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題名 語言分析方法於兒童被害人刑事證詞之應用 作者 陳瑋絃
Chen, Wei-Hsien貢獻者 何賴傑
Her, Lai-Jier
陳瑋絃
Chen, Wei-Hsien關鍵詞 兒童證人
兒童證詞
標準內容分析
語文探索與字詞計算日期 2020 上傳時間 1-Jul-2020 13:51:35 (UTC+8) 摘要 兒童於法庭上作為證人提供證詞常見於性侵案件或家暴案件之中，該等案 件的特徵為發生地經常為較私密、封閉的空間，故可呈堂之證據本極為有限。實 務傳統上對此等案件之事實認定常仰賴之生物採樣及心理鑑定，但若非於案發當 時立即進行採證，還原案件真實之機率將隨著時間的流失而降低。事實上，實務 中不乏出現受害兒童於受害當下並未即時表達或甚至無法理解其權利已遭受侵 害，未向他人即時求助而喪失採證先機的情形。綜上之原因造成兒童供詞常為審 判中之關鍵性證據，但以往實務也常見以兒童偵查中與審判中指控非完全一致為 由，進而拒絕採信，徒生許多爭議。雖然兒童證詞具備特殊性，但我國對於兒童證詞於證據法上之定位未有相 關明文規定或系統性調整，對證詞內容本身也鮮少有研究，尤其在兒童證詞之 證明力的判斷上更是欠缺明確判斷依據。對此，本文將介紹針對兒童證詞可信 度的相關科學方法研究──標準內容分析(CBCA)、語文探索與字詞計算(LIWC)， 兩者皆以兒童證詞內容中語言特徵為研究重點。縱然目前上揭科學方法可能受 到測試者年齡、是否被誘導、心理障礙和語言發展的因素的影響，尚非完美無 瑕，但考量到上述缺失或許能透過較為嚴格的供詞取得程序作為補救辦法，仍 值得我國司法與社會相關單位借鏡與參考。本文希望透過介紹語言分析方法評 估兒童被害人供詞的可能性，希望能供日後相關司法實務人員多一項工具來斟 酌評估兒童被害人所為證詞之證明力。 參考文獻 ㄧ、中文資料(ㄧ)專書1. 李宇明，兒童語言的發展，武漢華中師範大學出版社，頁108，2004年。2. 林崇德，發展心理學，東華書局出版社，1998 年 5 月。3. 林鈺雄，刑事訴訟法(上)，七版，2013年9月。4. 張瑋心，美國兒少性侵案件實務審判研究，元照出版社，2017年1月。5. 彭南元，兒童及家事法專題研究，2006年11月。6. 鄭紅麗，說謊心理學，中國輕工業出版社，2005年1月。(二)期刊論文1. 王兆鵬，證人指證之瑕疵及防制，台大法學論叢，28卷2期，頁231，1999年。2. 司法官第 57 期橋頭學習組院檢學習心得分享──性侵案件中說不出口的夢魘，司法新聲，125期，頁88-99，2018年1月。3. 向燕，論性侵兒童案件中被害人陳述的審查判斷，環球法律評論，6期，頁141-142，2018年。4. 朱朝亮，法庭遠距視訊與對質詰問，檢察新論，18期，頁99-107，2015年7月。5. 朱朝亮，鑑定報告之證據容許性要件，月旦法學教室，150期，頁27-29，2015年3月。6. 余習德，李明，夏新懿，朱一奕，高定國，兒童時間言語的發生與發展，學前教育研究，290 期，頁 58-60，2019年。7. 余新兵，證人證言可信度評價的語篇信息成分分析途徑，重慶交通大學學報，19卷3期，頁122-124，2019 年6月。8. 吳巡龍，科學證據與測謊的證據能力，月旦法學教室，38 期，頁95-96，2005年12月。9. 吳統雄，態度與行為研究的信度與效度:理論、應用、反省，民意學術專刊，103頁 29-53，1985 年。10. 吳景欽，性侵害案件中以被害人供述為唯一證據的正當性探討，軍法專刊，56卷2期，頁 87-104，2010年4月。11. 吳嵩、金盛華、蔡頠、李紹顓，基於語言內容的謊言識別，心理科學進展，20期，頁457-466，2012年3月。12. 吳維雅，「你相不相信孩子」?──論兒童性侵害案件中之兒童證人及專家證人兼評台灣高等法院92年少連上訴字第218號刑事判決，檢察新論，頁131-151，2007年1月。13. 李佳玟，司法詢問員的證據法問題(四)，法務通訊，2973期，頁3-5，2019年10月。14. 李榮耕，證人能力與幼童證人──最高院 100 臺上 6816 判決，台灣法學雜誌，194 期，頁 173-178，2012 年 2 月。15. 李榮耕，證人能力與幼童證人──最高院 100 臺上 6816 判決，台灣法學雜誌，194 期，頁 173-178，2012 年 2 月。16. 李慧瑜，性侵害案件兒童證人於刑事訴訟之相關問題—淺談美國法之理論與實務，法務部司法官訓練所，法學研究報告合輯司法官 47 期，頁 2327，2008年。17. 杜金榜，法律語篇樹狀信息結構研究，現代外語，30 卷 1 期，頁 43，2007年2月。18. 姚婷婷，四到六歲幼兒詞彙和水平會話能力的相關性研究，南京師範大學出版社，頁 36-40，2015 年。19. 施俊堯，科學鑑定證據憑信性之探討-以 DNA 鑑定證據為例，東吳法律學報，21 卷 4 期，頁 207-274，2010 年 4 月。20. 英國 Ray Bull 教授講授兒少及脆弱被害人證詞之證據力，司法週刊，第 1988期，4 版，2020 年 1 月。21. 高瑱娟、尤素芬，我國司法詢問員制度之源起及現況，社區發展季刊，162 期，頁91，2018年6月。22. 張瑋心，兒童被害人兼證人之司法權利──聯合國文件之啟思，軍法專刊，60 卷 4 期，頁 79-111，2014 年 8 月。23. 張瑋心，專家證人──司法語言學家，軍法專刊，60 卷 5 期，頁 153-174， 2014年10月。24. 張瑋心，論性侵案件「兒童被害人證言可信性」之檢驗，司法新聲，102 期， 頁 71-88，2012 年 4 月。25. 郭紫棋，林穎慧，被性侵害未成年被害人司法保護體系的完善──基於台灣 地區台北市性侵害案件一站式服务之啟示，人民檢查，14 期，頁 40，2018 年。26. 陳慧女、林明傑，兒童性侵案件中的專家證人與兒童作證，社區發展季刊， 103 期，頁 212-224，2003 年。27. 彭南元，兒童性侵害案件中兒童證人及專家鑑定之研究──對最高法院八十 八年度臺上字第三七七四號判決之評析，律師雜誌，253 期，頁 38-56，2000 年10月。28. 彭南元，兒童性侵害案件中兒童證人及專家鑑定之研究─對最高法院八十八 年度臺上字第三七七四號判決之評析，律師雜誌，253 期，頁 38-56，2000 年10月。29. 黃金蘭，Cindy K. 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國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
105652002資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105652002 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 何賴傑 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Her, Lai-Jier en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳瑋絃 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Wei-Hsien en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳瑋絃 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Wei-Hsien en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2020 13:51:35 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2020 13:51:35 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2020 13:51:35 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105652002 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/130596 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律科際整合研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105652002 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 兒童於法庭上作為證人提供證詞常見於性侵案件或家暴案件之中，該等案 件的特徵為發生地經常為較私密、封閉的空間，故可呈堂之證據本極為有限。實 務傳統上對此等案件之事實認定常仰賴之生物採樣及心理鑑定，但若非於案發當 時立即進行採證，還原案件真實之機率將隨著時間的流失而降低。事實上，實務 中不乏出現受害兒童於受害當下並未即時表達或甚至無法理解其權利已遭受侵 害，未向他人即時求助而喪失採證先機的情形。綜上之原因造成兒童供詞常為審 判中之關鍵性證據，但以往實務也常見以兒童偵查中與審判中指控非完全一致為 由，進而拒絕採信，徒生許多爭議。雖然兒童證詞具備特殊性，但我國對於兒童證詞於證據法上之定位未有相 關明文規定或系統性調整，對證詞內容本身也鮮少有研究，尤其在兒童證詞之 證明力的判斷上更是欠缺明確判斷依據。對此，本文將介紹針對兒童證詞可信 度的相關科學方法研究──標準內容分析(CBCA)、語文探索與字詞計算(LIWC)， 兩者皆以兒童證詞內容中語言特徵為研究重點。縱然目前上揭科學方法可能受 到測試者年齡、是否被誘導、心理障礙和語言發展的因素的影響，尚非完美無 瑕，但考量到上述缺失或許能透過較為嚴格的供詞取得程序作為補救辦法，仍 值得我國司法與社會相關單位借鏡與參考。本文希望透過介紹語言分析方法評 估兒童被害人供詞的可能性，希望能供日後相關司法實務人員多一項工具來斟 酌評估兒童被害人所為證詞之證明力。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究方法 2第三節 研究架構 3第四節 研究範圍 3第二章 兒童證詞於刑事訴訟法上之意義 4第一節 兒童證詞之介紹 4第二節 兒童作為證人之討論 5第三節 兒童證詞於證據法則之討論 6第一項 兒童之作證能力 6第二項 兒童證詞證據適格與證明力 9第三項 傳聞證據及傳聞例外 10第三章 語言分析方法於兒童證詞上可信度之應用 14第一節 兒童證詞可信度探討 15第二節 NICHD 訪談程序 19第三節 標準內容分析(Criteria-Based Content Analysis) 22第四節 語文探索與字詞計算 (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) 48第五節 其他可能的輔佐性分析 63第四章 兒童語言分析方法於我國刑事訴訟法展望 69第ㄧ節 兒童證詞目前於實務上之運作 69第二節 語言分析方法於刑事訴訟法上之應用 78第一項 各國作法介紹 78第二項 我國作法介紹 85第三項 語言分析方法採用之可能 87第五章 結論 101參考文獻103圖目錄圖 1:完整 SVA 流程 28圖 2:語篇信息成分研究方法 50圖 3:早期鑑定啟動流程 87表目錄表格 1:典型 CBCA 中之十九項標準 24表格 2:CBCA 各項標準於各類判決中之表現 37表格 3:CBCA 各項標準於年齡中之表現 38表格 4:LIWC 及 C-LIWC 的差異對照 50表格 5:LIWC 區分真實與虛假陳述之結果 53表格 6:LIWC 檢測兒童與成人供述之對照 55表格 7:不同年齡兒童之詞彙數量 56表格 8:兒童年齡與事物修飾、動作修飾詞彙之關係 58表格 9:兒童年齡與轉折詞之關係 60表格 10:瑞典法院訂立標準與 CBCA 標準之對照 79表格 11:LIWC 區分真實與虛假陳述之準確率 93表格 12:LIWC 與道伯原則之各項判斷標準 95表格 13:科學方法錯誤率適用標準 95表格 14:不同情境下 LIWC 適用之錯誤率 96表格 15:CBCA 區分真實與虛假陳述之準確率 96表格 16:不同情境下 CBCA 適用之錯誤率 97表格17:CBCA與道伯原則之各項判斷標準 98 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1656492 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105652002 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 兒童證人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 兒童證詞 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 標準內容分析 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語文探索與字詞計算 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 語言分析方法於兒童被害人刑事證詞之應用 zh_TW dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ㄧ、中文資料(ㄧ)專書1. 李宇明，兒童語言的發展，武漢華中師範大學出版社，頁108，2004年。2. 林崇德，發展心理學，東華書局出版社，1998 年 5 月。3. 林鈺雄，刑事訴訟法(上)，七版，2013年9月。4. 張瑋心，美國兒少性侵案件實務審判研究，元照出版社，2017年1月。5. 彭南元，兒童及家事法專題研究，2006年11月。6. 鄭紅麗，說謊心理學，中國輕工業出版社，2005年1月。(二)期刊論文1. 王兆鵬，證人指證之瑕疵及防制，台大法學論叢，28卷2期，頁231，1999年。2. 司法官第 57 期橋頭學習組院檢學習心得分享──性侵案件中說不出口的夢魘，司法新聲，125期，頁88-99，2018年1月。3. 向燕，論性侵兒童案件中被害人陳述的審查判斷，環球法律評論，6期，頁141-142，2018年。4. 朱朝亮，法庭遠距視訊與對質詰問，檢察新論，18期，頁99-107，2015年7月。5. 朱朝亮，鑑定報告之證據容許性要件，月旦法學教室，150期，頁27-29，2015年3月。6. 余習德，李明，夏新懿，朱一奕，高定國，兒童時間言語的發生與發展，學前教育研究，290 期，頁 58-60，2019年。7. 余新兵，證人證言可信度評價的語篇信息成分分析途徑，重慶交通大學學報，19卷3期，頁122-124，2019 年6月。8. 吳巡龍，科學證據與測謊的證據能力，月旦法學教室，38 期，頁95-96，2005年12月。9. 吳統雄，態度與行為研究的信度與效度:理論、應用、反省，民意學術專刊，103頁 29-53，1985 年。10. 吳景欽，性侵害案件中以被害人供述為唯一證據的正當性探討，軍法專刊，56卷2期，頁 87-104，2010年4月。11. 吳嵩、金盛華、蔡頠、李紹顓，基於語言內容的謊言識別，心理科學進展，20期，頁457-466，2012年3月。12. 吳維雅，「你相不相信孩子」?──論兒童性侵害案件中之兒童證人及專家證人兼評台灣高等法院92年少連上訴字第218號刑事判決，檢察新論，頁131-151，2007年1月。13. 李佳玟，司法詢問員的證據法問題(四)，法務通訊，2973期，頁3-5，2019年10月。14. 李榮耕，證人能力與幼童證人──最高院 100 臺上 6816 判決，台灣法學雜誌，194 期，頁 173-178，2012 年 2 月。15. 李榮耕，證人能力與幼童證人──最高院 100 臺上 6816 判決，台灣法學雜誌，194 期，頁 173-178，2012 年 2 月。16. 李慧瑜，性侵害案件兒童證人於刑事訴訟之相關問題—淺談美國法之理論與實務，法務部司法官訓練所，法學研究報告合輯司法官 47 期，頁 2327，2008年。17. 杜金榜，法律語篇樹狀信息結構研究，現代外語，30 卷 1 期，頁 43，2007年2月。18. 姚婷婷，四到六歲幼兒詞彙和水平會話能力的相關性研究，南京師範大學出版社，頁 36-40，2015 年。19. 施俊堯，科學鑑定證據憑信性之探討-以 DNA 鑑定證據為例，東吳法律學報，21 卷 4 期，頁 207-274，2010 年 4 月。20. 英國 Ray Bull 教授講授兒少及脆弱被害人證詞之證據力，司法週刊，第 1988期，4 版，2020 年 1 月。21. 高瑱娟、尤素芬，我國司法詢問員制度之源起及現況，社區發展季刊，162 期，頁91，2018年6月。22. 張瑋心，兒童被害人兼證人之司法權利──聯合國文件之啟思，軍法專刊，60 卷 4 期，頁 79-111，2014 年 8 月。23. 張瑋心，專家證人──司法語言學家，軍法專刊，60 卷 5 期，頁 153-174， 2014年10月。24. 張瑋心，論性侵案件「兒童被害人證言可信性」之檢驗，司法新聲，102 期， 頁 71-88，2012 年 4 月。25. 郭紫棋，林穎慧，被性侵害未成年被害人司法保護體系的完善──基於台灣 地區台北市性侵害案件一站式服务之啟示，人民檢查，14 期，頁 40，2018 年。26. 陳慧女、林明傑，兒童性侵案件中的專家證人與兒童作證，社區發展季刊， 103 期，頁 212-224，2003 年。27. 彭南元，兒童性侵害案件中兒童證人及專家鑑定之研究──對最高法院八十 八年度臺上字第三七七四號判決之評析，律師雜誌，253 期，頁 38-56，2000 年10月。28. 彭南元，兒童性侵害案件中兒童證人及專家鑑定之研究─對最高法院八十八 年度臺上字第三七七四號判決之評析，律師雜誌，253 期，頁 38-56，2000 年10月。29. 黃金蘭，Cindy K. 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