猜看誰把醃肉帶回家了:補助款利益在縣市分配的分析〉,《人文及社會科學集刊》,12(1):1-45。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
政治學系
105252009
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105252009
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 盛杏湲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Sheng, Shing-Yuanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 歐陽正霆zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Ouyang, Cheng-Tingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 歐陽正霆zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Ouyang, Cheng-Tingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2019en_US
dc.date.accessioned 6-Dec-2019 09:27:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 6-Dec-2019 09:27:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 6-Dec-2019 09:27:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105252009en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=146460-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 政治學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 105252009zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 政治學界針對國會所累積研究不勝枚舉,但其中有關國會助理的研究並不多,在有限的文獻中,學界普遍肯定國會助理的重要性,也進一步指出可將國會議員與助理視為政治生命共同體,亦或同屬一政治企業的共同夥伴。然而既有研究大多僅透過推論或旁敲側擊的方式來了解國會助理,並無較完整的理論工具來剖析助理對立法問政的涉入情形。\n因此本文針對於第九屆立法院服務之立法委員與法案助理,進行深入訪談與問卷調查,文中提出並界定了立法涉入的概念,同時以問政情境、問政方式、分工及溝通模式等角度切入,除描述助理的立法涉入程度外,筆者也提出了一套理論架構,試圖解釋為何助理在不同情況下立法涉入的程度會有差異。\n研究結果發現,助理的確是立法運作中重要的一環,在議題設定、討論及決策等過程中,均有相當程度參與,證明了過去學界有關政治企業與生命共同體的推論並無訛誤。但立法委員絕非橡皮圖章照單全收,還是相當的有自己的想法。同時也發現了立法委員若較重視該次問政,會有較高的自主性,因而予助理較低的授權程度,同時也會更積極與助理討論以尋求協助及確保問政結果符合己意。再者,研究結果顯示,由於立法委員會考量問政方式的政治風險與對其之關心程度,因此助理的立法涉入空間會因為問政方式而有所不同。最後在分工模式部分,相較於「立委強勢型」,「助理強勢型」分工模式下,助理大致上會有較高的立法涉入空間,證明了在分析助理的立法涉入程度時,應將立法委員與助理的資深程度併同納入分析。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) There were many inspiring researches on congress in the past, but rarely on congressional assistants. In a limited literature, the academic community generally recognized the importance of congressional assistants. Furthermore, researchers point out congress members and their assistants can be regarded as a single political career community, or partners of one enterprise. However, most of the existed theses only analyze congressional assistants through inference or indirect approach. There is no complete theoretical tool to analyze the involvement of the assistants in legislative progress.\nTherefore, this thesis conducts interviews and surveys of the legislators and legislative assistants of the ninth Legislative Yuan, and defines the concept of legislative involvement. At the same time, the thesis also examines how the situation, type, domination, and communication of representatives can influence legislative involvement of assistants. In addition to describing the actual picture of assistants’ legislative involvement, I also propose a theoretical framework to explain why the legislative involvement of the assistants is quite different, depending on circumstances.\nThe study finds that legislative assistants do play an important role in Legislative Yuan and soak in the representatives’ activities, such as setting agenda, discussing, and the process of decision-making.. It reveals that the views of political enterprises and career communities in the past are correct. However, it does not mean the legislators are just rubber stamps. On the contrary, they are rather independent. When members pay more attention to a legislative activitity, they will hold onto the process more autonomously. As a result, they would give assistants a lower authorization and discuss with assistants more frequently to ensure the consequences match their expectaions. The results also reveal that legislators consider their own concerns and political risks of representative behavior, as results the involvement of the assistants vary as the type of representative behavior different. At last, compared to “legislator-dominated” division mode, assistants get involved more deeply in “assistant-dominated” mode. It also proves researchers need to take both the seniorities of legislator and assistants into consideration, instead of analyzing them separately.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1\n第一節 研究動機 1\n一、 立法委員身後的那群人 1\n第二節 研究問題 3\n一、 誰是助理? 3\n二、 什麼是國會議事? 4\n三、 助理為何重要? 6\n第三節 後續章節安排 8\n第二章 理論建構與研究方法 9\n第一節 回顧過去研究成果 9\n一、 立法行為之謎:行為者角度 9\n二、 國會幕僚群研究:個別助理之重要性 10\n三、 探尋可能之理論基礎:以助理分類的角度切入 14\n第二節 建構理論與假設 17\n一、 立法涉入:概念與定義 18\n二、 外生性變數─兩種情境:一般狀況與重要時刻 21\n三、 理論與假設建構:助理重要性與問政方式之影響 22\n四、 理論與假設建構:分工模式─以資深程度作為出發點 23\n五、 理論與假設建構:溝通模式─以信任程度與資深程度作初探 25\n第三節 研究設計與方法 27\n一、 研究範圍與研究方法 27\n二、 量化分析與假設檢證 30\n研究資料簡述 32\n第三章 量化資料研究發現:問政方式與問政情境 35\n第一節 問政方式對授權程度之影響 35\n一、 問政方式與關心程度 35\n二、 不同問政情境下之助理授權程度 38\n三、 不同問政方式間授權程度之差異 42\n第二節 問政方式對討論頻率之影響 45\n一、 不同問政情境下之助理討論頻率 45\n二、 不同問政方式間討論頻率之差異 50\n第三節 問政方式對意見採納頻率之影響 52\n一、 不同問政情境下之助理意見採納頻率 52\n二、 不同問政方式間意見採納頻率之差異 56\n第四章 量化資料研究發現:分工模式與溝通模式 58\n第一節 分工模式對立法涉入之影響 58\n一、 分工模式對授權程度之影響 59\n二、 分工模式對討論頻率之影響 66\n三、 分工模式對意見採納頻率之影響 74\n第二節 溝通模式對立法涉入之影響 81\n一、 溝通模式對授權程度之影響 81\n二、 溝通模式對討論頻率之影響 87\n三、 溝通模式對意見採納頻率之影響 94\n第五章 質化資料研究發現 100\n第一節 總結:問政情境 100\n一、 問政情境:量化分析的觀點 100\n二、 問政情境:質化訪談的觀點 102\n第二節 總結:問政方式 106\n一、 問政方式:量化分析的觀點 106\n二、 問政方式:質化訪談的觀點 107\n第三節 總結:分工模式 114\n一、 分工模式:量化分析的觀點 114\n二、 問政方式:質化訪談的觀點 120\n第四節 總結:溝通模式 124\n一、 溝通模式:量化分析的觀點 124\n二、 問政方式:質化訪談的觀點 127\n第六章 結論 130\n附錄一 調查法問卷設計 136\n附錄二 深入訪談問卷設計 145\n參考文獻 147zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1159050 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105252009en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 立法院zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 立法參與zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國會助理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 立法涉入zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Legislative Yuanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Legislative Participationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Congressional assistantsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Legislative Involvementen_US
dc.title (題名) 國會助理立法涉入之研究:以第九屆立法院為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Legislative Involvement of Congressional Assistants: The Case of Legislative Yuan from 2016 to 2019en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) A. 英文部分\nButler, Warren H.. 1966. “Administering Congress: The Role of the Staff.” Public Administration Review 26(1):3-13.\n\nCarmines, Edward G., Matthew Fowler. 2017. “The Temptation of Executive Authority: How Increased Polarization and the Decline in Legislative Capacity Have Contributed to the Expansion of Presidential Power.” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 24(2):369-398.\n\nCox, Gary W. and Mathew D. McCubbins. 1993. Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House. Berkeley: University of California Press.\n\nDavidson, Roger H. and Walter J. Oleszek. 2010. Congress and Its Members. Washington D.C: A Division of Congressional Quarterly Inc.\n\nDeGregorio, Christine, and Kevin Snider.1995. “Leadership Appeal in the U.S. House of Representatives: Comparing Office holders and Aides.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 20:491-511.\n\nDeGregorio, Christine. 1996. Networks of Champions: Leadership, Access, and Advocacy in the U.S. House of Representatives. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.\n\nFox, Harrison W., and Susan Webb Hammond. 1977. Congressional staffs: the invisible force in American lawmaking. New York: The Free Press.\n\nGeddes, Barbara. 2003. Paradigms and Sand Castles: Theory Building and Research Design in Comparative Politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.\n\nGerrity, Jessica C., Nancy S. Hardt and Kathryn C. Lavelle. 2008. “The Interest Group: Staff Connection in Congress: Access and Influence in Personal, Committee, and Leadership Offices.” Political Science and Politics 41(4):913-917.\n\nHall, Richard L..1987. “Participation and Purpose in Committee Decision Making.” American Political Science Review 81(1):105-127.\n\nHerrnson, Paul S.. 1994. “Congress`s Other Farm Team: Congressional Staff.” Polity 27(1):137-156.\n\nMahoney, James, Gary Goertz. 2004. “The Possibility Principle and Case Selection: Choosing Negative Cases in Comparative Analysis.” American Political Science Review 98(4), 653-669.\n\nMalbin, Micheal J.. 1980. Unelected Representatives: Congressional Staff and the Future of Representative Government. 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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201901268en_US