學術產出-學位論文
文章檢視/開啟
書目匯出
-
題名 遺傳演算法於航空排程之研究
A study of Genetic Algorithms for airline scheduling problems作者 蔡明汶
Tsai, Ming-Wen貢獻者 林我聰<br>洪宗貝
Lin, Woo-Tsong<br>Hong, Tzung-Pei
蔡明汶
Tsai, Ming-Wen關鍵詞 航空排程
次經驗法則
遺傳演算法
二維編碼
任務組合產生
任務組合指派
重新排程
Airline scheduling problem
Meta-heuristic
Genetic algorithm
Two-dimensional representation
Pairing
Rostering
Rescheduling日期 2015 上傳時間 3-一月-2020 15:53:30 (UTC+8) 摘要 航空排程問題對航空公司之營運績效扮演著重要角色，同時為了遵循複雜之航空法規要求，航空排程被視為一重要且複雜之組合最佳化問題。過去大部分研究是將航空排程最佳化問題透過數學規劃求解，例如視為集合覆蓋問題或集合分割問題，然而一旦排程問題規模變大或更複雜時，求解時間將大幅增加，如何在合理的時間範圍內或有限資源限制下求出近似最佳解會是一大挑戰。因此本研究利用次經驗法則最佳化技術中的遺傳演算法來解決航空排程問題。遺傳演算法具有於有限時間內求得可行解或近似最佳解的特性，適合解決複雜之組合最佳化問題。發展遺傳演算法第一步驟是將問題解透過適當的編碼呈現，過去大部分研究採用一維的編碼方式，然而實務上，部分問題如航空排程問題，若採用二維的編碼方式求解會更符合問題的特性。本研究提出以二維編碼為解題策略之遺傳演算法，設計對應於二維編碼方式的交配、突變及修復運算並設計加速演化搜尋之經驗法則。透過三個航空排程問題的求解及參數驗證，本研究提出的演算法可有效解決航空排程之問題。
The airline scheduling problem (ASP), which is strongly related to operating cost and is subject to several regulatory constraints, is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem. It is typically formulated as the set cover problem (SCP) or the set partition problem (SPP), which are then usually solved with mathematical programming. However, the problem-solving process becomes very time-consuming as problem size increases. This research thus applies a very popular meta-heuristic optimization approach, genetic algorithms (GAs), to solve ASP. As GAs can provide feasible solutions within reasonable time, they have become increasingly important for solving difficult combinatorial problems. When using GAs to solve a problem, users must first define an appropriate representation to describe problem states. Most previous studies adopted linear, i.e., one-dimensional, representations. Some real-life problems, such as ASP, are very suited in nature to two-dimensional representations. Therefore, this research develops a GA strategy based on two-dimensional encoding to solve several ASP problems. Appropriate two-dimensional crossover and mutation operations are designed as well to generate populations in subsequent generations. Besides, a two-dimensional repair mechanism is also proposed to adjust infeasible chromosomes into feasible chromosomes. Finally, experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GA in solving the three airline scheduling problems.參考文獻 [1] G. Aiello, G.. L. Scalia, and M. Enea, "A multi objective genetic algorithm for the facility layout problem based upon slicing structure encoding," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 12, 2012, pp.10352–10358.[2] P. Alefragis, P. Sanders, T. Takkula, D. Wedelin, "Parallel Integer Optimization for Crew Scheduling," Annals of Operations Research, vol. 99, no. 1-4, 2000, pp.141-166.[3] T. Andersson, "Solving the flight perturbation problem with meta heuristics", Journal of Heuristics, vol. 12, 2006, pp.37-53.[4] C. A. Anderson, K. F. Jones, and J. Ryan, "A two-dimensional genetic algorithm for the Ising problem," Complex System, vol. 5, 1991, pp.327–333.[5] P. J. Angeline and J. B. Pollack, "Evolutionary Module acquisition," Proceedings of 2nd Annual Conference on Evolutionary programming, 1993, pp.154-163.[6] H. L. Arabeyre, F. Fearrnley, C. Steiger and W. Teather, "The Airline Crew Scheduling Problem: Survey," Transportation Science, vol.3, 1969, pp.140-163.[7] M. F. Arguello, J. F. Bard, and G. Yu, "A GRASP for Aircraft Routing in Responseto Groundings and Delays," Journal on Combinatorial Optimization, vol. 5, 1997, pp.211-228.[8] C. Barnhart, N. L. Boland, L. W. Clarke, E. L. Johnson, G.L. Nemhauser, and R.G. Shenoi, "Flight String Models for Aircraft Fleeting and Routing", Transportation Science, vol. 32, no. 3, 1998, pp. 208-220.[9] C. Barnhart, and R. G. Shenoi, "An approximate model and solution approach for the long-haul crew pairing problem", Transportation Science, vol. 32, no. 3, 1998, pp.221-231.[10] M. C. Bartholomew-Biggs, S. C. Parkhurst, and S. P. Wilsom, "Global optimization approaches to an aircraft routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 146, no. 2, 2003, pp.417-431.[11] L. Bodin, B. Golden, A. Assad and M. Ball, "Routing and Scheduling of Vehcles and Crews – The State of the Art," Computers & Operations Research, vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp.125-127.[12] L. B. Booker, D. E. Goldberg, and J. H. Holland, Classifier Systems and Genetic Algorithms, Technical Report, No. 8, University of Michigan, 1987.[13] T. N. Bui and B. R. Moon, "On multi-dimensional encoding/crossover," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Pittsburgh, PA, 1995, pp.49–56.[14] T. Y. Chou, T. K. Liu, C. N. Lee, and C. R. Jeng, "Method of inequality-based multiobjective genetic algorithm for domestic daily aircraft routing," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics — Part A: Systems and Humans, vol. 38, no. 2, 2008, pp.299-308.[15] L.W. Clarke, E.L. Johnson, G.L. Nemhauser, and Z. Zhu, "The aircraft rotation problem," Annals of Operations Research, Mathematics of Industrial Systems II, vol. 69, 1997, pp.33-46.[16] J. P. Cohoon and W. Paris, "Genetic placement," Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 1986, pp.422-425.[17] N. L. Cramer, "A representation for the adaptive generation of simple sequential programs", Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1985, pp.183-187.[18] B. Crawford, C. Castro, E. Monfroy, "A Constructive Hybrid Algorithm for Crew Pairing Optimization,” Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4183, 2006, pp.45-55.[19] M. S. Daskin, and N. Panayotopoulos, "A Lagrangian relaxation approach to assigning aircraft to routes in hub and spoke networks," Transportation Science, vol. 23, 1989, pp. 91-99.[20] D. Datta, A. R. S. Amaralb and J. R. Figueira, "Single row facility layout problem using a permutation-based genetic algorithm," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 213, no. 2, 2011, pp. 388–394.[21] L. Davis, Handbook of Genetic Algorithms, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.[22] K. A. De Jong and W. M. Spears, "An analysis of the interacting roles of population size and crossover in genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, vol. 10, 1990, pp.38-47.[23] G. Desaulniers, J. Desrosiers, Y. Dumas, M. Solomon, and F. Soumis, "Daily aircraft routing and scheduling", Management Science, vol. 43, 1997, pp. 841-855.[24] M. A. Duarte-Villasenor, E. Tlelo-Cuautle, L. G. de la Fraga, "Binary genetic encoding for the synthesis of mixed-mode circuit topologies," Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, vol. 31, no. 3, 2012, pp.849-863.[25] T. Emden-Weinert, M. Proksch, "Best Practice Simulated Annealing for the Airline Crew Scheduling Problem," Journal of Heuristics, vol. 5, Issue 4, 1999, pp.419-436.[26] M.M. Etschmaier and D.F.X. Mathaisel, "Aircraft Scheduling - The State of the Art," Proceedings of the AGIFORS 24th Annual Symposium, 1984, pp.181–225.[27] B. Filipic and D. Juricic, "An interactive genetic algorithm for controller parameter optimization," Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Nets and Genetic Algorithms, Innsbruck, Austria, 1993, pp.458-462.[28] L. J. Fogel, A. J. Owens, and M. J. Walsh, Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution, Wiley, 1966.[29] M. Gen and R. Cheng, Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Design, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1997.[30] D. E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, Addison Wesley, 1989.[31] R. Gopalan, and K.T. Talluri, "The aircraft maintenance routing problem," Operations Research, vol. 46, 1998, pp.260-271.[32] J. J. Grefenstette, "Optimization of control parameters for genetic algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 16, no. 1, 1986, pp.122-128.[33] Y. Gu and C. Chung, “Genetic algorithm approach to airline gate reassignment problem”. J. of Transportation Engineering, vol. 125, 1999, pp.384–389.[34] P. Healy, "A Tool for Adjusting the Flight Schedule During High Volume Irregular Operations," Proceedings of the AGIFORS 32nd Annual Symposium, 1992, pp.53-64.[35] K. Hoffman, M. W. Padberg, "Solving airline crew scheduling problems by branch and cut," Management Science, vol. 39, 1993, pp.657-683.[36] J. H. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, University of Michigan Press, 1975.[37] R. Hwang and H. Katayama, "Uniform workload assignments for assembly line by GA-based amelioration approach," International Journal of Production Research, vol. 48, no. 7, 2010, pp.1857–1871.[38] W. H. Ip, D. Wang, and V. Cho, "Aircraft ground service scheduling problems and their genetic algorithm with hybrid assignment and sequence encoding scheme," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2013, pp.649 – 657.[39] A.I. Jarrah, G. Yu, N. Krishnamurthy, and A. Rakshit, "A Decision Support Framework for Airline Flight Cancellations and Delays," Transportation Science, 27(3), 1993, pp.266-280.[40] D. Jong. An Analysis of the Behavior of a Class of Genetic Adaptive Systems, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 1975.[41] D. Jong, "Adaptive system design: a genetic approach," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 10, 1980, pp.566-574.[42] N. M. Kabbani and B. W. Patty, "Aircraft routing at American Airlines," Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual Symposium of AGIFORS, 1992.[43] C. L. Karr, "Design of an adaptive fuzzy logic controller using a genetic algorithm," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1991, pp.450-457.[44] H. Kitano, "Empirical studies on the speed of convergence of neural network training using genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1990, pp.789-795.[45] J. R. Koza, Genetic Programming: on the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection, MIT Press, 1992.[46] M. Largerholm, C. Peterson, B. Söderberg, "Airline Crew Scheduling Using Potts mean Field Techniques.," European Journal of Operational Research, 2000, vol. 120, pp.81-96.[47] S. Lavoie, "A new approach for crew pairing problems by column generation with an application to air transportation," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 35, no. 1, 1988, pp.45–58.[48] M. A. Lee and H. Takagi, "Dynamic control of genetic algorithms using fuzzy logic techniques," Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1993, pp.76-83.[49] L. Lettovsky, Airline Operations Recovery: an Optimization Approach, Ph.D. Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997.[50] D. Levine, "Application of a hybrid genetic algorithm to airline crew scheduling," Computers & Operations Research, vol. 23, 1996, pp.547-558.[51] K. T. Lin and P. H. Lin, "Information hiding based on binary encoding methods and crossover mechanism of genetic algorithms," Genetic and Evolutionary Computing Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 238, 2014, pp. 203-212.[52] G. F. Miller, P. M. Todd, and S. U. Hedge, "Design neural networks using genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1989, pp.379-384.[53] M. Minoux, "Column generation techniques in combinatorial optimization: a new application to crew pairing problems," In XXIVth AGIFORS Symposium, 1984.[54] B. R. Moon and C. Kim, "A two-dimensional embedding of graphs for genetic algorithms," Proceedings of International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1997, pp.204–211.[55] B. R. Moon, Y. S. Lee, and C. K. Kim, "GEORG: VLSI circuit partitioner with a new genetic algorithm framework," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 9, 1998, pp.401–412.[56] R. Myers and E. R. Hancock, "Genetic algorithm parameter sets for line labelling," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 18, 1997, pp.1363-1371.[57] S. Nakazawa, "Dynamic Scheduling in Operation Control System," AGIFORS 31, 1991.[58] G. L. Nemhauser and L. A. Wolsey, Integer and Combinatorial Optimization, John Wiley & Sons, 1993, New Youk,[59] J. H. Park, "The effects of airline alliances on markets and economic welfare," Transportation Research, vol. 33, 1997, pp.181-195.[60] J. M. Rosenberger, E. L. Johnson, and G. L. Nemhauser, "Rerouting airline for airline recovery", Transportation Science, vol. 37, 2003, pp.408 -421.[61] A. Sadrzadeh, "A genetic algorithm with the heuristic procedure to solve the multi-line layout problem," Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 62, no. 4, 2012, pp.1055–1064.[62] J. D. Schaffer, "A study of control parameters affecting on-line performance of genetic algorithms for function optimization," Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1989, pp.675-682.[63] C. Shaefer, "The ARGOT strategy: adaptive representation genetic optimizer technique," Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Genetic algorithms and their application, 1987, pp.50-58.[64] A. Shtub, L. J. LeBlanc, Z. Cai, "Scheduling Problem with Repeative Projects: A Comparison of a Simulated Annealing , a Genetic and a Pair-Wise Swap Algorithm," European Journal of Operational Research, 1996, pp.124-138.[65] W. M. Spears and K. A. Dejong, "An analysis of multipoint crossover," the Workshop of the Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, 1991, pp.301-315.[66] C. Srinivasa, B. R. Reddy, K. Ramji and R. Naveen, "Sensitivity Analysis to Determine the Parameters of Genetic Algorithm for Machine Layout," Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterisation, 2014, pp.866-876.[67] G. Syswerda, "Uniform crossover in genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1989, pp.2-9.[68] K. Talluri, "Swapping applications in a daily airline fleet assignment," Transportation Science, vol. 30, 1996, pp.237-248.[69] D. Teodorovic and G. Stojkovic, "Model for Operational Daily Airline Scheduling," Transportation Planning and Technology, 14, 1990, pp.273-285.[70] E. Tlelo-Cuautle, I. Guerra-Gomez, M.A. Duarte-Villasenor, Luis G. de la Fraga, G. Flores-Becerra, G. Reyes-Salgado, C.A. Reyes-Garcia and G. Rodriguez-Gomez, "Applications of evolutionary algorithms in the design automation of analog integrated circuits," Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 10, 2010, pp.1859-1872.[71] P. Thrift, "Fuzzy logic synthesis with genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1991, pp.509-513.[72] M. W. Tsai, T. P. Hong, and W. T. Lin, "A Two-Dimensional Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Aircraft Scheduling Problem," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2015, 2015.[73] P. H. Vance, C. Barnhart, E. L. Johnson, G. L. Nemhauser, "Airline crew scheduling: a new formulation and decomposition algorithm", Operations Research, vol. 45, no. 2, 1997, pp.188-200.[74] T. M. Vowles," The geographic effects of US airline alliances," Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 8, 2000, pp.277-285.[75] P. C. Wang and W. Korfhage, "Process scheduling using genetic algorithms," The Seventh IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, 1995, pp.638.[76] P. Wark, J. Holt, M. Rönnqvist, D. Ryan, "Airline Schedule Generation Using Repeated Matching," European Journal of Operational Research, 1997, pp.21-35.[77] S. Yan and J. C. Chang, "Discrete optimization airline cockpit crew scheduling," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 136, 2002, pp.501-511.[78] S. Yan and Y.P. Tu, "A network model for airline cabin crew scheduling," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 140, no. 3, 2002, pp.531-540.[79] W. Yanga, Felix T.S. Chanb, V. Kumarc, "Optimizing replenishment polices using genetic algorithm for single-warehouse multi-retailer system," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 3, 2012, pp.3081–3086.[80] G. Yu, Operations Research in the airline industry, Kuuwer Academic Publishers, 1998.[81] B. Zeren, I. Ozkol, "An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Crew Pairing Optimization," Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, vol. 4, 2012, pp.70-80. 描述 博士
國立政治大學
資訊管理學系
94356503資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094356503 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林我聰<br>洪宗貝 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Woo-Tsong<br>Hong, Tzung-Pei en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 蔡明汶 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Tsai, Ming-Wen en_US dc.creator (作者) 蔡明汶 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Tsai, Ming-Wen en_US dc.date (日期) 2015 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-一月-2020 15:53:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-一月-2020 15:53:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-一月-2020 15:53:30 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0094356503 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/128108 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 資訊管理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 94356503 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 航空排程問題對航空公司之營運績效扮演著重要角色，同時為了遵循複雜之航空法規要求，航空排程被視為一重要且複雜之組合最佳化問題。過去大部分研究是將航空排程最佳化問題透過數學規劃求解，例如視為集合覆蓋問題或集合分割問題，然而一旦排程問題規模變大或更複雜時，求解時間將大幅增加，如何在合理的時間範圍內或有限資源限制下求出近似最佳解會是一大挑戰。因此本研究利用次經驗法則最佳化技術中的遺傳演算法來解決航空排程問題。遺傳演算法具有於有限時間內求得可行解或近似最佳解的特性，適合解決複雜之組合最佳化問題。發展遺傳演算法第一步驟是將問題解透過適當的編碼呈現，過去大部分研究採用一維的編碼方式，然而實務上，部分問題如航空排程問題，若採用二維的編碼方式求解會更符合問題的特性。本研究提出以二維編碼為解題策略之遺傳演算法，設計對應於二維編碼方式的交配、突變及修復運算並設計加速演化搜尋之經驗法則。透過三個航空排程問題的求解及參數驗證，本研究提出的演算法可有效解決航空排程之問題。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The airline scheduling problem (ASP), which is strongly related to operating cost and is subject to several regulatory constraints, is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem. It is typically formulated as the set cover problem (SCP) or the set partition problem (SPP), which are then usually solved with mathematical programming. However, the problem-solving process becomes very time-consuming as problem size increases. This research thus applies a very popular meta-heuristic optimization approach, genetic algorithms (GAs), to solve ASP. As GAs can provide feasible solutions within reasonable time, they have become increasingly important for solving difficult combinatorial problems. When using GAs to solve a problem, users must first define an appropriate representation to describe problem states. Most previous studies adopted linear, i.e., one-dimensional, representations. Some real-life problems, such as ASP, are very suited in nature to two-dimensional representations. Therefore, this research develops a GA strategy based on two-dimensional encoding to solve several ASP problems. Appropriate two-dimensional crossover and mutation operations are designed as well to generate populations in subsequent generations. Besides, a two-dimensional repair mechanism is also proposed to adjust infeasible chromosomes into feasible chromosomes. Finally, experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GA in solving the three airline scheduling problems. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 11.1 Background 11.2 Motivation 21.3 Goals 31.4 Scope 41.5 Organization 5CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS 62.1 Airline Scheduling Problems 62.2 Genetic Algorithms 7CHAPTER 3 TWO-DIMENSIONAL GENETIC ALGORITHMS FOR AIRCRAFT SCHEDULING 123.1 Two-dimensional Chromosome Representation 12Population initialization process for the two-dimensional representation 153.2 Two-dimensional Crossover Operations 16Two-dimensional substring crossover 17Two-dimensional repairing algorithm 213.3 Two-dimensional Mutation Operations 24Two-dimensional two-point swapping mutation operation 24Two-dimensional string swapping mutation 263.4 Problem Description 273.5 Experimental Results 323.6 Summary 41CHAPTER 4 AIRLINE PAIRING 424.1 Introduction 424.2 Problem Description 444.3 The Proposed Method 504.4 Experimental Results 624.5 Summary 63CHAPTER 5 AIRLINE CREW RESCHEDULING 645.1 Introduction 645.2 Problem Description 655.3 The Proposed Method 695.4 Experimental Results 805.5 Summary 83CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 84REFERENCE 85 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094356503 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 航空排程 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 次經驗法則 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 遺傳演算法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 二維編碼 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 任務組合產生 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 任務組合指派 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 重新排程 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Airline scheduling problem en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Meta-heuristic en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Genetic algorithm en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Two-dimensional representation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pairing en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rostering en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rescheduling en_US dc.title (題名) 遺傳演算法於航空排程之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A study of Genetic Algorithms for airline scheduling problems en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] G. Aiello, G.. L. Scalia, and M. Enea, "A multi objective genetic algorithm for the facility layout problem based upon slicing structure encoding," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 12, 2012, pp.10352–10358.[2] P. Alefragis, P. Sanders, T. Takkula, D. Wedelin, "Parallel Integer Optimization for Crew Scheduling," Annals of Operations Research, vol. 99, no. 1-4, 2000, pp.141-166.[3] T. Andersson, "Solving the flight perturbation problem with meta heuristics", Journal of Heuristics, vol. 12, 2006, pp.37-53.[4] C. A. Anderson, K. F. Jones, and J. Ryan, "A two-dimensional genetic algorithm for the Ising problem," Complex System, vol. 5, 1991, pp.327–333.[5] P. J. Angeline and J. B. Pollack, "Evolutionary Module acquisition," Proceedings of 2nd Annual Conference on Evolutionary programming, 1993, pp.154-163.[6] H. L. Arabeyre, F. Fearrnley, C. Steiger and W. Teather, "The Airline Crew Scheduling Problem: Survey," Transportation Science, vol.3, 1969, pp.140-163.[7] M. F. Arguello, J. F. Bard, and G. Yu, "A GRASP for Aircraft Routing in Responseto Groundings and Delays," Journal on Combinatorial Optimization, vol. 5, 1997, pp.211-228.[8] C. Barnhart, N. L. Boland, L. W. Clarke, E. L. Johnson, G.L. Nemhauser, and R.G. Shenoi, "Flight String Models for Aircraft Fleeting and Routing", Transportation Science, vol. 32, no. 3, 1998, pp. 208-220.[9] C. Barnhart, and R. G. Shenoi, "An approximate model and solution approach for the long-haul crew pairing problem", Transportation Science, vol. 32, no. 3, 1998, pp.221-231.[10] M. C. Bartholomew-Biggs, S. C. Parkhurst, and S. P. Wilsom, "Global optimization approaches to an aircraft routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 146, no. 2, 2003, pp.417-431.[11] L. Bodin, B. Golden, A. Assad and M. Ball, "Routing and Scheduling of Vehcles and Crews – The State of the Art," Computers & Operations Research, vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp.125-127.[12] L. B. Booker, D. E. Goldberg, and J. H. Holland, Classifier Systems and Genetic Algorithms, Technical Report, No. 8, University of Michigan, 1987.[13] T. N. Bui and B. R. Moon, "On multi-dimensional encoding/crossover," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Pittsburgh, PA, 1995, pp.49–56.[14] T. Y. Chou, T. K. Liu, C. N. Lee, and C. R. Jeng, "Method of inequality-based multiobjective genetic algorithm for domestic daily aircraft routing," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics — Part A: Systems and Humans, vol. 38, no. 2, 2008, pp.299-308.[15] L.W. Clarke, E.L. Johnson, G.L. Nemhauser, and Z. Zhu, "The aircraft rotation problem," Annals of Operations Research, Mathematics of Industrial Systems II, vol. 69, 1997, pp.33-46.[16] J. P. Cohoon and W. Paris, "Genetic placement," Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 1986, pp.422-425.[17] N. L. Cramer, "A representation for the adaptive generation of simple sequential programs", Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1985, pp.183-187.[18] B. Crawford, C. Castro, E. Monfroy, "A Constructive Hybrid Algorithm for Crew Pairing Optimization,” Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4183, 2006, pp.45-55.[19] M. S. Daskin, and N. Panayotopoulos, "A Lagrangian relaxation approach to assigning aircraft to routes in hub and spoke networks," Transportation Science, vol. 23, 1989, pp. 91-99.[20] D. Datta, A. R. S. Amaralb and J. R. Figueira, "Single row facility layout problem using a permutation-based genetic algorithm," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 213, no. 2, 2011, pp. 388–394.[21] L. Davis, Handbook of Genetic Algorithms, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.[22] K. A. De Jong and W. M. Spears, "An analysis of the interacting roles of population size and crossover in genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, vol. 10, 1990, pp.38-47.[23] G. Desaulniers, J. Desrosiers, Y. Dumas, M. Solomon, and F. Soumis, "Daily aircraft routing and scheduling", Management Science, vol. 43, 1997, pp. 841-855.[24] M. A. Duarte-Villasenor, E. Tlelo-Cuautle, L. G. de la Fraga, "Binary genetic encoding for the synthesis of mixed-mode circuit topologies," Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, vol. 31, no. 3, 2012, pp.849-863.[25] T. Emden-Weinert, M. Proksch, "Best Practice Simulated Annealing for the Airline Crew Scheduling Problem," Journal of Heuristics, vol. 5, Issue 4, 1999, pp.419-436.[26] M.M. Etschmaier and D.F.X. Mathaisel, "Aircraft Scheduling - The State of the Art," Proceedings of the AGIFORS 24th Annual Symposium, 1984, pp.181–225.[27] B. Filipic and D. Juricic, "An interactive genetic algorithm for controller parameter optimization," Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Nets and Genetic Algorithms, Innsbruck, Austria, 1993, pp.458-462.[28] L. J. Fogel, A. J. Owens, and M. J. Walsh, Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution, Wiley, 1966.[29] M. Gen and R. Cheng, Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Design, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1997.[30] D. E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, Addison Wesley, 1989.[31] R. Gopalan, and K.T. Talluri, "The aircraft maintenance routing problem," Operations Research, vol. 46, 1998, pp.260-271.[32] J. J. Grefenstette, "Optimization of control parameters for genetic algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 16, no. 1, 1986, pp.122-128.[33] Y. Gu and C. Chung, “Genetic algorithm approach to airline gate reassignment problem”. J. of Transportation Engineering, vol. 125, 1999, pp.384–389.[34] P. Healy, "A Tool for Adjusting the Flight Schedule During High Volume Irregular Operations," Proceedings of the AGIFORS 32nd Annual Symposium, 1992, pp.53-64.[35] K. Hoffman, M. W. Padberg, "Solving airline crew scheduling problems by branch and cut," Management Science, vol. 39, 1993, pp.657-683.[36] J. H. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, University of Michigan Press, 1975.[37] R. Hwang and H. Katayama, "Uniform workload assignments for assembly line by GA-based amelioration approach," International Journal of Production Research, vol. 48, no. 7, 2010, pp.1857–1871.[38] W. H. Ip, D. Wang, and V. Cho, "Aircraft ground service scheduling problems and their genetic algorithm with hybrid assignment and sequence encoding scheme," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2013, pp.649 – 657.[39] A.I. Jarrah, G. Yu, N. Krishnamurthy, and A. Rakshit, "A Decision Support Framework for Airline Flight Cancellations and Delays," Transportation Science, 27(3), 1993, pp.266-280.[40] D. Jong. An Analysis of the Behavior of a Class of Genetic Adaptive Systems, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 1975.[41] D. Jong, "Adaptive system design: a genetic approach," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 10, 1980, pp.566-574.[42] N. M. Kabbani and B. W. Patty, "Aircraft routing at American Airlines," Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual Symposium of AGIFORS, 1992.[43] C. L. Karr, "Design of an adaptive fuzzy logic controller using a genetic algorithm," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1991, pp.450-457.[44] H. Kitano, "Empirical studies on the speed of convergence of neural network training using genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1990, pp.789-795.[45] J. R. Koza, Genetic Programming: on the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection, MIT Press, 1992.[46] M. Largerholm, C. Peterson, B. Söderberg, "Airline Crew Scheduling Using Potts mean Field Techniques.," European Journal of Operational Research, 2000, vol. 120, pp.81-96.[47] S. Lavoie, "A new approach for crew pairing problems by column generation with an application to air transportation," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 35, no. 1, 1988, pp.45–58.[48] M. A. Lee and H. Takagi, "Dynamic control of genetic algorithms using fuzzy logic techniques," Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1993, pp.76-83.[49] L. Lettovsky, Airline Operations Recovery: an Optimization Approach, Ph.D. Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997.[50] D. Levine, "Application of a hybrid genetic algorithm to airline crew scheduling," Computers & Operations Research, vol. 23, 1996, pp.547-558.[51] K. T. Lin and P. H. Lin, "Information hiding based on binary encoding methods and crossover mechanism of genetic algorithms," Genetic and Evolutionary Computing Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 238, 2014, pp. 203-212.[52] G. F. Miller, P. M. Todd, and S. U. Hedge, "Design neural networks using genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1989, pp.379-384.[53] M. Minoux, "Column generation techniques in combinatorial optimization: a new application to crew pairing problems," In XXIVth AGIFORS Symposium, 1984.[54] B. R. Moon and C. Kim, "A two-dimensional embedding of graphs for genetic algorithms," Proceedings of International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1997, pp.204–211.[55] B. R. Moon, Y. S. Lee, and C. K. Kim, "GEORG: VLSI circuit partitioner with a new genetic algorithm framework," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 9, 1998, pp.401–412.[56] R. Myers and E. R. Hancock, "Genetic algorithm parameter sets for line labelling," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 18, 1997, pp.1363-1371.[57] S. Nakazawa, "Dynamic Scheduling in Operation Control System," AGIFORS 31, 1991.[58] G. L. Nemhauser and L. A. Wolsey, Integer and Combinatorial Optimization, John Wiley & Sons, 1993, New Youk,[59] J. H. Park, "The effects of airline alliances on markets and economic welfare," Transportation Research, vol. 33, 1997, pp.181-195.[60] J. M. Rosenberger, E. L. Johnson, and G. L. Nemhauser, "Rerouting airline for airline recovery", Transportation Science, vol. 37, 2003, pp.408 -421.[61] A. Sadrzadeh, "A genetic algorithm with the heuristic procedure to solve the multi-line layout problem," Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 62, no. 4, 2012, pp.1055–1064.[62] J. D. Schaffer, "A study of control parameters affecting on-line performance of genetic algorithms for function optimization," Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1989, pp.675-682.[63] C. Shaefer, "The ARGOT strategy: adaptive representation genetic optimizer technique," Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Genetic algorithms and their application, 1987, pp.50-58.[64] A. Shtub, L. J. LeBlanc, Z. Cai, "Scheduling Problem with Repeative Projects: A Comparison of a Simulated Annealing , a Genetic and a Pair-Wise Swap Algorithm," European Journal of Operational Research, 1996, pp.124-138.[65] W. M. Spears and K. A. Dejong, "An analysis of multipoint crossover," the Workshop of the Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, 1991, pp.301-315.[66] C. Srinivasa, B. R. Reddy, K. Ramji and R. Naveen, "Sensitivity Analysis to Determine the Parameters of Genetic Algorithm for Machine Layout," Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterisation, 2014, pp.866-876.[67] G. Syswerda, "Uniform crossover in genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1989, pp.2-9.[68] K. Talluri, "Swapping applications in a daily airline fleet assignment," Transportation Science, vol. 30, 1996, pp.237-248.[69] D. Teodorovic and G. Stojkovic, "Model for Operational Daily Airline Scheduling," Transportation Planning and Technology, 14, 1990, pp.273-285.[70] E. Tlelo-Cuautle, I. Guerra-Gomez, M.A. Duarte-Villasenor, Luis G. de la Fraga, G. Flores-Becerra, G. Reyes-Salgado, C.A. Reyes-Garcia and G. Rodriguez-Gomez, "Applications of evolutionary algorithms in the design automation of analog integrated circuits," Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 10, 2010, pp.1859-1872.[71] P. Thrift, "Fuzzy logic synthesis with genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1991, pp.509-513.[72] M. W. Tsai, T. P. Hong, and W. T. Lin, "A Two-Dimensional Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Aircraft Scheduling Problem," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2015, 2015.[73] P. H. Vance, C. Barnhart, E. L. Johnson, G. L. Nemhauser, "Airline crew scheduling: a new formulation and decomposition algorithm", Operations Research, vol. 45, no. 2, 1997, pp.188-200.[74] T. M. Vowles," The geographic effects of US airline alliances," Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 8, 2000, pp.277-285.[75] P. C. Wang and W. Korfhage, "Process scheduling using genetic algorithms," The Seventh IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, 1995, pp.638.[76] P. Wark, J. Holt, M. Rönnqvist, D. Ryan, "Airline Schedule Generation Using Repeated Matching," European Journal of Operational Research, 1997, pp.21-35.[77] S. Yan and J. C. Chang, "Discrete optimization airline cockpit crew scheduling," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 136, 2002, pp.501-511.[78] S. Yan and Y.P. Tu, "A network model for airline cabin crew scheduling," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 140, no. 3, 2002, pp.531-540.[79] W. Yanga, Felix T.S. Chanb, V. Kumarc, "Optimizing replenishment polices using genetic algorithm for single-warehouse multi-retailer system," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 3, 2012, pp.3081–3086.[80] G. Yu, Operations Research in the airline industry, Kuuwer Academic Publishers, 1998.[81] B. Zeren, I. Ozkol, "An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Crew Pairing Optimization," Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, vol. 4, 2012, pp.70-80. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201901273 en_US
