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題名 基於亞馬遜雲端運算服務之Quorum自動化部署與效能量測工具
Automated Deployment and Performance Evaluation Tool Based on Amazon Web Services for Quorum Blockchain
作者 蕭兆洋
Hsiao, Chao-Yang
貢獻者 陳恭
Chen, Kung
蕭兆洋
Hsiao, Chao-Yang
關鍵詞 區塊鏈
亞馬遜雲端運算
自動化部署
效能量測
聯盟鏈
私有鏈
亞馬遜雲端運算服務
部署
Blockchain
Private Blockchain
Consortium Blockchain
AWS
Amazon Web Services
Quorum
Blockchain Deployment
Automated Deployment
Performance Measurement
Performance Evaluation
日期 2020
上傳時間 5-五月-2020 12:01:20 (UTC+8)
摘要 區塊鏈的種類除了「公有鏈」之外，「私有鏈」與「聯盟鏈」也扮演了舉足輕重的角色，聯盟鏈將於各種企業、組織間創造許多區塊鏈的應用場景，解決跨企業、跨組織的「信任」、「隱私」與「整合標準化」問題。本研究以目前三大聯盟鏈之一的Quorum為主要研究對象。

為了幫助未來企業、組織在進行「私有鏈」或是「聯盟鏈」評估時，降低區塊鏈部署門檻，快速部署並套用實務應用之區塊鏈環境，我們以公有雲端運算服務商AWS（Amazon Web Service，亞馬遜雲端運算服務）為「運算資源」與「網路環境」之基礎，整合多種開源工具，僅需簡單透過更改設定檔，即可將Quorum使用自動化部署的方式快速部署到AWS上，且可依據需求選擇Clique、Istanbul BFT、Raft三種共識演算法，並搭配Tessera、Constellation兩種隱私協議，解決「區塊鏈部署」之複雜性問題並大大增進部署效率。

另外，我們也利用開源工具收集各種共識指標，整合了節點資源與共識資訊的即時視覺化Dashboard，透過共識相關日誌之收集，將日誌集中索引，並提供日誌搜尋與視覺化工具，幫助快速進行共識狀態的分析。最後我們也整合了多種壓測與網路控制工具，方便進行不同共識演算法於不同「系統資源」與「網路環境」之比較，打造全面且易於擴充的「區塊鏈效能量測」工具。
Besides “Public Blockchain”, “Private Blockchain” and “Consortium Blockchain” also play a pivotal role. “Consortium Blockchain” will create many blockchain’s application scenario among various enterprises and organizations to solve the problems of “Trust”, “Privacy” and “Integration Standardization” across enterprises and organizations. This study takes Quorum, one of the three major consortium blockchain, as the main research object.

In order to help enterprises and organizations to evaluate the “Private Blockchain” or “Consortium Blockchain”, reduce the threshold for blockchain deployment, quickly deploy and apply the blockchain to practical applications, we use the public cloud computing service provider AWS (Amazon Web Service) as the “computing resources” and “network environment” foundation. We integrate a variety of open source tools to make Quorum automated deployment fast by simply setup and apply the configuration files. Three consensus algorithms: Clique, Istanbul BFT and Raft, together with two privacy implementation Tessera and Constellation on Quorum can be choose by requirements. We’d like to solve the complexity and improve the efficiency of “Blockchain Deployment”.

In addition, we also use open source tools to collect various consensus metrics, integrate real-time visualization of node resources and consensus status dashboard. Through the collection of consensus related logs, and provide log search and visualization tools to help consensus status analysis. Finally, we also integrated a variety of stress test and network control tools to facilitate the comparison of different consensus algorithms between different “system resources” and “network environments”, creating a comprehensive and easy to expand “Blockchain Performance Measurement” tool.
參考文獻 [1] S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system”, 2008.
[2] Libra Association Members, “An Introduction to Libra”, https://libra.org/en-US/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2019/06/LibraWhitePaper_en_US.pdf .
[3] V. Buterin, “Ethereum: A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform.” https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper, 2014. Accessed: 2016-08-22.
[4] “Clique”, https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/225 .
[5] Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov, “Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance”, 1999.
[6] “Istanbul Byzantine Fault Tolerance”, https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/650 .
[7] Diego Ongaro and John Ousterhout, “In Search of an Understandable Consensus Algorithm(Extended Version)”, USENIX Annual Technical Conference, 2014.
[8] Leslie Lamport, “Paxos Made Simple”, 2001-11-01
[9] “Constellation”, https://docs.goquorum.com/en/latest/Privacy/Constellation/Constellation .
[10] “NaCl”, https://nacl.cr.yp.to/ .
[11] “Curve25519”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve25519 .
[12] “Tessera”, https://docs.goquorum.com/en/latest/Privacy/Tessera/Tessera/ .
[13] Arati Baliga, Subhod I, Pandurang Kamat and Siddhartha Chatterjee, “Performance Evaluation of the Quorum Blockchain Platform”, 2018-07-19.
[14] “caliper”, https://github.com/hyperledger/caliper .
[15] B Xu, D Luthra, Z Cole, N Blakely, “Eos: An architectural, performance, and economic analysis”, 2018.
[16] “Whiteblock”, https://whiteblock.io .
[17] Ethan Buchman, “Tendermint: Byzantine Fault Tolerance in the Age of Blockchains”, 2016-06.
[18] “Istanbul BFT Benchmarking”, https://github.com/getamis/istanbul-tools/wiki/Istanbul-BFT-Benchmarking .
[19] “go-ethereum”, https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum .
[20] “Parity”, https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum .
[21] “nethermind”, https://github.com/NethermindEth/nethermind .
[22] “Quorum”, https://github.com/jpmorganchase/quorum .
[23] “Packer”, https://github.com/hashicorp/packer .
[24] “Terraform”, https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform .
[25] “Terragrunt”, https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terragrunt .
[26] “monit”, https://mmonit.com/monit .
[27] “Ansible”, https://github.com/ansible/ansible .
[28] “epirus”, https://github.com/blk-io/epirus-free .
[29] “Etherscan”, https://etherscan.io .
[30] “Prometheus”, https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus .
[31] “Grafana”, https://github.com/grafana/grafana .
[32] “Node exporter”, https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter .
[33] “Grok exporter”, https://github.com/fstab/grok_exporter .
[34] “Filebeat”, https://github.com/elastic/beats/tree/master/filebeat .
[35] “Logstash”, https://github.com/elastic/logstash .
[36] “Elasticsearch”, https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch .
[37] “Kibana”, https://github.com/elastic/kibana .
[38] “sysbench”, https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench .
[39] tc(8) tc Manual.
[40] iptables(8) iptables Manual.
[41] “Wondershaper”, https://github.com/magnific0/wondershaper .
[42] “etcd Hardware”, https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/op-guide/hardware.md .
[43] “etcd Failures”, https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/op-guide/failures.md .
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學系碩士在職專班
106971005
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106971005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳恭zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Kungen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 蕭兆洋zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Hsiao, Chao-Yangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 蕭兆洋zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsiao, Chao-Yangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-五月-2020 12:01:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-五月-2020 12:01:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-五月-2020 12:01:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0106971005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/129668-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學系碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106971005zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 區塊鏈的種類除了「公有鏈」之外，「私有鏈」與「聯盟鏈」也扮演了舉足輕重的角色，聯盟鏈將於各種企業、組織間創造許多區塊鏈的應用場景，解決跨企業、跨組織的「信任」、「隱私」與「整合標準化」問題。本研究以目前三大聯盟鏈之一的Quorum為主要研究對象。

為了幫助未來企業、組織在進行「私有鏈」或是「聯盟鏈」評估時，降低區塊鏈部署門檻，快速部署並套用實務應用之區塊鏈環境，我們以公有雲端運算服務商AWS（Amazon Web Service，亞馬遜雲端運算服務）為「運算資源」與「網路環境」之基礎，整合多種開源工具，僅需簡單透過更改設定檔，即可將Quorum使用自動化部署的方式快速部署到AWS上，且可依據需求選擇Clique、Istanbul BFT、Raft三種共識演算法，並搭配Tessera、Constellation兩種隱私協議，解決「區塊鏈部署」之複雜性問題並大大增進部署效率。

另外，我們也利用開源工具收集各種共識指標，整合了節點資源與共識資訊的即時視覺化Dashboard，透過共識相關日誌之收集，將日誌集中索引，並提供日誌搜尋與視覺化工具，幫助快速進行共識狀態的分析。最後我們也整合了多種壓測與網路控制工具，方便進行不同共識演算法於不同「系統資源」與「網路環境」之比較，打造全面且易於擴充的「區塊鏈效能量測」工具。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Besides “Public Blockchain”, “Private Blockchain” and “Consortium Blockchain” also play a pivotal role. “Consortium Blockchain” will create many blockchain’s application scenario among various enterprises and organizations to solve the problems of “Trust”, “Privacy” and “Integration Standardization” across enterprises and organizations. This study takes Quorum, one of the three major consortium blockchain, as the main research object.

In order to help enterprises and organizations to evaluate the “Private Blockchain” or “Consortium Blockchain”, reduce the threshold for blockchain deployment, quickly deploy and apply the blockchain to practical applications, we use the public cloud computing service provider AWS (Amazon Web Service) as the “computing resources” and “network environment” foundation. We integrate a variety of open source tools to make Quorum automated deployment fast by simply setup and apply the configuration files. Three consensus algorithms: Clique, Istanbul BFT and Raft, together with two privacy implementation Tessera and Constellation on Quorum can be choose by requirements. We’d like to solve the complexity and improve the efficiency of “Blockchain Deployment”.

In addition, we also use open source tools to collect various consensus metrics, integrate real-time visualization of node resources and consensus status dashboard. Through the collection of consensus related logs, and provide log search and visualization tools to help consensus status analysis. Finally, we also integrated a variety of stress test and network control tools to facilitate the comparison of different consensus algorithms between different “system resources” and “network environments”, creating a comprehensive and easy to expand “Blockchain Performance Measurement” tool.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 i
Abstract ii
Contents iii
List of Tables xi
List of Figures xii
1 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的與問題 2
1.3 研究貢獻 3
1.4 各章節說明 4
2 相關研究與技術背景 5
2.1 Quorum簡介 5
2.2 Quorum區塊鏈上的共識演算法 6
2.2.1 Clique 6
2.2.1.1 Clique簡介 6
2.2.1.2 Clique的角色 6
2.2.1.3 Clique的重要概念 6
2.2.1.4 Clique的運作機制 7
2.2.2 Istanbul BFT 8
2.2.2.1 Istanbul BFT簡介 8
2.2.2.2 Istanbul BFT的角色 9
2.2.2.3 Istanbul BFT的重要概念 9
2.2.2.4 Istanbul BFT的運作機制 10
2.2.3 Raft 11
2.2.3.1 Raft簡介 11
2.2.3.2 Raft的角色 12
2.2.3.3 Raft的重要概念 12
2.2.3.4 Raft的運作機制 14
2.3 Quorum區塊鏈上的隱私協議 15
2.3.1 Constellation 15
2.3.1.1 Constellation簡介 15
2.3.1.2 Constellation的運作機制 16
2.3.2 Tessera 17
2.3.2.1 Tessera簡介 17
2.3.2.2 Tessera的運作機制 18
2.3 區塊鏈效能量測 18
2.3.1 Performance Evaluation of the Quorum Blockchain Platform 18
2.3.2 Eos: An architectural, performance, and economic analysis 19
2.3.3 Tendermint: Byzantine Fault Tolerance in the Age of 20
Blockchains 20
2.3.4 Istanbul BFT Benchmarking 21
3 Quorum系統架構簡介 23
3.1 Ethereum介紹 23
3.1.1 Ethereum帳戶（Ethereum Account） 23
3.1.2 交易（Transaction） 23
3.1.3 區塊（Block） 24
3.1.4 智能合約（Smart Contract） 24
3.1.5 Ethereum Virtual Machine（EVM） 24
3.1.6 Ethereum客戶端（Client） 25
3.2 Quorum介紹 25
3.2.1 Quorum簡介 25
3.2.2 Quorum的隱私交易 26
4 量測指標與實驗環境 29
4.1 量測指標 29
4.1.1 公開交易（Public Transaction） 29
4.1.2 隱私交易（Private Transaction） 29
4.1.3 起始區塊（Start Block）與結束區塊（End Block） 29
4.1.4 總共識時間 30
4.1.5 出塊時間（Block Period） 30
4.1.6 TPS（Transaction per Second） 30
4.2 實驗環境 30
4.2.1 AWS Region 30
4.2.2 可用區域 Available Zone 32
4.2.3 VPC 32
4.2.4 EC2 32
4.2.5 EBS 32
4.2.6 AMI 33
4.2.7 Security Group 33
4.2.7.1 Egress 33
4.2.7.2 Ingress 33
4.2.8 Elastic IP 33
4.2.9 Launch Configuration 34
4.2.10 Auto Scaling Group 34
4.2.11 AWS Elasticsearch Service 34
4.2.11 AWS Cost 34
4.3 實驗變因 35
4.3.1 系統資源 35
4.3.2 網路環境 35
4.3.3 崩潰（Crash Failure） 36
4.3.4 共識演算法 36
4.3.5 交易類型 36
4.3.6 隱私協議 36
5 實驗工具 37
5.1 自動化部署工具 37
5.1.1 Packer 37
5.1.2 Terraform 38
5.1.3 Terragrunt 38
5.1.4 Monit 39
5.1.5 Ansible 39
5.2 系統監控 / 效能量測工具 40
5.2.1 Epirus 40
5.2.2 Prometheus 41
5.2.3 Grafana 42
5.2.4 Exporter 43
5.2.4.1 Node exporter 44
5.2.4.2 Block exporter 44
5.2.4.3 Grok exporter 44
5.2.5 Filebeat 44
5.2.6 Logstash 44
5.2.7 Elasticsearch 45
5.2.8 Kibana 45
5.3 壓測/網路控制工具 46
5.3.1 sysbench 46
5.3.2 netem 46
5.3.3 iptables 46
5.3.4 wondershaper 47
5.4 系統架構 47
5.4.1 系統架構概述 47
5.4.1.1 AWS 47
5.4.1.2 AWS Region 47
5.4.1.3 AWS VPC 47
5.4.1.4 AWS 可用區域 48
5.4.1.3 Client 48
5.4.1.4 Elastic IP 48
5.4.1.5 CT Server 48
5.4.1.6 Quorum Nodes 48
5.4.1.7 Logstash 49
5.4.1.8 Elasticsearch Service 49
5.4.2 部署實驗流程 50
5.4.3 系統日誌收集流程 50
5.4.4 共識資訊收集流程 51
5.4.5 共識流程 52
5.5 實驗腳本 53
5.5.1 Host Inventory 53
5.5.2 Keyword-driven Task 54
5.5.3 Ansible Playbook 54
5.5.4 Istanbul BFT Ansible Playbook範例 54
5.6 實驗流程 56
5.6.1 階段1 － 事前準備（Preparation） 56
5.6.1.1 AWS AMI準備 57
5.6.1.2 Terraform部署環境定義 58
5.6.2 階段2 － 實驗進行中（Experiment） 58
5.6.2.1 Terraform部署實驗環境 58
5.6.2.2 Ansible準備實驗環境 58
5.6.2.3 Ansible控制實驗流程 58
5.6.2.4 Prometheus收集Metrics 59
5.6.2.5 Grafana Dashboard 59
5.6.2.6 Epirus Dashboard 59
5.6.2.7 Kibana Dashboard 59
5.6.3 階段3 － 實驗結束（Teardown） 59
5.6.3.1 Ansible停止共識進行 59
5.6.3.2 Terrafrom關閉AWS資源 59
6 實驗結果 60
6.1 TPS（Transaction per Second）測試 60
6.1.1 實驗環境介紹 60
6.1.2 測試結果 61
6.1.2.1 每區塊處理的交易數量 61
6.1.2.2 每個區塊累積處理的交易數量 63
6.1.2.3 共識過程交易池中Pending Transaction之數量 65
6.2 中央處理器（CPU）壓力測試 67
6.2.1 實驗環境介紹 67
6.2.2 測試結果 68
6.3 記憶體（Memory）壓力測試 69
6.3.1 實驗環境介紹 69
6.3.2 測試結果 70
6.4 硬碟I/O（Disk I/O）壓力測試 71
6.4.1 實驗環境介紹 71
6.4.2 前測 72
6.4.3 測試結果 73
6.5 網路延遲（Network Delay）測試 75
6.5.1 實驗環境介紹 75
6.5.2 測試結果 76
6.5.2.1 固定時間網路延遲（Delay with specific time） 76
6.5.2.2 固定時間區間網路延遲（Delay with Margin） 78
6.5.2.3 固定機率觸發時間區間網路延遲（Delay with Margin Probability） 80
6.5.2.4 邊緣分布網路延遲（Delay with Margin Distribution） 81
6.6 網路封包遺失（Packet Loss）測試 83
6.6.1 實驗環境介紹 83
6.6.2 測試結果 84
6.6.2.1 基於機率之封包遺失（Packet Loss base on Probability） 84
6.6.2.2 基於相關係數機率之封包遺失（Packet Loss with Correlation Probability） 86
6.7 網路封包錯誤（Packet Corrupt）測試 88
6.6.1 實驗環境介紹 88
6.6.2 測試結果 89
6.8 網路封包亂序（Packet Misorder）測試 90
6.8.1 實驗環境介紹 90
6.8.2 測試結果 91
6.8.2.1 基於相關係數機率之封包亂序（Packet Misorder with Correlation Probability） 91
6.8.2.2 基於特定頻率之封包亂序（Packet Misorder with Specific Gap） 93
6.9 網路封包重複（Packet Duplicate）測試 94
6.9.1 實驗環境介紹 94
6.9.2 測試結果 95
6.10 網路流量限制（Rate Limit）測試 96
6.10.1 實驗環境介紹 96
6.10.2 測試結果 97
6.11 網路分割（Network Partition）測試 98
6.11.1 實驗環境介紹 98
6.11.2 測試結果 99
6.11.2.1 單一節點網路分割 99
6.11.2.2 兩群節點網路分割 100
6.12 崩潰（Crash Failure） 測試 101
6.12.1 實驗環境介紹 101
6.12.2 測試結果 102
6.12.2.1 Clique 102
6.12.2.2 Istanbul BFT 102
6.12.2.3 Raft 103
6.13 不同隱私協議測試 103
6.13.1 實驗環境介紹 103
6.13.2 測試結果 104
6.14 公開交易與隱私交易比較 105
6.14.1 實驗環境介紹 105
6.14.2 測試結果 105
7 結論與未來研究方向 107
7.1 結論 107
7.2 未來研究方向 108
Bibliography 110		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 7399825 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106971005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區塊鏈zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亞馬遜雲端運算zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自動化部署zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 效能量測zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聯盟鏈zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 私有鏈zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亞馬遜雲端運算服務zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 部署zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blockchainen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Private Blockchainen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Consortium Blockchainen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) AWSen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Amazon Web Servicesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Quorumen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blockchain Deploymenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Automated Deploymenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Performance Measurementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Performance Evaluationen_US
dc.title (題名) 基於亞馬遜雲端運算服務之Quorum自動化部署與效能量測工具zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Automated Deployment and Performance Evaluation Tool Based on Amazon Web Services for Quorum Blockchainen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system”, 2008.
[2] Libra Association Members, “An Introduction to Libra”, https://libra.org/en-US/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2019/06/LibraWhitePaper_en_US.pdf .
[3] V. Buterin, “Ethereum: A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform.” https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper, 2014. Accessed: 2016-08-22.
[4] “Clique”, https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/225 .
[5] Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov, “Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance”, 1999.
[6] “Istanbul Byzantine Fault Tolerance”, https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/650 .
[7] Diego Ongaro and John Ousterhout, “In Search of an Understandable Consensus Algorithm(Extended Version)”, USENIX Annual Technical Conference, 2014.
[8] Leslie Lamport, “Paxos Made Simple”, 2001-11-01
[9] “Constellation”, https://docs.goquorum.com/en/latest/Privacy/Constellation/Constellation .
[10] “NaCl”, https://nacl.cr.yp.to/ .
[11] “Curve25519”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve25519 .
[12] “Tessera”, https://docs.goquorum.com/en/latest/Privacy/Tessera/Tessera/ .
[13] Arati Baliga, Subhod I, Pandurang Kamat and Siddhartha Chatterjee, “Performance Evaluation of the Quorum Blockchain Platform”, 2018-07-19.
[14] “caliper”, https://github.com/hyperledger/caliper .
[15] B Xu, D Luthra, Z Cole, N Blakely, “Eos: An architectural, performance, and economic analysis”, 2018.
[16] “Whiteblock”, https://whiteblock.io .
[17] Ethan Buchman, “Tendermint: Byzantine Fault Tolerance in the Age of Blockchains”, 2016-06.
[18] “Istanbul BFT Benchmarking”, https://github.com/getamis/istanbul-tools/wiki/Istanbul-BFT-Benchmarking .
[19] “go-ethereum”, https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum .
[20] “Parity”, https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum .
[21] “nethermind”, https://github.com/NethermindEth/nethermind .
[22] “Quorum”, https://github.com/jpmorganchase/quorum .
[23] “Packer”, https://github.com/hashicorp/packer .
[24] “Terraform”, https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform .
[25] “Terragrunt”, https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terragrunt .
[26] “monit”, https://mmonit.com/monit .
[27] “Ansible”, https://github.com/ansible/ansible .
[28] “epirus”, https://github.com/blk-io/epirus-free .
[29] “Etherscan”, https://etherscan.io .
[30] “Prometheus”, https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus .
[31] “Grafana”, https://github.com/grafana/grafana .
[32] “Node exporter”, https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter .
[33] “Grok exporter”, https://github.com/fstab/grok_exporter .
[34] “Filebeat”, https://github.com/elastic/beats/tree/master/filebeat .
[35] “Logstash”, https://github.com/elastic/logstash .
[36] “Elasticsearch”, https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch .
[37] “Kibana”, https://github.com/elastic/kibana .
[38] “sysbench”, https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench .
[39] tc(8) tc Manual.
[40] iptables(8) iptables Manual.
[41] “Wondershaper”, https://github.com/magnific0/wondershaper .
[42] “etcd Hardware”, https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/op-guide/hardware.md .
[43] “etcd Failures”, https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/op-guide/failures.md .		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202000414en_US